Traumatic transection of the thoracic aorta as presented at Nursing Grand Rounds.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
K Brown
Publications and source records attributed to K Brown.
Cohort study of silastic obstetric vacuum cup deliveries: I. Safety of the instrument.
A prospective study was undertaken to determine the safety of the Silastic vacuum extractor. Between November 1982 and July 1983, a cohort of 84 successful vacuum extractor deliveries was examined, using the next sequential forceps delivery and spontaneous vaginal delivery as controls. In addition to routine neonatal morbidity measures, Scanlon early neonatal neurobehavioral scale and a modified Sarnat encephalopathy staging examination were used to critically assess neurologic functioning; a cranial ultrasound scan was performed to look for intracerebral hemorrhage, and an indirect ophthalmologic examination was done to assess the incidence of retinal hemorrhage. The study yielded no significant increase in maternal vaginal trauma for vacuum extractor versus spontaneous vaginal delivery, but there was a significantly greater incidence for forceps delivery (60%) versus vacuum extractor (25%) and more associated blood loss for forceps delivery (P less than .01). There was no significant increase in neonatal morbidity for vacuum extractor compared with forceps delivery nor in serious morbidity compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery. Specifically, for vacuum extractor versus forceps delivery there was no difference in one- and five-minute Apgar scores, extent of resuscitation, cosmetic injury, jaundice, mean neonatal intensive care unit stay, or incidence of retinal hemorrhage. Notably, there was no mortality related to delivery method, but there were two unrelated deaths. There were no cases of intraventricular or subgaleal hemorrhage on clinical or ultrasound examination, but one stillborn infant, who succumbed to a generalized coagulation defect, had a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Finally, there was no significant difference in Sarnat encephalopathy staging or Scanlon neurobehavioral assessment between spontaneous vaginal, forceps, and vacuum extractor deliveries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Apgar Score↗
Cytogenetic effects of cyclamates.
PHA-stimulated human peripheral lymphocytes were used as a model system for assessing the in vitro effects of calcium cyclamate. Techniques of autoradiography, cytological staining, cell counting, liquid scintillation and karyotyping were used to study the cytogenetic damage and biochemical effects of calcium cyclamate when assayed in 24 hour intervals for 96 hours. The cells were exposed to 10(-2) and 10(-3) molar concentrations of calcium cyclamate in TC 199 medium with fetal calf serum and antibiotics. These studies were carried out in three (3) phases. Phase I was primarily orientation studies of the effects of cyclamates and included running preliminary test checks, the establishment of parameters of dosage, assessing growth patterns and selecting key chromosomal aberrations. Sixty four (64) of the metaphase spreads showed morphologically detectable changes and aberrations. It was also noted that the addition of cyclamate increased mitotic rate of lymphocyte cells in cultures. Phase III arranged research designs to determine more precise characterization of chromosomal observations and morphological effects. Among other findings it was noted that of 13 types of observations only ten were found in the experimental group. The introduction of cyclamates increased the stability of the leucocyte cultures. These studies reinforced the findings on the increase of mitotic rate. Phase III extended protocols to include autoradiography and scintillation counting. It was determined that calcium cyclamate impaired the synthesis of deoxribonunucleic acid (as depicted by decreased incorporation of tritiated thymidine), reduced grain counts in autoradiographs and increased chromosome aberrations in cyclamate treated PHA stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Morphological changes and growth rates showed significant effects. These studies indicate that calcium cyclamate has variable significant effects on leucocytes growth and chromosome morphology.
Autoradiography↗
Isoprene synthesis in isolated embryonic Drosophila cells. II. Regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity.
We used an established Drosophila cell line (Kc cells), which neither synthesized nor required cholesterol for growth, to determine if sterol and nonsterol modulators of vertebrate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity were also active in this biological system. Drosophila HMG-CoA reductase was membrane-bound and required NADPH for catalysis. In contrast to the vertebrate enzyme, Kc cell HMG-CoA reductase activity was not modulated by cholesterol (10 micrograms/ml), human low density lipoprotein (83 micrograms of cholesterol/ml), or oxygenated sterols (5-10 micrograms/ml). However, mevalonate caused a rapid strong suppression of Kc HMG-CoA reductase activity; 18 microM R-mevalonate produced 50% suppression of the enzyme within 24 h. Compactin, a competitive inhibitor, decreased HMG-CoA reductase activity in Drosophila embryo cell-free extracts with an apparent Ki of 1.0 nM. Kc cells, grown in the presence of compactin, had a HMG-CoA reductase specific activity 5- to 10-fold higher than untreated cells. Mevalonate blocked this increase. We have concluded that HMG-CoA reductase activity in Kc cells is (a) not responsive to feedback inhibition by sterols, and (b) is controlled by a fundamental sterol-independent regulatory process. The signal for modulation of HMG-CoA reductase activity may be mevalonate and/or its magnitude conversion to a nonsterol isopentenoid precursor and/or end product. These observations may have broader validity, not only for other insect cells, but for eukaryotic cells in general.
Animals↗
Immunological evidence for two distinct chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core proteins: differential expression in cartilage matrix deficient mice.
The expression and core protein structure of two proteoglycans, the major cartilage proteoglycan isolated from a rat chondrosarcoma and a small molecular weight chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan isolated from a rat yolk sac tumor, have been compared. The cartilage proteoglycan was not detectable in the cartilage tissue of cartilage matrix deficient (cmd/cmd) neonatal mice by immunofluorescence, but the cmd cartilage did react with antibodies against the core protein of the yolk sac tumor proteoglycan. Radioimmunoassays showed that the core proteins of these proteoglycans are not cross-reactive with each other. Analysis of the core proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after chondroitinase ABC treatment of the proteoglycan revealed a large difference in their sizes. The cartilage proteoglycan core protein had a molecular weight of about 200,000 while the yolk sac tumor proteoglycan core protein migrated with an apparent molecular weight of about 20,000. In addition, the cultured yolk sac tumor cells that make the small proteoglycan did not react with antiserum against the cartilage proteoglycan. These results indicate that the proteoglycan isolated from the yolk sac tumor is similar to the small chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan species found in cartilage and support the existence of at least two dissimilar and genetically independent chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core proteins.
Animals↗
Radioimmunoassay of sodium cromoglycate in human plasma.
A sensitive radioimmunoassay method for sodium cromoglycate in human plasma is described. The lowest quantifiable concentration of sodium cromoglycate is 0.93 nmol/l when 0.1 ml plasma samples are analysed. Direct analysis of sodium cromoglycate concentrations in plasma samples collected up to several hours after the administration of single therapeutic doses of the compound is possible. An antiserum raised in a sheep, radioligand heterogeneously labelled with iodine-125, and a second antibody technique for the separation of bound and free radioligand are employed. The inter-assay coefficient of variation is less than 14% (n = 23). The range of the method is limited; both 0.01 and 0.1 ml volumes of plasma must be analysed to encompass the concentration range 0.93-139 nmol/l which may be encountered in plasma samples from patients and human volunteers. The method is specific for sodium cromoglycate as indicated by a low cross-reactivity of the anti-cromoglycate antiserum with a number of drugs.
Animals↗
Epiphysial growth after free fibular transfer with and without microvascular anastomosis. Experimental study in the dog.
The proximal fibular epiphysis was transferred in young puppies using microvascular techniques. The study demonstrated, as have previous investigators, that free epiphysial transfer without vascular anastomosis results in death of the chondrocytes of the growth plate. Histologically, the chondrocytes do not take up labelled proline, indicating diminished metabolic activity; do not take up radioactive thymidine, indicating that they are not dividing; and there is eventual disruption of the normal histological picture. In contrast, where the microvascular anastomoses re-established the blood supply to the growth plate, the epiphyses demonstrated normal histological appearance, uptake of radioactive proline and thymidine and continued to grow but at a slightly diminished rate. It is concluded that continued growth can occur after free vascularised epiphysial transfer in the dog.
Animals↗
Physical Aspects of Fruit Growth: STRESS DISTRIBUTION AROUND LENTICELS.
The skin around a lenticel on a soft fruit has been modelled as a thin elastic plate with a rigid circular inclusion and applied tensile loads at the edges. A solution for the stress distribution in the skin has then been found using the linear theory of elasticity. From that solution the severity of the stress concentration and the location and form of initial cuticular failure have been deduced, the latter two being in broad agreement with observed crack initiation in the cuticle of grapes.
Journal Article↗
Food preference following acute or chronic chlordiazepoxide administration: tolerance to an antineophobic action.
Chlordiazepoxide (CDP) at 15 mg/kg produced two distinct actions in a food preference test, firstly a general appetite-enhancing effect, and secondly an anti-neophobic effect. Following acute injection of CDP the rats changed from eating predominantly familiar food to a novel food. This may signify an anti-neophobic effect of CDP. However, following 10 days of treatment with CDP, the anti-neophobic effect was abolished and the choice of familiar food was enhanced. This could be an indication of a more general appetite-enhancing effect. Hence some form of tolerance may develop to CDP's effects over 10 days of treatment which selectively abolishes anti-neophobic action whilst leaving the appetite effect further enhanced. There were no indications of tolerance developing to the actions of CDP in animals familiarized with all the test foods before the preference test was run. Hence the presence of food novelty may be critical to the observation of some form of selective tolerance.
Animals↗
A comparison of patient self-report and physicians' observations in a psychiatric outpatient clinic.
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Adjustment Disorders↗
Physical Aspects of Fruit Growth : THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION OF SURFACE GROWTH FORCES IN FRUIT IN RELATION TO CRACKING AND SPLITTING.
The theory of shells has been applied to some aspects of the physics of fruit growth. Four form and structural attributes are identified which may intensify mechanical stress in the skin of a growing fruit and alter the distribution of that stress. One is a radius-related factor introduced by deviation of shape from that of a sphere and the other three are related to attachment of a fruit to a plant and to provision of a vascular system: core diameter, core tensile strength, and structure of the core/skin interface. The last factor also applies in principle to a hole which may be introduced for example at the style canal. These factors either alone or in combination can cause stresses far in excess of those predicted for a spherical shell of similar volume and wall thickness. They are considered in relation to their effect on fruit morphogenesis and the occurrence of disorders such as rainfall-induced splitting and cracking.
Journal Article↗
Thyroid function and physical activity. A preliminary communication.
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Adult↗
Volunteer/staff relations: what goes wrong and what can we do about it?
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Hospital Volunteers↗
Inoperable rectal cancer.
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Activities of Daily Living↗
Mechanisms of 'inducer exclusion' by glucose.
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Adenylyl Cyclases↗
Purification, radioimmunoassay, and distribution of human brain 14-3-2 protein (nervous-system specific enolase) in human tissues.
Human 14-3-2 protein, a nervous-system specific enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) isoenzyme, has been purified from human brain and a sensitive radioimmunoassay has been developed for its detection. A systematic survey of human organs has shown that immunoreactive nervous-system specific enolase is present in all human organs but at levels less than 3% of those found in human brain, with especially low levels in liver, kidney and skeletal muscle, and with the highest levels in adrenal and large intestine. In all organs immunoreactive nervous-system specific enolase occurs in two forms representing the heterodimer and homodimer forms of the enzyme, and in all tissues except brain the heterodimer predominates. The presence of nervous-system specific enolase in other organs is unlikely to be explicable by innervation alone since significant quantities are found in red blood cell haemolysates. Tissues which contain amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cells, for which the protein has been claimed to be a specific molecular marker, do not contain significantly higher levels of immunoreactive nervous-system specific enolase than other tissues. Both the heterodimer and homodimer forms of the enolase appear to be expressed at low levels in all tissues.
Amino Acids↗
Shock-induced defensive fighting in the rat: evidence for cholinergic mediation in the lateral hypothalamus.
Bilateral microinjections of scopolamine into the lateral hypothalamus significantly reduced shock-induced defensive fighting, without altering jump threshold values. Further investigation of the lateral hypothalamus demonstrated that (1) fighting increased in response to bilateral microinjections of physostigmine and carbachol, (2) social attraction remained unaltered following scopolamine treatment, (3) neither motor co-ordination nor motor activity was significantly affected by any of the treatments.
Aggression↗