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Biomedical subjects

K C Calman

Publications and source records attributed to K C Calman.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Bilateral nephrectomy prior to renal transplantation.

Bilateral nephrectomy was performed in 53 patients on regular haemodialysis. The indications were pyelonephritis in 30, polycystic kidneys in 6, glomerulnephritis in 7, uncontrollable hypertension in 9 and horseshoe kidney in 1. In 87 per cent of cases the operation was carried out as a separate procedure prior to transplantation. The mortality was 9 per cent and the postoperative complications included hypotension, clotting of arteriovenous shunts, pneumonia and subphrenic abscess. As a result of our experience we have revised our indications for bilateral nephrectomy which now are pyelonephritis only when associated with persistent bacteriuria or ureteric reflux, polycystic kidneys and uncontrollable hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Ultrasound in the diagnosis of fluid collections following renal transplantation.

Ultrasound examinations of the pelvis and kidney have been carried out following 68 renal transplants. In 16 patients moderate sized or large perirenal or pelvic fluid collections were demonstrated. The composition of the fluid was lymph in seven cases, pus in four, blood in three and urine in two. Ten of these 16 patients had clinical features compatible with a pelvic fulid collection while six had no such localising features. We have found ultrasound to be extremely valuable in the diagnosis and precise localisation of pelvic fulid collections following transplantation, often at a stage before pressure effects and symptoms have appeared. It also provides a rapid and reliable means of excluding a pelvic or perirenal abscess in the pyrexial patient.

Abscess↗
PubMed1975

Small bowel extracts in the inhibition of tumour growth.

Results presented in this paper confirm earlier experiments which showed that microsomal extract of small bowel, preincubated with tumour cells, resulted in complete inhibition of tumour growth. However, experiments in vitro have shown that this effect is due to direct cytotoxicity of the extract and that (a) it is not specific for the small bowel; (b) it is not specific for tumour cells; and (c) the activity is predominantly in the mitochondrial fraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Tumour immunology and the gut.

This review set out to answer several questions related to tumour immunology and the gut. It is evident that in patients with gastrointestinal cancer there is a general depression of the immune response and this seems to be correlated with the stage of the disease. Paradoxically a specific immune response against definable tumour antigens can be demonstrated, both cellular and humoral mechanisms being involved although the complexities of this paradox require further analysis. Immunotherapy has been employed in gastrointestinal tumours in a sporadic way. The results suggest that gastrointestinal neoplasms may respond at least as well as other tumours. A firm conclusion awaits the results of controlled trials in which the bulk of the tumour has been effectively dealt with by other means or where combined immunochemotherapy is being used.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Why are small bowel tumours rare? An experimental model.

It is a well known clinical observation that small bowel tumours are rarer than tumours of the stomach or colon. The fluidity and relative sterility of small bowel contents, and rapid transit time and of the relative sterility of the small bowel itself have been suggested as possible factors contributing to this relatively low incidence. A further mechanism, that of a local immune response against malignant cells, has also been suggested and this investigation is the subject of this paper. A transplantable tumour (Gardner lymphosarcoma) was injected either into the stomach or small bowel of CBA mice, and the incidence of subsequent tumour growth was studied when the immune status of the host mouse was altered. Normal mice, mice ;deprived' by thymectomy and irradiation (T-cell-deficient mice), and ;reconstituted mice' (prepared as the ;deprived' animals but given a thymus graft) were used. The results showed that in normal and reconstituted mice more tumours arise in the stomach than in the small bowel but that in deprived mice the incidence of tumours was the same in both sites. This could be taken to suggest that local immune responses can suppress the development of tumours of the small bowel.

Animals↗