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Biomedical subjects

K Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to K Campbell.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Position statement on the role of health care assistants who are involved in direct patient care activities within critical care areas.

Intensive care has developed as a speciality since the 1950s, and during this time, there have been major technological advances in health care provision, leading to a rapid expansion of all areas of critical care. The ongoing problem in recruiting qualified nurses in general has affected, and continues to be a problem for, all aspects of critical care areas. During the past decade, nursing practice has evolved, as qualified nurses have expanded their own scope of practice to develop a more responsive approach to the complex care needs of the critically ill patient. The aim of this paper is to present the British Association of Critical Care Nurses (BACCN) position statement on the role of health care assistants involved in direct patient care activities, and to address some of the key work used to inform the development of the position statement.

Clinical Competence↗
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Three-dimensional characteristics of cartilaginous and bony components of dysplastic hips in children: three-dimensional computed tomography quantitative analysis.

A cartilage-viewing technique was developed to overcome the shortcoming of not seeing the cartilaginous components, believed to play more important role than the osseous components in children's hips, with computed tomography. This technique was applied to 25 dysplastic hips in children younger than 10 years to evaluate their global and local deficiencies. The findings helped us to understand more about their individual problems. To quantify the three-dimensional (3-D) parameters of acetabular anatomy and femoral head coverage, a measuring technique was developed based on digitization of the 3-D coordinates and fitting of every component of the hip. The improved images and the quantified parameters were expected to aid the planning, formulation, and even simulation of individualized surgical treatment for children with developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Acetabulum↗
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Issues for the coming age of continuous glucose monitoring.

PURPOSE: This article reports the results of a symposium in which diabetes educators considered and discussed issues that are likely to arise when continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) becomes available and readily accessible. METHODS: Fifteen certified diabetes educators and 5 others with complementary expertise participated in a discussion based on their responses to 11 questions designed to elicit perspectives on issues related to CGM. Issues for discussion and debate include those related to patient acceptance and lifestyle, implications for professional practice and reimbursement, concerns about professional liability, use of CGM data by insurers and payers, and CGM data transfer. RESULTS: Educators offered varied and sometimes conflicting responses to CGM-related issues. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of CGM-related issues will likely become an important part of diabetes professional development and perspectives in practice. Identifying and framing the issues before the new technologies become available allow diabetes educators to participate proactively in structuring the emerging policies, procedures, and standards of care.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
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BRCA1 gene testing for breast and ovarian cancer in one family.

Most breast cancer is multifactorial in origin, but dominantly inherited genes are implicated in the development of approximately 5-10% of breast cancer as a whole. The identification of the BRCA1 gene, thought to account for 2% of all breast cancer and be present in almost all families affected by breast and ovarian cancer, makes testing for susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer possible for the few families in which researchers have identified a gene mutation. Genetic counselling, by medically qualified geneticists, is available for people with rare genetic conditions caused by gene mutations. In this article, the authors describe their first experience of BRCA1 gene testing in 23 family members. They identify a unique role within a new specialty, cancer genetics, for specialist nurse practitioners in genetic testing and counselling.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood and urinary magnesium kinetics after oral magnesium supplements.

A study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of three oral magnesium supplements--magnesium chloride solution, slow-release magnesium chloride tablets, and magnesium gluconate tablets--at 16 mmol/dose. Twelve healthy normomagnesemic subjects were evaluated during an initial baseline study, followed by three magnesium supplementation studies. Supplements were administered in a randomized, crossover fashion at weekly intervals. During each of the four trials, subjects followed the same routines and consumed identical diets. Magnesium concentrations were measured in urine samples collected from 0 to 4, 4 to 8, 8 to 12, and 12 to 24 hours. Intraleukocyte, total serum, and ultrafiltrable magnesium were measured in blood samples drawn at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours. Compared with baseline, 24-hour urinary magnesium excretion significantly increased (P < 0.05) after the administration of the magnesium chloride solution and also increased after the administration of the other supplements, but the difference was not significant. The 24-hour areas under the curve (AUCs) for total serum, ultrafiltrable, and leukocyte magnesium were greater after the administration of each of the supplements when compared with baseline, although the differences were not statistically significant. Differences in delta AUCs (supplement AUC minus baseline AUC) for total magnesium, ultrafiltrable magnesium, and 24-hour urinary magnesium excretion were statistically different from zero or between supplements. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in total serum, ultrafiltrable, and leukocyte magnesium concentrations were observed at various time points. These results suggest that there were no major differences in the overall effect of these supplements on total serum, ultrafiltrable, and leukocyte magnesium concentrations but do reveal differences in the time-concentration profiles in magnesium levels in blood and urine among the three supplement forms.

Administration, Oral↗
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An automatic spindle analysis and detection system based on the evaluation of human ratings of the spindle quality.

An evaluation of the spindle quality ranked by experienced human raters is described. The pattern discriminating criteria obtained from this evaluation are used for an automatic system based on the complex demodulation method. The performance of this automatic system is compared with both the human visual scoring and with a second automatic system employing phaselocked loop techniques. The performance of the complex demodulation is satisfactory. It also detects spindles buried in slow waves. It is not sensitive to the age of the subject. This method opens possibilities for research of either temporal or chemical (drugs etc.) effects on the characteristics of rhythmic activity, without being hampered by the arbitrary EEG jargon "alpha" or "sigma".

Adult↗
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Occupational therapist: OTR/manager.

Occupational therapists become more involved in management/administrative skills as they progress profesionally; however, varying degrees of these same skills are used by the therapist at every work level and in every work environment. Operational management skills may include applying and implementing policy on the part of the supervising therapist, or may include organization of time as well as management of supplies and persons by a therapist for effective and efficient productivity. Administrative management skills, forming and interpreting policy, are also needed on every work level. The effectiveness of all management/administrative skills is dependent on the institutional or organizational structure within which the therapist works. Occupational therapists must acquire an understanding of organization and administration, how structure affects function, and how to apply management skills in the everyday work situation in order to produce their best professional effort.

Administrative Personnel↗
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Taking temperatures.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Body Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The causes and incidence of haematological malignancies.

This paper considers the current state of knowledge about the causes, physiology and incidence of haematological disorders. An account of the controversy surrounding the incidence of paediatric leukaemias is discussed, together with details of research into environmental causes and their relationship to leukaemia in children.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pain assessment from patients with burns and their nurses.

We investigated pain experienced during burn wound debridement. Forty-nine adult patients with burns and 27 nurses submitted 123 pairs of visual analog scale pain ratings for burn wound debridements. While patients' overall visual analog scale pain scores were found to be evenly distributed, worst pain scores yielded a bimodal distribution with groups centered around means of 2.0 (low pain group) and 7.0 (high pain group). Low and high pain groups did not differ in age, sex, or total body surface area burned. Patient and nurse pain ratings were found to be highly correlated. According to one researcher's criteria, 53% of nurse pain ratings were accurate. Accuracy of nurses' ratings was unrelated to nursing experience or educational level. Future strategies are presented for comparing high and low pain groups and increasing nurse pain rating accuracy.

Adult↗