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Biomedical subjects

K Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to K Campbell.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

An evaluation of the clinical staging of endometrial cancer.

Therapeutic approaches to endometrial cancer have traditionally been based on preoperative clinical staging. We conducted a retrospective review of 56 women with diagnoses of stage I and II endometrial cancer in order to compare preoperative clinical staging with postoperative staging based on pathologic data. We found a change in stage based on surgical findings in 41.1% of the cases. Endocervical curettage was falsely positive in 92.8% of cases. In addition, an overall change in tumor grade occurred in 39.3% of patients. Preoperative clinical staging of endometrial cancer is associated with a large margin of error when compared to surgical pathologic data.

Curettage↗
PubMed1987

Patterns of human fetal heart rate accelerations from 26 weeks to term.

Computerized analysis of the distribution of 2598 fetal heart rate accelerations in 83 healthy fetuses at 26 to 40 weeks' gestation demonstrated that the currently used definition of an acceleration as greater than or equal to 15 beats/min for greater than or equal to 15 seconds is applicable only after 30 weeks' gestational age in fetuses with a basal fetal heart rate of less than or equal to 128 beats/min. A significant negative correlation was found between the mean hourly basal fetal heart rate and the mean amplitude of fetal heart rate accelerations from 30 weeks to term. There was also a significant maturational process in the pattern of fetal heart rate and fetal heart rate accelerations that occurred between 26 and 28 and between 30 and 32 weeks; this was characterized by a decrease in basal fetal heart rate, an increase in the amplitude of fetal heart rate accelerations, and an increase in long-term fetal heart rate variability.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1986

The 3' region of bovine leukemia virus genome encodes a trans-activator protein.

The genome of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) contains several overlapping, long open reading frames 3' to the envelope gene. Experiments presented here show that the cDNA encompassing the X region open reading frames encodes a trans-activator function capable of increasing the level of gene expression directed by the BLV long terminal repeat sequences. This study provides further evidence of the structural and functional similarities of the bovine leukemia virus and the human T lymphotropic viruses, HTLV-I and HTLV-II.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Males disposed to commit rape.

The hypothesis that the preferential rape pattern belongs among the courtship disorders like voyeurism, exhibitionism, and toucheurism was tested. The study consisted of two experiments. The first compared 11 rape-prone males, who were most likely afflicted with the preferential rape pattern, with 11 sexually normal controls on penile response to narratives that depicted scenes in which the individual engaged in behavior typical of voyeurs, exhibitionists, or toucheurs. Narratives depicting normal tactile interaction (short of intercourse) with a genuinely participating woman, normal intercourse, and sexually neutral scenes were also presented. The rape-prone males responded more to the voyeuristic situations than did the controls. The standing of the normal intercourse situations on the scale of erotic value, relative to the other above-mentioned situations, was lower for the rape-prone males than for the normal controls. A second experiment compared 12 rape-prone males, who most likely demonstrated the preferential rape pattern, with 12 males with (other) courtship disorders and 12 sexually normal controls. Penile response to narratives depicting the individual involved in pretactile erotic activity, in tactile sexual activity short of intercourse, or in having intercourse was compared. Each situation was presented in two modalities depicting either a genuinely participating woman or a woman fearful of the individual. The penile responses of the rape-prone males, as well as those of males with other courtship disorders, differentiated less between sexual interaction with a fearful woman and such interaction with a participating woman than did the penile responses of normal controls. There was no significant difference in this respect between the rape-prone males and males with other courtship disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Analysis of fetal activity and maternal and fetal heart rate using a laboratory minicomputer.

Using a PDP-11 minicomputer, a system was developed for real-time acquisition of fetal breathing, body movement, and heart rate data. Analogue event pulses were input electronically to a DR-11 16 channel A/D, D/A interface and the event times were measured using an AR-11 real-time clock. Event times were stored for comprehensive off-line analysis and useful data summaries were also provided on-line. The on-line printouts enabled investigators to examine the quality of the data at the time of the study. The system has resulted in faster data acquisition and analysis and greater accuracy of measurement.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

Construction of recombinant murine retroviruses that express the human T-cell leukemia virus type II and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III trans activator genes.

Recombinant retroviruses containing the trans activator genes of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) type II and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III were constructed. The trans activator genes tat II and tat III were inserted into the murine retroviral vector pZIPNEOSV(X)1. Recombinant plasmids were transfected into the psi 2 and psi AM packaging cell lines that produce murine leukemia virions containing no retroviral RNA. Functional tat II and tat III gene products were expressed as demonstrated by trans activation of HTLV type I and II and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III long terminal repeat-directed gene expression in the respective infected cells. Use of these recombinant vectors permits high-efficiency gene transfer into a wide variety of cells, thereby providing the opportunity to study the biochemical effects associated with tat II and tat III gene expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Variability in proteoglycan synthesis among six strains of normal human adult skin fibroblasts.

Several parameters of proteoglycan synthesis (incorporation of precursor isotope, distribution in culture compartments, sensitivity to chondroitinase ABC and Sepharose CL-2B elution profile) were investigated for six strains of normal human adult skin fibroblasts in culture in order to determine the range of variability in these parameters that could be expected in a normal population. When proteoglycan accumulation was measured in all cultures the uptake of Na2 35SO4 expressed per 10(6) cells had a coefficient of variation ranging from 17% to 50% in different experiments. Variability was always less when expressed per mg cell protein. The coefficient of variation was lowest when isotopic incorporation per mg cell protein was expressed as a percent of total incorporation of that isotope. Replicate tests indicated that the variability could not be explained by the assay methodologies alone. The protocol followed was designed to determine whether any consistent distinctions for individual cell strains could be identified. No significant difference in any parameter could be detected between the six cell strains by two-way analysis of variance although differences between experiments were significant in several cases and cultured bovine tendon fibroblasts were significantly different for every parameter tested.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Proteoglycan synthesis by fibroblast cultures initiated from regions of adult bovine tendon subjected to different mechanical forces.

Fibroblast cultures were initiated from two distinct regions of the adult bovine deep flexor tendon and synthesis of 35S-labeled proteoglycans by these cultures was investigated. The proximal/tensional region of the tendon was composed of linearly arranged dense collagen bundles, and its glycosaminoglycan hexosamine content was only 0.2% of the dry weight of the tissue. The proteoglycans of this region were predominantly small (Kav = 0.5 on Sepharose CL-4B). Cells placed into culture from this region attached to the substratum readily, and the radiolabeled proteoglycans from these cultures were 90% small proteoglycans. In a more distal region of the tendon that is subjected to compressive forces, the collagen was arranged as a network of fibrils separated from each other by a matrix that stained intensely with Alcian blue. The glycosaminoglycan content of this compressed region was up to 5-fold higher than in the proximal region, and as much as 50% of the proteoglycans were large molecules (eluted from Sepharose CL-4B in the Vo). Cells placed into culture from the distal/compressed region did not attach to the substratum as readily as those from the proximal region and were characterized by the presence of numerous cytoplasmic lipid inclusions. The [35S]proteoglycans synthesized by the distal tendon fibroblast cultures were divided into two approximately equal populations of large and small proteoglycans having elution characteristics similar to the proteoglycans extracted from this tissue. The distinct profiles of proteoglycan production were maintained by the cells in culture for several weeks, although eventually the amount of large proteoglycan synthesized by the distal tendon fibroblast cultures diminished. Both regions of tendon contained predominantly type I collagen, and collagen production was about 10% of the total protein synthesized by both cell cultures. These observations indicate that adult tendon fibroblasts in culture express stable synthesis of proteoglycan populations similar to those found in the region of tendon from which they were derived.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of long-term azathioprine administration in adults with minimal-change glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome resistant to corticosteroids.

Thirteen adult patients with nephrotic syndrome resistant to corticosteroid administration were treated with azathioprine daily for four years. Progressive improvement occurred in all 13 patients so that they were in complete remission after one to three years. The onset of apparent improvement was earlier and the rate of progressive improvement more rapid in patients who had selective proteinuria before therapy than in those whose proteinuria was nonselective. One patient who stopped therapy after 20 months suffered relapse but again responded when azathioprine treatment was restarted. Observation after the four-year therapeutic period ranges from three to 15 years; there have been no relapses during this time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of repeated intraperitoneal injections of soman on schedule-controlled behavior in the rat.

Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, soman (10-40 micrograms/kg), suppressed in a dose-related manner response rates in rats maintained under a multiple fixed-interval 50-s fixed-ratio 25 schedule of food delivery. Chronic administration of soman at weekly intervals resulted in tolerance to the response. When soman administration was separated by 2-5 weeks in individual rats, the suppressive effects of the agent again became apparent. Analysis of acetylcholinesterase activity revealed that enzyme inhibition was limited to gastrointestinal areas near the site of injection. There was no significant effect on brain acetylcholinesterase even following IP injection of doses which completely suppressed responding. The IP route may be useful for studying tolerance and other chronic effects of soman without producing generalized toxicity.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1984

Fetal breathing, gross fetal body movements, and maternal and fetal heart rates before spontaneous labor at term.

In order to examine patterns of fetal breathing and body movements and fetal and maternal heart rates near term, we studied 28 healthy pregnant women over 24-hour observation intervals at 38 to 40 weeks' gestation. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of fetal breathing movements during the last 3 days before spontaneous parturition at term, but there was no significant difference in the patterns of gross body movements or fetal and maternal heart rates. We concluded that, prior to spontaneous labor at term, there is a normal decrease in the incidence of fetal breathing movements but no similar change in the incidence of gross fetal body movements. This study suggested that the presence of gross fetal body movements is a more consistent index of fetal health before spontaneous labor at term.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Influence of maternal heart rate and gross fetal body movements on the daily pattern of fetal heart rate near term.

Continuous measurements of fetal heart rate (FHR), gross fetal body movements, fetal breathing movements, and maternal heart rate (MHR) were made for 24-hour observation intervals in 11 pregnant women at 38 to 40 weeks. There was a significant positive correlation between each mother's daily mean MHR and her fetus' daily mean FHR. There was a trough in mean hourly FHR between 0200 and 0600 hours and a trough in mean hourly MHR between 2400 and 0700 hours. Mean hourly FHR both during and between times of gross fetal body movements was significantly correlated to mean hourly MHR. At term, the mean FHR is strongly influenced by the mean MHR and the presence or absence of gross fetal body movements.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1982

Effects of intravenous glucose injections on human fetal breathing movements and gross fetal body movements at 38 to 40 weeks' gestational age.

Fetal breathing movements and gross fetal body movements were studied subsequent to the intravenous injection of either 25 gm of glucose or an equal volume of normal saline solution in 10 healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies at 38 to 40 weeks' gestation. The incidence of fetal breathing increased from 17.5% during the control period to 54.9% after glucose injection. Neither glucose nor saline solution had any effect on the incidence of gross fetal body movements. All fetuses made some breathing movements during any 15-minute interval between 30 and 75 minutes after glucose injection. These data suggest a useful strategy for clinical measurement of fetal breathing activity near term.

Apgar Score↗