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Biomedical subjects

K Casper

Publications and source records attributed to K Casper.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Overfeeding: cardiovascular and metabolic response during continuous formula infusion in adult humans.

The cardiovascular and metabolic response to continuous nasoenteric formula infusion was monitored in eight healthy men during three consecutive 1-wk balance periods: maintenance-stabilization, overfeeding at twice the maintenance infusion rate, and postoverfeeding return to maintenance infusion. Elemental balance, thermogenic, and stable-isotope studies carried out throughout protocol identified 1) two distinct phases during overfeeding (early, days 1-4, and late, days 4-7); 2) changes in extracellular fluid (sodium balance) as the major determinant of overfeeding weight gain; 3) individual differences in percentage of excess fuels retained during overfeeding (76-87%), derived from variation in both digestive and thermogenic processes; and 4) a sustained physiologic response during the postoverfeeding period. These initial findings suggest that individuals differ in response to overfeeding and that specific aspects of this variation are amenable to future study. In addition, the timing of observed fluid, metabolic, and cardiovascular changes during overfeeding suggests specific strategies aimed at preventing refeeding circulatory complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Congestive heart failure: clinical management by use of continuous nasoenteric feeding.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is often associated with undernutrition. Although loss of lean tissue may be detrimental to the host, a protective effect is conveyed as cardiac demands are reduced by lower whole-body oxygen consumption (VO2) and circulating fluid volume. The aim of this study was to determine if continuous nasoenteric feeding could promote an anabolic state with increments in lean tissue in moderate-severe CHF patients without adversely effecting cardiac performance. Undernourished CHF patients on a metabolic ward were fed a formula diet infused intragastrically for 2 wk. The energy infusion rate was maintained at 1.4-1.8 X measured resting metabolic rate. During the infusion period, body weight, elemental balances, VO2, and cardiac function (echocardiography) were monitored. Results showed a loss in weight and extracellular fluid, gain in lean body mass (eg, + delta N and delta K), unaltered VO2, and unchanged cardiac function. Cardiac cachexia is therefore safely and effectively manageable by maintenance or repletional levels of nasoenteric feeding.

Body Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of electromagnetic and sound waves in nutritional assessment.

Four relatively new techniques that apply electromagnetic or sound waves promise to play a major role in the study of human body composition and in clinical nutritional assessment. Computerized axial tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared interactance, and ultrasonography provide capabilities for measuring the following: total body and regional fat volume; regional skeletal muscle volume; brain, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and tumor volume; lean tissue content of triglyceride, iron, and high-energy intermediates; bone density; and cardiac function. Each method is reviewed with regard to basic principles, research and clinical applications, strengths, and limitations.

Carbon Isotopes↗