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Biomedical subjects

K C Gatter

Publications and source records attributed to K C Gatter.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

An immunohistological study of benign and malignant skin tumours: epithelial aspects.

Biopsies of normal skin and benign and malignant skin tumours were studied immunohistologically with nine monoclonal antibodies. The study showed that monoclonal antibodies can clearly delineate antigens expressed in different regions of normal skin and that, in general, tumours retain the antigenic pattern characteristic of the region from which they have arisen. These findings indicate the potential value of analysing these patterns of antigenic expression with a panel of monoclonal antibodies both for understanding the pathogenesis of skin tumours (e.g. basal cell carcinomas) and in their differential diagnosis (e.g. squamous cell carcinoma versus keratoacanthoma).

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Langerhans' cells and T cells in human skin tumours: an immunohistological study.

In this study normal skin and a range of skin tumours, both benign and malignant, have been examined using monoclonal antibodies to identify the distribution and morphology of Langerhans' cells and T cells, the distribution of T lymphocytes and their subsets have been analysed using monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies. The results indicated that Langerhans' cells can be reliably identified in both normal and malignant skin biopsies using monoclonal antibodies. A striking finding to emerge was that in benign skin lesions Langerhans' cells were increased, whereas in malignant tumours they were not only markedly depleted or absent but also grossly stunted and deformed in outline. The majority of lymphocytes surrounding these skin tumours were shown to be T cells with helper cells outnumbering suppressor cells by a ratio from 2 to 5:1. This study shows the usefulness of immunohistological techniques using monoclonal antibodies for examining the morphology and distribution of Langerhans' cells in skin pathology. In addition they are particularly appropriate for identifying their topographical relationships with other immunologically important cells such as T cells.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Immunohistochemical study of mammary and extra-mammary Paget's disease.

Paraffin sections of 13 cases of Paget's disease (six mammary and seven extra-mammary) were investigated with mono- and polyclonal anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and with monoclonal anti-human milk fat globule membrane antigen (HMFG). One of these cases was also analysed in cryostat sections with monoclonal anti-cytokeratin and anti-keratin. Three immunohistochemical labelling patterns were identified: (I) All six cases of mammary Paget's disease were positive for anti-HMFG and negative with monoclonal anti-CEA (although they stained to a variable degree with polyclonal anti-CEA). (2) Two cases of extra-mammary Paget's disease (both anal location) were positive with monoclonal anti-CEA and only weakly stained for HMFG suggesting epidermal spread from a colo-rectal carcinoma. (3) The other five cases of extra-mammary Paget's disease were negative or weakly stained for CEA and positive for HMFG. We speculate that this group of cases represents epidermotropic eccrine carcinoma. The immunohistochemical use of monoclonal anti-HMFG and -CEA is helpful in the diagnosis of Paget's disease; moreover it gives information about the origin of the primary tumour.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Diagnosis of human lymphoma with monoclonal antileukocyte antibodies.

Two monoclonal antibodies have been produced that react with antigens present on human white cells. These reagents differ from other monoclonal antibodies of similar specificity in that the antigens they recognize are resistant to conventional tissue-fixation and embedding procedures. These reagents can therefore be used in immunocytochemical staining of paraffin-embedded tissue sections. We assessed the practical usefulness of this technique in the histopathological diagnosis of human lymphoid neoplasms by staining a wide range of routine surgical biopsy specimens of normal and neoplastic tissue (gathered from five institutions), using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. In all 40 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, positive labeling of neoplastic cells was obtained with one or both antibodies. In contrast, no staining of neoplastic cells was observed in 60 samples of nonlymphoid neoplasms. We conclude that many of the difficulties encountered by histopathologists in distinguishing between lymphoid and nonlymphoid neoplasms may be overcome by immunohistologic labeling with monoclonal antibodies such as the ones we have studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Retrograde cell degeneration in the basal nucleus in monkey and man.

Retrograde cellular degeneration has been found in the basal nucleus of Meynert in macaque monkeys after large lesions of the neocortex, and in the human brain after either hemidecortication or leucotomy. These observations may be relevant to the interpretation of the cellular degeneration in the basal nucleus in Alzheimer's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The cortical relationships of certain basal ganglia and the cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei.

Three groups of subcortical nuclei are related to the entire cerebral cortex, to the allocortex of the hippocampus and olfactory areas as well as the neocortex. The medial septal nucleus, the nucleus of the diagonal band and the basal nucleus send cholinergic fibers to the cortex: the striatum, neo- and ventral, receives fibers from the cortex and the claustrum has reciprocal cortical connections. In their neocortical relationships there are marked similarities between these groups.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1983

The projection of the basal nucleus of Meynert upon the neocortex in the monkey.

After injections of horseradish peroxidase into several areas of the neocortex in the macaque monkey longitudinal bands of labeled cells in the basal nucleus of Meynert related to areas of cortex in the frontal lobe have been found to overlap along their long axes with the bands related to widely separated but interconnected areas of the parieto-temporal cortex. The frontal and parietal lobes are related to the anterior and posterior halves respectively of the nucleus, the temporal cortex to the postero-lateral margin of the nucleus and the occipital lobe to its upturned posterior extension.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Cervical wart virus infection, intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma; an immunohistological study using a panel of monoclonal antibodies.

The pattern of epithelial antigen expression has been examined in normal and disordered cervical squamous epithelium using immunohistological methods and a range of monoclonal antibodies. It was demonstrated that wart virus infection (WVI) is associated with disordered staining for a keratin-associated component and for HLA-DR antigen. Furthermore, wart-infected epithelium shows strong labelling for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and for human milk fat globule antigens 1 and 2 (HMFG1 and 2). In addition these antigens (CEA, HMFG1 and 2) are also expressed in mixed WVI and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), CIN III and in carcinoma. While these findings do not allow immunohistological discrimination between non-neoplastic and neoplastic cervical epithelia, they do provide support for the view that cellular proliferation of the type induced by papilloma virus may represent an initiator stage in the process of neoplastic transformation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Langerhans' cells in human cervical epithelium: an immunohistological study.

Langerhans' cells are intraepithelial dendritic cells believed to be important in the recognition and processing of exogenous antigens. They were demonstrated by immunohistological methods in cervical tissue obtained from 10 subjects ranging in age from 30 weeks gestational age to 62 years. Langerhans' cells were clearly delineated in all tissue sections and appear to form a relatively constant component of both the transformation zone and ectocervical epithelium. In addition to Langerhans' cells, a population of T lymphocytes characterized as predominantly T-cytotoxic/suppressor cells have also been demonstrated. The interaction between Langerhans' cells, T lymphocytes and stromal macrophages and their relation to antigen recognition is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Langerhans' cells in human cervical epithelium: effects of wart virus infection and intraepithelial neoplasia.

The distribution of Langerhans' cells and T and B lymphocytes in cervical epithelium affected by wart virus infection (WVI) and intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) has been studied by immunohistological techniques with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. In comparison with normal tissue epithelium infected by wart virus consistently showed a partial depletion or absence of both Langerhans' cells and T lymphocytes. The few Langerhans' cells which remained showed loss of their normal dendritic processes and were confined to the vicinity of the basement membrane. In contrast, epithelium from patients with CIN showed an increase in spindle-shaped Langerhans' cells associated with increased numbers of stromal and intraepithelial lymphoid cells. These findings suggest that there is a marked difference in host immune responses in these two conditions and may explain why WVI tends to persist in the epithelium while CIN is often associated with a lymphoid reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Transferrin receptors in human tissues: their distribution and possible clinical relevance.

The distribution of transferrin receptors (TR) has been studied in a range of normal and malignant tissues using four monoclonal antibodies, BK19.9, B3/25, T56/14 and T58/1. In normal tissues TR was found in a limited number of sites, notably basal epidermis, the endocrine pancreas, hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, testis and pituitary. This restricted pattern of distribution may be relevant to the characteristic pattern of iron deposition in primary haemachromatosis. In contrast to this limited pattern of expression in normal tissue, the receptor was widely distributed in carcinomas, sarcomas and in samples from cases of Hodgkin's disease. This malignancy-associated expression of the receptor may play a role in the anaemia of advanced malignancy by competing with the bone marrow for serum iron.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

A vascular endothelial cell antigen with restricted distribution in human foetal, adult and malignant tissues.

Human vascular endothelial cells were isolated by collagenase digestion of umbilical veins. Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies were raised by fusing a mouse myeloma cell line to spleen cells from mice immunized with the isolated endothelial cells. A clone was selected which produced an antibody binding strongly to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This antibody, EN 3, was shown to be directed against a major antigen on the surface of the cells, and appeared to be distinct from other antigens previously described on vascular tissues. The antibody bound to a lesser extent to umbilical artery endothelial cells and syncytiotrophoblast. Capillary endothelial cells in adult oesophageal tissues and tonsil were also labelled by the antibody, as were capillaries in a seminoma and infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast. This well defined distribution in some foetal, adult and malignant tissues suggests that there is structural heterogeneity amongst endothelial cells in different sites, which may be linked to differences in differentiation or function.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The organization of the connections between the cortex and the claustrum in the monkey.

The distribution of labelled cells and of extracellular granules in the claustrum has been studied after injections of horseradish peroxidase in several areas of the neocortex. The frontal and parietal lobes are related to the anterior and posterior halves respectively of the claustrum, and the occipital and temporal cortex to the posterior and inferior margins. Parts of the claustrum related to areas of the cortex in the frontal lobe overlap considerably in the antero-posterior dimension with parts related to widely separated but interconnected areas of the parieto-temporal cortex. Areas of cortex within one lobe which are interconnected are related to parts of the claustrum which overlap in the dorsoventral dimension.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

An immunofluorescent study of the ampicillin rash.

The aetiology of the ampicillin rash is uncertain although numerous theories have been proposed--mainly immunological. One such concerns the presence of anti-epithelial antibodies which have received conflicting reports in the literature. In this study, skin biopsies from three patients with a maculopapular ampicillin-rash were studied by immunofluorescence to investigate the presence of anti-epithelial antibodies. However immunofluorescence for IgG, IgM, IgA and C3 was completely negative so that we were unable to provide any support for this particular hypothesis.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1982

Use of monoclonal antibodies for the histopathological diagnosis of human malignancy.

This paper describes the use of a panel of seven monoclonal antibodies (selected so as to include reagents reactive with both epithelial and lymphoid cells) for distinguishing between anaplastic carcinoma and high grade lymphoma. Details are given of the immunohistological reactions of these antibodies against a wide range of both normal and malignant tissues and of a number of practical instances in which use of the antibody panel enabled a diagnosis to be made when routine histological examination had been inconclusive.

Adult↗