Stability of residential facilities for people who are mentally retarded, 1977-1982.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K C Lakin.
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A national census of all state-licensed residential facilities for mentally retarded persons was conducted in 1982. This census enumerated 243,669 mentally retarded residents living in 15,633 facilities on June 30, 1982. Information on characteristics of facilities (e.g., type, location, size, type of operator, reimbursement rates) is presented along with demographic/functional characteristics of residents (e.g., age, level of retardation, previous and subsequent placement). The census verified the existence of an extensive variety of residential living alternatives available to mentally retarded people.
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Direct-care staff turnover has frequently been cited as a major problem in the management of both public and nonpublic residential facilities. This article reports on a follow-up study of over 100 direct-care staff one year after an initial interview. Staff members were employees of facilities in a national, stratified random sample of public and nonpublic facilities. Demographic, experiential, job satisfaction, geographical, and institutional factors related to occupational status at the time of the follow-up are reported.
Although deinstitutionalization of mentally retarded people has become established as a goal within the social service system, its continued momentum will depend on the careful planning of services for those now in institutions. This study, therefore, explored the physical and behavioral characteristics of a national sample of the mentally retarded in residential facilities to provide information on the needs that will have to be met by community policies and programs.
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Data from 100 years of formal surveys of population and administrative characteristics of public residential facilities for mentally retarded people were summarized. Sources of these data were described. Results of the studies in the areas of total population, average number of residents per institution, annual per capita cost of care, resident movement (first admissions, readmissions, discharges, and deaths), and resident-to-staff ratios were presented to show trends over the 100-year period.
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