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Biomedical subjects

K C Hsu

Publications and source records attributed to K C Hsu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Activation-induced ubiquitination of the T cell antigen receptor.

The zeta subunit of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) exists primarily as a disulfide-linked homodimer. This receptor subunit is important in TCR-mediated signal transduction and is a substrate for a TCR-activated protein tyrosine kinase. The zeta chain was found to undergo ubiquitination in response to receptor engagement. This posttranslational modification occurred in normal T cells and tumor lines. Both nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated zeta molecules were modified, and at least one other TCR subunit, CD3 delta, was also ubiquitinated after activation of the receptor. These findings suggest an expanded role for ubiquitination in transmembrane receptor function.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Molecular genetic analysis of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ genes among anti-U1-70-kd autoantibody positive connective tissue disease patients.

OBJECTIVE: We have recently found that the presence of autoantibodies against the 70-kd polypeptide of U1 RNP (U1-70-kd) is associated with HLA-DR4 and DR2. To further characterize this association, we performed a molecular genetic analysis of HLA-DR and DQ genes among patients with autoantibodies against U1-70-kd. METHODS: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization, and solid-phase direct DNA sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA were utilized to analyze HLA-DRB1, DRB5, DQA1, and DQB1 genes. RESULTS: A comprehensive analysis of HLA-DRB1, DRB5, DQA1, and DQB1 from 27 patients and controls identified shared amino acids FDYFYQA (Phe, Asp, Tyr, Phe, Tyr, Gln, Ala) at positions 26, 28, 30-32, 70, and 73 of HLA-DRB1 on disease-associated haplotypes. CONCLUSION: A common cluster of shared amino acids, or a shared epitope, identified within HLA-DRB1 among anti-U1-70-kd autoantibody positive connective tissue disease patients may be important in regulating an autoimmune response to the U1-70-kd antigen.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[Experience of surgical treatment for colorectal endometriosis: report of 6 cases].

Endometriosis is a common disease with 8-15% occurrence in women during their reproductive period. Involvement of the bowel wall occurs rather frequently and probably presents in 12-34% of patient with pelvic endometriosis. However, it is classically asymptomatic and difficult to find out. From 1977 to 1987, we had six patients of colorectal endometriosis with mainly bowel symptoms. Five of them were located at rectum and sigmoid colon, one at the hepatic flexure of colon. All of the cases developed constipation or diarrhea, and four of them had severe abdominal pain. Four cases developed rectal bleeding. Previous operation for pelvic endometriosis was noted in two cases. The detailed examination included digital examination, endoscopy, barium enema and CT scan. Suspected malignancy was the indication for surgery in 4 cases and one in rectal stenosis. Low diagnostic rate was due to the fact that endometrial tissue rarely infiltrates the mucosa. Therefore, pathology of biopsied specimen often reveals non-conclusive finding to prevent differential diagnosis. However bowel resection offers conclusive diagnosis and chances of cure. In our study, only one suspected endometriosis case received bilateral oophorectomy. The stenotic segment of rectum restored to normal caliber after operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and scleroderma.

Pulmonary involvement in scleroderma is characterized by interstitial fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. Although bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) may be associated with a variety of connective tissue diseases and their treatment, there are only rare reports of bronchiolitis associated with scleroderma. We describe 2 patients with scleroderma and rapidly evolving pulmonary infiltrates, which upon biopsy showed histologic findings of BOOP. Each patient had severe restrictive lung disease and markedly diminished diffusion capacity. Treatment with high dose prednisone showed a good response in one patient. The rapid course of pulmonary findings in these patients differs from the usual course of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma. Although BOOP is a rare finding in scleroderma, our findings suggest that rapid pulmonary decompensation or atypical findings for pulmonary fibrosis should prompt consideration for an open lung biopsy. Finding a potentially steroid responsive disorder in an otherwise steroid unresponsive disorder has important clinical implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Shoulder problems in the weekend athlete.

With more competitive and recreational athletic pursuits now being undertaken by an aging population, the painful shoulder is seen frequently in the weekend athlete. Episodic stresses to soft-tissue restraints and musculotendinous units around the shoulder lead to a variety of overused pathologic entities. The two most common shoulder problems in the weekend athlete are irritation, swelling, and mechanical impingement; and tearing of the rotator cuff with traumatic shoulder instability (typically of an anterior direction).

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1991

The vascular architecture and innervation of the cerebral arteries in Leiothrix lutea.

The vascular architecture and innervation of the cerebral arteries in the robin-billed leiothrix, Leiothrix lutea, were studied using catecholamine fluorescence, acetylcholinesterase active staining, and immunohistochemical techniques. The cerebral arteries in Leiothrix lutea consisted of the cerebral carotid and the basilar systems. The cerebral carotid artery can be divided into the anterior and posterior rami. Due to poor development of the posterior ramus, the posterior cerebral artery originated from the anterior ramus, and an anterior communicating artery between the cerebroethmoidal arteries formed the circle of Willis. The cerebral carotid system was supplied with aminergic nerve fibers (Amn), cholinergic nerve fibers (Chn) and peptides [substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)]-like immunoreactive (LI) nerve fibers in all regions. These nerve fibers were abundant in the cerebral carotid system, but were few and scattered in the basilar system. Only neuropeptide Y (NPY)-LI nerve fibers were recognized in moderate numbers in the cerebral carotid system, but were not found in the basilar system. Innervation of the small blood vessels of the cerebral parenchyma differed from that of the cerebral superficial arteries, SP-, NKA-, CGRP- and VIP-LI nerve fibers showed a dense distribution, but Amn and NPY-LI nerve fibers showed a sparse distribution, and almost no Chn was observed. Double staining in the cerebral arteries for SP-, NKA- and CGRP-LI nerve fibers demonstrated exactly the same distribution. This suggests that SP, NKA and CGRP co-exist in the same fiber.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1991

Prognostic factors in management of traumatic perforation of colon and rectum.

A retrospective analysis was made of the prognostic factors and management of traumatic perforation of the colon and rectum in 80 patients during the period of 1980 to 1988 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The total mortality was 11%. Morbidity was 18% among the survivors. The mortality was higher in patients with old age (50% for those over 60 years old), delayed operation (50% for a delay of more than 72 hours), poor nutrition (57%), shock condition before or during operation (50%), severe abdominal fecal contamination (35%) and associated abdominal injury. We conclude that the surgical procedures for traumatic perforation of colon and rectum performed depend upon the patient's condition. The prognostic factors in patients with traumatic perforation are patient's age, timing of operation, degree of abdominal fecal contamination, injury to other abdominal organs and general condition such as nutrition and shock.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Acetabular roof reconstruction with femoral head bone-graft for severe acetabular deficiency in total hip replacement].

From July 1984 to September 1989 at Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 14 patients (15 hips) received femoral head bone-grafting by modified Harris method as a part of their total hip replacement for acetabular bony deficiencies. They were followed up for an average of 31.7 months (range from 7 to 66 months). The clinical results were classified as excellent (58.3%) and good (41.7%) by Harris hip scoring system. All the grafts presented as "solid incorporation" with the pelvic wall and only one of the grafts was assessed to be "definite resorption" (volume reduction greater than 50%) by radiologic study. The "biologic viability" of these grafts were proved to be positive by scintigraphy in three-dimensional technique (SPECT). According to our limited experience and primary follow-up studies, we found that good clinical results depend on ideal positioning of the acetabular component in the true acetabulum and femoral head bone-grafting is an ideal procedure for the reconstruction of severe acetabular dysplasia in total hip arthroplasty.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1991

Solid-phase direct DNA sequencing of allele-specific polymerase chain reaction-amplified HLA-DR genes.

We describe in this report a new strategy to directly sequence polymerase chain reaction-amplified human leucocyte antigen DRB genes using biotinylated allele-specific synthetic oligonucleotide primers coupled to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. The use of allele-specific primers in the polymerase chain reaction allows for selective amplification of DNA from one haplotype, which when combined with the direct sequencing technique circumvents the need for DNA cloning prior to sequencing. We demonstrate here that this method can be used to characterize human leucocyte antigen DRB genes among heterozygous individuals. This method can be used for the rapid analysis of highly polymorphic genes among individuals heterozygous at the gene of interest.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

Diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma--is colonoscopy superior to barium enema?

From January 1984 to December 1987, 520 pathologically proved cases of colorectal carcinomas were treated in Mackay Memorial Hospital - 272 (52.5%) were male and 248 (47.7%) were female. The distribution of carcinomas in the colorectum were caecum 27 (5%), ascending colon 49 (9.1%), transverse colon 70 (13%), descending colon 41 (7.6%), sigmoid colon 93 (17.3%), rectosigmoid colon 19 (3.5%) and rectum 239 (44.4%). Fourteen cases (3.3%) had double carcinomas. When 334 barium enema examinations (210 single contrast, 124 double contrast) and 207 colonoscopies were done, false negative results were found in 31 (14.76%) single contrast barium enema (BaE-S) and eight (6.45%) in double contrast barium enema (BaE-D) examinations, and 7 (3.38%) colonoscopic examinations failed to demonstrate cancer lesions because of incomplete examinations from technical problems. False negative in BaE were mostly due to failure to recognize or misinterpret the lesions especially in the rectum. Colonoscopy is significantly more accurate than BaE-S but not with BaE-D. BaE especially BaE-D can be complementary to colonoscopy in a nearly obstructing colon. Direct biopsy of the lesion makes colonoscopy more useful than BaE. Complete removal of a malignant polyp turns colonoscopy into a therapeutic modality. However, a well-trained endoscopist is essential in making colonoscopy a less suffering and more accurate examination. In a symptomatic patient, a confirmatory examination is always needed after positive BaE finding. Sometimes this can be avoided by having colonoscopy done first.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical experience of hemiarthroplasty with Bateman bipolar endoprosthesis].

Between April 1985 and August 1986, 97 patients (101 hips) were treated with Bateman bipolar hemiarthroplasty after diagnosis of femoral neck fracture and ischemic necrosis of the femoral head at Veterans' General Hospital, Taichung. Seventy hips were followed up for an average of 44 months (range from 36 to 53 months). 58.6% of the patients had excellent or good results, 21.4% had fair results and 20% poor results. Twelve cases (17.1%) with thigh pain were diagnosed as have loosening of the stem and this was verified by X-ray and 99m Tc-MDP bone scan examination. 2 of these twelve cases received revisional total hip replacement. Wearing of the acetabulum was noted in only 2 patients (2.9%). From the short-term follow-up study, we would suggest that good results can be obtained with improved cementing technique or a special stem design to fit the different indications.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Simultaneous cholecystectomy with colon surgery].

Both colorectal pathology and cholecystopathy are common disorders, especially among the elderly. Postoperative cholecystitis was well known to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. The presence of gall bladder pathology has also been reported to precipitate acute cholecystitis. In addition, these patients with gall bladder pathology may eventually need a cholecystectomy because of complications. In the above cases, some authors have suggested a simultaneous cholecystectomy at the time of colon surgery. In past 4 years, a series of 28 cases with concomitant cholecystectomy and colectomy were reviewed. The male to female ratio was 11:17, and their age ranged from 41 to 83 years old (mean age 61). The main colonic pathology was adenocarcinoma of colon and rectum (26/28). All gall bladder pathologies were diagnosed preoperatively by abdominal ultrasound, and gall stones were present in 25 of 28 cases. There were no intraoperative complications and no operative mortalities. Our data suggested that a cholecystectomy can be performed safely at the time of colon surgery, if the patient's condition is stable and contamination from colon surgery is minimal.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Is synchronous hemorrhoidectomy with colonoscopy a worthwhile procedure?].

There were 201 patients receiving preoperative colonoscopy prior to hemorrhoidectomy in the meanwhile at MMH from July 1984 to June 1988. Other than rectal bleeding, they had colonic symptoms such as anemia, abdominal pain, familiar history of cancer and change of bowel habit etc. The study included 114 male and 87 female with ages ranging from 15 to 74 years (Median, 42 years). Three patients with colonic cancer and twenty-eight patients with neoplastic polyps were found by colonoscopic examination. Three cancer patients all received cancer surgery instead of hemorrhoidectomy as quickly as possible in a short time. One patient died for advanced stage and the other two patients got good results. The literatures were reviewed and discussed in accordance with the colonoscopic finding, operative time, hospital stay, post-operative morbidity and complication. There were not increase the postoperative morbidity in this series which compare with that of other series. The advantages of this procedure included: 1) Preventing suffer from twice colon preparations. 2) Preventing waiting period for Barium enema. 3) Preventing delay diagnosis of colorectal lesions especially colon cancer or precancer lesions of neoplastic polyps. 4) Performing examination and surgery at the same time-money-saving and time-saving. We thought synchronous hemorrhoidectomy with colonoscopy is a worthwhile clinical procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Isolation of viable mouse primordial germ cells by antibody-directed flow sorting.

The germ line represents a cell type of unique interest in mammals because it retains complete genotypic totipotency while undergoing significant phenotypic differentiation. Analysis of the mechanism that underlies the maintenance of this totipotency requires the ability to isolate and study all stages of the germ cell lineage. The primordial germ cells (PGC) are the earliest identifiable germ cells in the embryo. It has not previously been possible to isolate PGC in sufficient numbers and purity to facilitate biochemical and/or molecular analysis. We report here that the use of a monoclonal antibody in combination with flow cytometry does permit the isolation of reasonably large and pure yields of viable mouse PGC.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

In-vitro activity of cefpirome (HR-810), WIN-49375, BMY-28142 and other antibiotics against nosocomially important isolates from cancer patients.

The activity of three new antimicrobial agents [cefpirome (HR 810), BMY 28142, WIN 49375], and imipenem was compared to that of four currently available agents, ceftazidime, aztreonam, timentin and piperacillin, against 253 bacterial isolates from cancer patients. The activity of all four agents not yet in clinical use at our institution was significantly greater than that of the four antibiotics already in use.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Benzodiazepines have high-affinity binding sites and induce melanogenesis in B16/C3 melanoma cells.

We found that two markers of differentiation, tyrosinase (monophenol, dihydroxyphenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1) activity and melanin synthesis, are induced by diazepam in B16/C3 mouse melanoma cells. We also demonstrated high-affinity binding sites for [3H]diazepam in these cells by radioreceptor assay, and we visualized binding to the cell surface by fluorescence microscopy with a benzodiazepine analog conjugated to a fluorescein-labeled protein. Our studies also showed that there are differences between the binding characteristics in intact cells and in membrane fractions prepared from these cells. Scatchard analysis of the binding data from membrane fractions gave a linear plot (Kd = 9.1 X 10(-8) M). With intact cells, a curvilinear Scatchard plot was obtained. This was resolved into two components defining binding sites with affinity constants of 1.7 X 10(-9) M and 4.6 X 10(-7) M. Thus, it appears that [3H]diazepam binding in intact cells is more complex than in isolated membranes. Several related benzodiazepines, including flunitrazepam, Ro-5-4864, nitrazepam, oxazepam, lorazepam, Ro-5-3072, chlordiazepoxide, and clonazepam also induced melanogenesis. When these compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit [3H]diazepam binding, flunitrazepam, diazepam, and Ro-5-4864 were found to be the most effective inhibitors. These three compounds were also the most potent in inducing melanogenesis. Our results suggest that the benzodiazepines modulate cell differentiation. The presence of high-affinity binding sites in this homogeneous, easily grown cell line may provide a useful model for studies on the mechanism of action of these compounds.

Benzodiazepines↗