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Biomedical subjects

K C Bovee

Publications and source records attributed to K C Bovee.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of uroliths in dogs: definitive determination of chemical type.

Effective treatment and prevention of urolithiasis depends on accurate determination of the chemical nature of the uroliths. A widely used qualitative chemical procedure was compared with quantitative crystallographic analysis of 272 canine uroliths. Agreement between the 2 methods was 78%. Qualitative analysis failed to detect 62% of calcium-containing uroliths and 83% of carbonate apatite uroliths. Qualitative analysis gave false-positive results for urates in 55% of cystine uroliths. Mixed uroliths comprising 6% of the total could not be classified without quantitative analysis. Silicate, cystine, and urate uroliths generally were of pure composition. Crystallographic analysis indicated the following distribution of major types: struvite, 69%; calcium oxalate, 10%; urate, 7%; silicate, 3.5%; cystine, 3.2%; calcium phosphate, 1%; and mixed, 6%. Among dogs with struvite uroliths, 66% had positive results of bacterial culturing from the urinary bladder. Six breeds (Miniature Schnauzer, Welsh Corgi, Lhasa Apso, Yorkshire Terrier, Pekingese, and Pug) had a significantly higher risk for urolithiasis, compared with other breeds. The German Shepherd Dog had a significantly lowered risk, compared with other breeds. Two breeds had significant relationship to a specific type of urolith: Miniature Schnauzer for oxalate, and Dalmatian for urate (P less than 0.001). It was concluded that quantitative analysis, using crystallography, was superior for the detection of calcium oxalate, carbonate apatite, cystine, urate, and mixed uroliths.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Renal tubule reabsorption of amino acids after lysine loading of cystinuric dogs.

The renal reabsorption of cystine, lysine, arginine, and ornithine as well as other amino acids has been determined before and after lysine infusion in four normal and five cystinuric dogs. The large filtered load of lysine caused defective reabsorption of cystine in three of four normals and augmented the basal defect in all of the cystinuric dogs. Two of the cystinuric dogs responded with cystine clearances in excess of the glomerular filtration rate. The magnitude of increase of the reabsorptive defect for cystine observed after lysine infusion into the cystinuric dogs was unrelated to the extent of the basal defect. Two of the normal dogs and four of the five cystinuric dogs demonstrated defective arginine reabsorption after lysine loading, one of the cystinuric dogs having greater arginine excretion than the filtered load. Although normal dogs showed a moderate inability to reabsorb the large filtered load of lysine, three of the cystinuric dogs exhibited a -60 to -70% reabsorption, consistent with lysine secretion. Both normal and cystinuric dogs showed defective glycine absorption after lysine loading, but only cystinuric dogs showed variable defects in threonine, serine, histidine, methionine, and tyrosine when the basic amino acid was infused. Each cystinuric dog responded to lysine infusion in a different way, and the overall pattern of response differed from the normal, with evidence of induced secretion of cystine, lysine, and arginine in the affected dogs.

Absorption↗
PubMed1984

Postnatal development of renal tubular amino acid reabsorption in canine pups.

The renal clearance of amino acids in canine pups 5 days and 3, 8, and 12 weeks of age was studied. The 5-day-old pups had incomplete reabsorption of most amino acids. At 3 weeks, fractional reabsorption of 16 of 21 amino acids was complete; between 3 and 8 weeks, an adult pattern of reabsorption was present. Seemingly, a rapid development of amino acid transport precedes anatomic development or functional maturation of other transport systems.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

Developmental changes of glycine transport in the dog.

The renal clearance of amino acids was measured in canine pups between 5 days and 12 weeks of age. The reabsorption of glycine was incomplete at 5 and 21 days, indicating a physiologic aminoaciduria of immaturity. An adult pattern of 97-100% reabsorption appeared by 8 weeks of age. The uptake of glycine by isolated renal tubules from 5-day-old, 3-month-old and adult dogs was examined towards an understanding of the events underlying this aminoaciduria. The initial uptake of 0.042 mM glycine by isolated tubules from the newborn was lower than that of the adult, but after 30 min of incubation the newborn surpassed the adult. A steady state of uptake was not achieved by the newborn even after 90 min of incubation, while it was achieved in the adult after 30 min. The uptake by the 3-month-old tubules resembled the adult at the early time points and the newborn at later points. With 1.032 mM glycine, a similar relationship of uptake between adult and newborn tubules was found, except with this concentration, the uptake by both the newborn and adult tubules reached a steady state. The concentration dependence of glycine uptake showed two saturable transport systems with similar apparent Km and Vmax values after 30 min of incubation for all three age groups. Determination of glycine flux by compartmental analysis revealed decreased influx and efflux in the newborn, but with a greater decrease in efflux, compared to adult. These changes of influx and efflux which accompany renal tubule maturation could contribute to the increased intracellular amino acid levels and decreased reabsorption of amino acids seen in the immature dog.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Proline and glucose transport by renal membranes from dogs with spontaneous idiopathic Fanconi syndrome.

The uptake of proline and glucose by renal brush border membrane vesicles isolated from Basenji dogs exhibiting a spontaneous Fanconi syndrome was examined. The magnitude of the 1-min, Na+-gradient uptake of proline (0.02 mM) and glucose (1.0 mM) by vesicles from affected dog kidney was lower than normal. Concentration-dependent 15-sec uptake in vesicles from normal and affected dogs reveals a two-component transport system for proline and glucose. Kinetic analysis shows altered Km and Vmax values for both proline and glucose transport in the affected dogs. The data suggest that, in this model of Fanconi syndrome, the defective renal reabsorption of proline and glucose is associated with an alteration of luminal transport system.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Capillaria plica infection in dogs.

The prevalence, pathologic effects, and treatment of Capillaria plica infection were investigated in two breeding kennels. The prevalence of C plica infection in mature dogs in two kennels (127 dogs) was 76% and 59%. Pups less than 8 months old did not pass C plica eggs in the urine. Age, breed, or sex predilection was not observed in mature dogs. In infected dogs, hematuria, dysuria, and pollakiuria developed without secondary bacterial cystitis. A direct life cycle could not be demonstrated experimentally. Histologically, adult C plica were seen in the submucosa of the bladder and ureter, where they induced a mild inflammatory reaction and submucosal edema.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cystinuria in a maned wolf.

A renal calculus composed principally of the amino acid, cystine, was found in an 8-year-old male maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Cystine crystals were found in the urine sediment. The renal clearance of 10 amino acids was abnormal, whereas reabsorption of others was normal. The renal clearance of cystine, lysine, ornithine, and arginine exceeded the filtered load. The renal tubular handling of glucose, phosphate, sodium, potassium, and uric acid was identical to that for the clinically normal dog. These findings indicated an isolated renal tubular defect for cystine and other amino acids.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The fanconi syndrome in Basenji dogs: a new model for renal transport defects.

The renal defects resulting in a Fanconi syndrome were seen in eight Basenji dogs by measuring renal clearance and in vitro amino acid and sugar uptake and performing histopathologic evaluations. Renal tubular handling of glucose, phosphate, sodium, potassium, uric acid, and amino acids was abnormal, and in vitro uptake of labeled lysine, glycine, and alpha-methyl-D-glucoside by renal cortical slices was impaired. Histopathology was normal except for enlarged nuclei in some renal tubule cells. These Basenji dogs, which may be genetically affected, represent a likely model for idiopathic Fanconi syndrome in humans.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

Liquid membrane capsules for treatment of uremia.

The objective of the program is to use ingested liquid membrane capsules (LMC) as gastrointestinal toxin traps as an adjunct to dialysis. Urea has been selected as the model toxic component to study before expanding the technology to other toxins. Transport across the small intestinal mucosa has been indicated to be adequate. There is no indication of reduction of mucosal transport or damage to the intestinal mucosa over short term but repetitive LMC perfusions. Performance of LMC perfused through Thiry Vella small intestinal loops is as good as in vitro performance and can be predicted. Substantial progress has been made toward developing LMC to perform in the more complex environment of the intact gastrointestinal tract. The demonstration of LMC performance in vivo with intact gastrointestinal tracts, and perhaps some increase in rate of toxin removal, will be required before LMC can be considered practical candidates for clinical use.

Administration, Oral↗