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Biomedical subjects

K Chida

Publications and source records attributed to K Chida.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[A case of sarcoidosis presenting as pulmonary nodules associated with pleural indentation fifteen years after onset].

A 65-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of pulmonary nodules, about 3 cm in diameter in the right upper lobe accompanied by pleural indentation, and 5 mm in diameter in the left middle lung field, revealed by chest X-ray. She had no clinical signs or symptoms except achalasia-like discomfort swallowing. Results of physical examinations were within normal limits. A specimen obtained from the nodule in right S2 by transbronchial biopsy showed noncaseating epithelioid granuloma containing asteroid bodies, and negative staining for acid-fast bacilli. No malignant cells were found in the specimen. Bacteriological examination of a bronchial lavage specimen was negative for pyogenic bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi. A PPD skin test was negative. BALF revealed an increase of lymphocytes and elevation of CD4/CD8 ratio. Fifteen years previously, the patient had been diagnosed as having sarcoidosis by scalene node biopsy, and had been treated with steroid therapy. Pulmonary nodules associated with pleural indentation in sarcoidosis is relatively rare, and is usually due to malignancy such as lung cancer. This possibility was ruled out clinically in the present case. Therefore, it was concluded that the pulmonary nodules in this case were due to the sarcoidosis itself.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1993

Predominant expression of nPKC eta, a Ca(2+)-independent isoform of protein kinase C in epithelial tissues, in association with epithelial differentiation.

Of the nine known members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family, we found that novel (n-) PKC eta, a newly isolated Ca(2+)-independent isoform, was expressed at the highest level in the epidermis of mouse skin and epithelia of the digestive and respiratory tracts including the tongue, esophagus, forestomach, glandular stomach, intestine, colon, trachea, and bronchus. Expression of nPKC eta mRNA in these epithelial tissues was 3-10 times that in the brain and was especially high in squamous epithelium. Two other PKC isoforms, conventional (c-) PKC alpha and nPKC delta, were also expressed in these epithelial tissues, but no cPKC gamma was detected. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated the localization of nPKC eta in suprabasal layers of the skin, tongue, esophagus, and forestomach. In the intestine, it was expressed in the epithelial cells of villi, but not of crypts. In the lung, only bronchial epithelium expressed nPKC eta. The localization of nPKC eta in differentiating or differentiated epithelial cells, rather than in proliferating basal cells, suggests the involvement of nPKC eta in epithelial differentiation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[A case of streptomycin-induced lupus].

A case of streptomycin-induced lupus occurring in a 48-year-old female is presented. She was admitted to our hospital in July 1990, complaining of productive cough and general fatigue. A chest roentgenogram showed cavitary lesions and infiltrative shadows in the bilateral upper and middle lung fields and a sputum smear tested positive for acid-fast bacilli. She was diagnosed as lung tuberculosis and antituberculous therapy with isoniazid, rifampicin and streptomycin was started. Ten days after starting the treatment, she began to complain of high fever and erythema on her face and forearms. Blood cell count revealed leucopenia. The antinuclear antibody and antihistone antibody were positive. The improvement of clinical findings and the lowering of antinuclear antibody titer seen after stopping streptomycin confirmed the diagnosis as streptomycin-induced lupus. Streptomycin-induced lupus is very rare.

Female↗
PubMed1993

[A case of familial antithrombin III variant complicated by recurrent pulmonary infarction].

We present a 36-year-old male who developed pulmonary infarction secondary to antithrombin III variant. He was admitted to our hospital with progressive chest pain and hemosputum. The presence of multiple defects on 99mTc perfusion scan indicated the diagnosis of pulmonary infarction. He had a past history of pulmonary infarction 4 years before this episode as well as a family history of recurrent thromboembolic disease. Through coagulation studies revealed that the concentration of antithrombin III antigen and progressive antithrombin activity were within normal limits, while heparin cofactor activity was decreased markedly. Of 5 people in his family, 4 proved to have low heparin cofactor activity. These data suggest that functional abnormality of antithrombin III seems to be closely associated with pulmonary infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Nuclear translocation of viral Jun but not of cellular Jun is cell cycle dependent.

The Jun protein is a transcription factor of the AP-1 complex, and it is concentrated in the cell nucleus. While the cellular Jun protein is transported into the nucleus in a cell-cycle-independent fashion, the oncogenic viral version of the protein translocates into the nucleus most rapidly during the G2 phase of the cell cycle and only slowly during G1 and S phases. This cell cycle dependence of nuclear transport has been mapped to the cysteine to serine mutation in the carboxyl-terminal portion of viral Jun. We have identified a complex nuclear translocation signal located in the basic region of viral Jun. This signal has the sequence ASKSRKRKL. A peptide of this sequence synthesized in vitro and conjugated to IgG can mediate cell-cycle-dependent translocation of the microinjected conjugate from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. The nuclear translocation signal has two functional domains. The pentapeptide RKRKL is sufficient as a cell-cycle-independent nuclear address. The entire signal is needed for cell-cycle-dependent nuclear translocation. The amino-terminal tetrapeptide contains the cysteine to serine substitution responsible for cell cycle dependence. Deletion analysis of the Jun protein suggests that the nuclear translocation signal identified in the basic region is required for nuclear translocation of Jun and may be the only such signal in the Jun molecule.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Study of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis.

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is thought to affect local immunologic defense mechanisms. Studies of BALT, however, have mainly been focused on animals, and information detailing the BALT structure and functions in humans is scanty. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify BALT morphology and immunologic findings in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) and compare them with BALT findings in animals. Thus, in 17 patients diagnosed with DPB, open-lung biopsy specimens were reviewed, and lymphoid follicles with a lymphoepithelium that was determined as BALT were identified in 12 patients. BALT was found mostly at bifurcations from nonrespiratory bronchioles to respiratory bronchioles. This lymphoepithelium was devoid of cilia and was diffusely infiltrated with CD4-positive (helper/inducer) T cells. The majority of T cells were confined to the parafollicular area with a predominance of helper T cells. Also, a few high endothelial venules were recognized in the parafollicular area. Further, in a follicular area situated in the center of the BALT, a number of sigM-positive cells were found to be heavily distributed, suggesting that this follicular area has the characteristics of a B cell zone equivalent to a germinal center of the peripheral lymph nodes. These observations are comparable with BALT findings in animals and suggest that BALT is at least partially related to the local immune response.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A case of eosinophilic pneumonia with diffuse reticular shadows and scattered nodular shadows on chest X-ray film--comparison of findings of chest X-ray and lung histology].

A 47-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of dry cough and throat discomfort. Chest X-ray film showed reticular shadows with Kerley B line and scattered nodular shadows. Blood examination revealed normal WBC count (5100/mm3) with eosinophilia (21%), negative CRP, elevated ESR (49 mm/l hr), normal IgE level and positive antinuclear antibody with speckled pattern. Skin tests and precipitating antibodies for common allergens were negative. Results of arterial blood gas analysis and respiratory function test were almost normal. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid yields 85.7% eosinophils, which suggested eosinophilic lung disease. To establish the diagnosis, thoracotomy was performed and lung specimens were obtained from S3a and S8a. In the area of the nodule, the alveolar spaces were filled with eosinophils and mononuclear cells, with no evidence of vasculitis, granuloma or parasites. Alveolar spaces were almost preserved in residual areas. The walls of air ways, pleura and lobular septa were heavily infiltrated with eosinophils and mononuclear cells. Thus, open lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia. The areas of intraalveolar filling with eosinophils and mononuclear cells were found to correspond to the nodular shadows on chest X-ray film. The relationship between the findings of chest X-ray films and lung histology are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1992

[A clinicopathologic study of atrial infarction complicating left ventricular posterior myocardial infarction].

Among a series of 400 consecutive autopsy cases we performed a clinicopathologic study of atrial infarction in 46 autopsy-proven cases, which had acute or old left ventricular (LV) myocardial infarction. We used blocks taken from both atrial appendages, the region of the sinus-node, the lateral wall of the right atrium, the posterior wall of the right atrium, and the posterolateral wall of the left atrium. Atrial infarction was identified in 13 (28%) of 46 cases with LV posterior infarction which was caused by lesions of the right coronary artery; 10 cases were right atrial infarction and 3 were both right and left atrial infarction. Among 13 cases in which the acute phase of ventricular infarction could be followed, 3 cases exhibited transient atrial fibrillation. Of these 3 cases, 2 had atrial infarction. The mean stenotic index of the proximal right coronary artery was 4.3/5 in the 13 cases of atrial infarction, 3.2/5 in 17 cases of acute necrosis or scar and 3.1/5 in 16 cases without ischemic atrial lesions. Most of the atrial infarction was found in the right atrium; 10 in the right atrial appendage, 8 in the right atrial lateral wall, 3 in the region of the sinus node and the left atrial posterolateral wall, 2 in the right atrial posterior wall, and one in the left atrial appendage. In conclusion, the incidence of atrial infarction was unexpectedly high (28%) in LV posterior infarction caused by lesions of the proximal right coronary artery, particularly in severe stenosis or obstruction.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[A clinicopathologic study of morphologic tricuspid valve prolapse in the aged: comparison with color Doppler evaluation].

Similar morphologic abnormalities have often been observed in the leaflets of tricuspid valve in patients with mitral valve prolapse. In the present study, morphologic tricuspid valve prolapse was analyzed in 500 consecutive autopsies of the aged over 60 years (mean 78.5 yrs, 266 men, 234 women). Additionally, the sensitivity and specificity of the color Doppler technique applied before death were assessed in 61 autopsy cases. The results were as follows: 1. The incidence of morphologic tricuspid valve prolapse was 22.2% at autopsy in 500 cases of the aged, however, tricuspid regurgitation had not clinically been detected in any of them. 2. The prolapse of 2- or 3-leaflets was common (78.5%). Among the 3 leaflets, the prolapse was more frequently observed in the anterior or posterior leaflet than in the septal leaflet. Combined tricuspid and mitral valve prolapses were observed in 22 cases (19.8%). 3. Among 61 cases examined by color Doppler echocardiography, autopsy showed that 16 cases had tricuspid valve prolapse and 14 cases tricuspid regurgitant flow signals (87.5%). 4. Regurgitant flow signals were also detected in 4 of 12 morphologically normal cases (33.3%). 5. In autopsy cases of the aged, generally, the incidence of morphologic tricuspid valve prolapse and tricuspid regurgitant flow signal were high, however, hemodynamically significant regurgitation due to prolapse was very rare.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[A case of adrenoleukodystrophy having progressed from the frontal lobes].

A 12-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital in May 1990. Since two years previously, he became restless and could not adapt himself to his new school mates and teacher. He came to refuse going to school, and his intellectual performance rapidly deteriorated, thereafter. During the following two years, he gradually became mutic and incontinent with dystonic involuntary movements, and was admitted to our hospital. Examination revealed melanoderma, mutism, dementia and grossly normal visual and auditory system except for bilateral optic atrophy. Volitional movements were severely limited because of marked truncal and extreme dystonia and spastic paresis. Urinary 17-KS and 17-OHCS were decreased. Serum cortisol did not increase normally on rapid ACTH test. Very-long-chain fatty acids in serum were increased. Serial CTs and MRI demonstrated marked ventricular dilatation and diffuse white-matter lesions involving the frontal lobes, corpus callosum, internal capsules, and less markedly parieto-occipital regions with slight calcification in the optic radiations. Those in the frontal lobes had been visualised in CTs taken 18 months after the onset. School refusal, the initial symptoms of the patient, is one of serious socioeducational problems in Japan. While the majority of children with school refusal might be of non-organic affections, those with apparent mental deterioration and behavioral abnormalities should undergo non-invasive CT or MRI evaluation during the early stage of the disorder. And if diffuse white matter lesions is suggested even in the frontal lobe, the possibility of adrenoleuko-dystrophy should be considered.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1992

[Sodium cromoglycate nebulized solution has an acute bronchodilative effect in patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA)].

Sodium cromoglycate (SCG) (Intal) is a well-known anti-allergic agent which protects against allergen- and exercise-induced bronchospasms. The effect has been recognized non-acute, unlike that of bronchodilators. However, we have found that some patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA) show significant improvement soon after a single inhalation of SCG nebulized solution. In this study, we investigated the acute bronchodilator effect of SCG given by nebulizer in adult asthmatics, especially compairing AIA with non-AIA (aspirin-tolerant asthma) patients. Twenty patients with AIA and 11 with non-AIA participated in the study. After performing spirometry on remission, they inhaled either SCG via a nebulizer or 4 ml of placebo in a randomized double-blind fashion. After inhalation, spirometry was performed every ten minutes for one hour. The placebo used was a saline solution of the same osmolarity as that of the SCG nebulized solution. Placebo inhalation provoked asthmatic attacks in five of the patients with AIA and one with non-AIA, but SCG did not. In the AIA group, twelve out of the twenty patients also had improved nasal symptoms soon after inhalation of SCG. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was significantly improved 10 minutes after inhalation of SCG. Fifty minutes after SCG inhalation, the percent degree of FEV1 improvement was approximately 17%. However, FEV1 was significantly decreased by approximately 14% after inhalation of placebo. In the non-AIA group, FEV1 was not increased after inhalation of SCG. V25 was not changed after inhalation of SCG in AIA and non-AIA groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

[A case of asthma relieved by aspirin--the first case in Japan and investigation of its mechanism].

We report a case of asthma that was relieved by aspirin and other cyclooxygenase inhibitors. The patient, a 51-year-old man, was admitted to our hospital because of an asthmatic attack. Onset of asthma had occurred at the age of 40 years, after a flu-like infection, and was preceded for several years by perennial rhinitis and loss of the sense of smell. The course was perennial, and unrelated to the seasons. These clinical features resembled those of aspirin-induced asthma (AIA). Therefore, suspecting AIA, we performed a aspirin-DL-lysine iv challenge test. After aspirin-DL-lysine injection, FEV1 was increased by about 30% and nasal obstruction was improved. Other cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin, mefenamic acid, ketoprofen) also improved FEV1 by more than 30%. Hydrocortisone sodium succinate (HCs) improved FEV1 about 20%. Lipoxygenase inhibitor (AA861) produced an evident attack, but continued administration did not result in complete tolerance. On the other hand, seven other AIA patients showed no reaction to AA861. DSCG had an acute bronchodilative effect similar to that of AIA. Paraben and chloramphenicol sodium succinate (CMs) produced an asthmatic attack. The present patient showed a marked improvement in response to cyclooxygenase inhibitors and HCs, in contrast to the situation in AIA, and developed an evident asthmatic attack in response to lipoxygenase inhibitor. He showed marked improvement in the response to DSCG and developed an asthmatic attack in response to paraben and CMs, as in AIA. Our results suggest an abnormality of Arachidonic acid metabolism not only in AIA but also in asthma relieved by aspirin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aspirin↗
PubMed1992

[A case of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia with positive anti Jo-1 antibody preceding polymyositis].

We describe a 58-year-old female with BOOP associated with polymyositis. Four months prior to the appearance of distinctive manifestation of polymyositis, she presented with a two-week history of cough, dyspnea on exertion, and fever. Chest roentgenogram demonstrated bilateral basal infiltrative shadows. The patient was treated with prednisolone, 30 mg/day because of progressive hypoxemia. Open lung biopsy revealed organizing masses of granulation tissue extending from the respiratory bronchioles into the intra-alveolar spaces, which was consistent with BOOP. She developed muscle pain in her legs, fever, dry cough, hypoxemia, and high CPK value in the course of tapering of steroid dose. The findings of biopsy from the left rectus femoris muscle were compatible with polymyositis. Retrospective study of the patient's serum on admission showed positive anti Jo-1 antibody.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1991

Effects of chemical stimulation and lesion of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We investigated whether or not the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL) participates in maintaining a higher arterial pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were anesthetized with chloralose, paralyzed with tubocurarine, and artificially ventilated. Chemical excitation of the RVL neurons by microinjection of excitatory amino acids (L-glutamate) elicited a dose-dependent pressor response in both the SHR and WKY groups. The magnitude of increase in the arterial pressure (AP) was similar in both groups, but the present increase of AP was higher in WKY than in SHR. Chemical lesions of the bilateral RVL produced by the microinjection of tetrodotoxin decreased the AP to the spinal level, which was similar in both groups. The results indicate that the RVL functions as the sole sympathetic output of the brain in SHR, and suggest that the RVL neurons may be tonically overactive to maintain hypertension in SHR.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Identification of lamin B2 as a substrate of protein kinase C in BALB/MK-2 mouse keratinocytes.

Protein phosphorylation by activation of protein kinase C was examined using quiescent cultures of the mouse epidermal keratinocyte line BALB/MK-2. Treatment with phorbol ester caused rapid phosphorylation of five proteins with molecular weights of 80,000, 70,000, 40,000, 34,000, 28,000. Of these proteins, the 70,000 molecular weight one (p70) was studied further. Its position on two-dimensional gel suggested that p70 is nuclear envelope lamin B. This possibility was confirmed by the co-migration of p70 with the lamin fraction of mouse liver and its immunoprecipitation with antinuclear lamina antibody. The lamin B fraction consists of lamin B1 and lamin B2. Evidence that p70 is lamin B2 was obtained by peptide mapping and amino acid sequencing. Lamin B2 is the only lamin that shows a substantial increase in phosphorylation on treatment of BALB/MK-2 cells with phorbol ester.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Lack of correlation between P pulmonale and right atrial overload in chronic obstructive airways disease.

The correlation between P pulmonale and right atrial overload in chronic lung disease was studied. Right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and cardiac output were measured with a Swan-Ganz catheter in nine patients with chronic lung disease and P pulmonale on the electrocardiogram (P wave amplitude of greater than or equal to 2.5 mm (0.25 mV) in leads II, III, and a VF. The results were compared with those in six patients with an atrial septal defect (left to right shunt greater than or equal to 50%) and six patients with pulmonary hypertension (mean pressure greater than or equal to 30 mm Hg without left sided heart disease). Right atrial volume and wall thickness were measured in 10 cases of P pulmonale among 1000 necropsy cases and compared with 141 normal hearts from the same series. The patients with P pulmonale did not show a significant increase in right atrial or pulmonary artery pressures. None of the patients with an atrial septal defect or pulmonary hypertension had P pulmonale on the electrocardiogram. In the necropsy cases of P pulmonale mean (1 SD) in right atrial volume (32 (12) ml) and wall thickness (1.5 (0.7) mm) were not significantly increased (40 (14) ml and 1.4 (0.5) mm in the normal hearts). There was a significant inverse relation between the presence of P pulmonale and the cardiothoracic ratio. In all the patients with P pulmonale chest x ray showed a low cardiothoracic ratio, a considerably depressed diaphragm, and a pendulous heart. This study showed no correlation between P pulmonale and right atrial overload in chronic lung disease. A more vertical anatomical position of the heart, particularly of the right atrium, seems to be the major factor responsible for generation of P pulmonale in chronic airways disease.

Aged↗