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Biomedical subjects

K Boddy

Publications and source records attributed to K Boddy.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The relation between potassium in body fluids and total body potassium in healthy and diabetic subjects.

1. The concentration of potassium in the erythrocytes and the plasma of forty-one normal subjects and twenty-five diabetic patients was measured and the results were used to calculate the total amount of potassium in the erythrocyte mass and the total amount of potassium in the plasma. The total body potassium was measured in a whole-body monitor. 2. In normal subjects a close correlation was found between total erythrocyte potassium and total body potassium and also between total plasma potassium and total body potassium. 3. The regression relation between total body potassium and total erythrocyte potassium in normal subjects was used to predict the total body potassium in diabetic patients. There was reasonable agreement between the measured and predicted total body potassium but there was poor agreement between the measured total body potassium and that predicted from the patient's height and age or height and age or height, weight and age.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A study of changes in whole-body calcium, phosphorus, sodium and nitrogen by neutron activation analysis in vivo in rats on a calcium-deficient diet.

1. A method of measuring changes in the total body content of calcium, phosphorus, nitrogen and sodium in rats by activation analysis in vivo is described. 2. The change in the body content of the elements has been measured in rats on a calcium-deficient diet and in control animals, the body nitrogen being used to represent lean body mass for normalization. 3. There were siginificant differences in Ca/N and P/N but not in Ca/P ratios between the animals on a deficient diet and control animals at the end of the dietary period.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Total thyroidal content of iodine in thyrotoxic patients measured by in vivo neutron activation analysis.

This paper describes an in vivo method for measuring total thyroidal iodine stores by activation analysis, its evaluation and measurements in thyrotoxic patients. There was good correlation between measurements of solutions of iodine and post-mortem thyroids by activation analysis and chemical analysis. Measurements in thyrotoxic patients showed low levels in untreated and treated (antithyroid drugs) patients and a marked increase in patients studied whilst in clinical remission. The practical importance of this method of measurement of thyroidal iodine stores is that it is a reliable in vivo measurement obtained at a single visit and should enable the definition of the relationship of thyroidal iodine stores to pathophysiology and prognosis.

Activation Analysis↗
PubMed1976

The effects of pentobarbitone and pethidine on foetal breathing movements in sheep.

1 Small doses of pentobarbitone (4 mg/kg i.v.) administered to sheep in the last third of pregancy had little overt effect on the mothers. In the foetus they caused arrest of breathing movements, an alteration in the character of the electrocorticogram and cardiovascular changes which varied with gestational age. 2 In contrast, relatively large doses of pethidine (100-200 mg) admininstered to the mother had no consistent effect on normal foetal breathing movements, though they abolished the foetal response to hypercapnia. 3 The results are discussed in relation to feotal sleep state.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Total body potassium in cor pulmonale.

Total body potassium was measured in 12 patients with cor pulmonale, by determination of potassium-40, a naturally occurring radioisotope. In all subjects the observed value of total body potassium showed no significant depletion when compared with that predicted from height and age. All previous studies in similar groups of patients have been confined to the estimation of exchangeable potassium by the technique of isotope dilution. Results using the latter technique have shown gross potassium depletion. It is suggested that the apparent disparity between total body potassium and exchangeable potassium could be explained by the requirement for a longer equilibration period when using isotope dilution techniques in patients who are in chronic hypoxaemic state.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Influence of muscular development, obesity, and age on the fat-free mass of adults.

Body fat and the fat-free mass (FFM) were estimated in 36 men and 43 women deliberately chosen to represent a variety of physical types; these were 1) young sedentary, 2) "muscular," 3) younger obese, 4) older obese, and 5) older nonobese individuals of both sexes. The body fat and the FFM were estimated from measurements of body density (by total immersion in water, measurement being made of the residual volume of air present in the lungs at immersion) and from measurements of total body potassium (using a whole-body monitor to assess the natural 40K isotope present in the body). The muscular men and women and the younger obese men and women had a considerably greater FFM and thus had greater quantities of potassium than the corresponding sedentary groups. There were significantly different estimates of the FFM calculated from density and from total body K in three groups, the sedentary young men, the muscular, and the younger obese women. The density and the potassium content of the FFM appear to decline with obesity and aging. Muscular development is associated with a decrease in the density but an increase in the potassium content of the FFM.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1976

Total body potassium content in males with X and Y chromosome abnormalities.

Total body potassium has been measured in chromatin positive males (Klinefelter's syndrome) and males with a 47,XYY karyotype. In patients with an extra X chromosome the level of potassium was very significantly less than in normal males. Its concentration referred to lean body mass, estimated from the patient's height and weight, was also greatly reduced and not significantly different from values found in normal women. In 47,XYY males individual values were low but there was no reduction in the mean value for the group if allowance was made for the obesity of some XYY subjects. The significance of these findings, however, is difficult to assess as their height frequently exceeded that of the controls on which the predicted potassium values were based. From these findings it would seem that when characteristics which are normally associated with the female sex occur in males, as in Klinefelter's syndrome, there is also a reduction in body potassium either in the total content or the lean tissue concentration, or in both. By comparison, 47,XYY males appear to be more normal in these respects but further normal data is required in order to interpret the results. The possibility that abnormal androgen production in the chromatin positive men may be influencing the potassium levels is the subject of further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Potassium supplements in patients receiving long-term diuretics for oedema.

Plasma, blood cell, and total body potassium levels were measured serially in 21 patients receiving long-term diuretics for the treatment of cardiac oedema and the results compared with similar measurements in 10 control subjects. Initially, all diuretic recipients received potassium chloride supplements. However, in 17 of the 21 subjects these were discontinued and measurements of potassium status were repeated regularly thereafter. No significant fall in the measured indicators of potassium status were observed in the patients in whom potassium was withdrawn; however, in one subject with persistent cardiac failure who presented with hypokalaemia this was not corrected even after intensive potassium supplementation. It is concluded that for those taking a normal diet who are free of any major gastro-intestinal disorder, routine potassium supplementation is unnecessary, and might indeed occasionally prove harmful.

Bendroflumethiazide↗
PubMed1975

Total body potassium in children, with particular reference to coeliac disease.

1. Total body potassium was measured, by wholebody counting, in children with coeliac disease and in children not having this disease, matched as closely as possible with respect to sex, height, weight and age. 2. The measured total body potassium in children with coeliac disease was not significantly different from that in the matched children. 3. The problems associated with such measurements, particularly those of interpretation, are considered.

Body Height↗
PubMed1975

Measurement of calcium in sections of a human skeleton using a reactor spectrum-in vivo activation analysis technique.

Factors influencing the precision of measuring changes in the calcium content of sections of bone, including vertebrae, using reactor neutrons for partial body in vivo activation analysis have been examined and quantified. These factors include (a) the choice of incidient neutron spectrum, (b) the uniformity of activation with depth in the body, (c) reproducibility, (d) interfering reactions, (e) sensitivity and (f) dosimetry. It is concluded that an overall precision of 2.8%-3.2% (coefficient of variation) can be attained with a neutron dose of 50 mrad or 3-4% with a dose as low as 20 mrad.

Activation Analysis↗
PubMed1975

A high sensitivity dual-detector shadow-shield whole-body counter with an 'invariant' response for total body in vivo neutron activation analysis.

The development of a dual-detector shadow-shield whole-body counting system of high sensitivity is described. The sensitivity and performance of the counter are analysed, with specific references to total body in vivo neutron activation analysis, and shown to be at least comparable with those of many conventional shielded-room counters.

Activation Analysis↗
PubMed1975

Fetal breathing.

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Animals↗
PubMed1975

The distribution and retention of cadmium 115m in the rat following injection into the prostate.

The gonadal effects produced by injection of cadmium in the rats are well known. The effects of direct injection into the prostate are less well understood. The present experiments indicated the retention of cadmium by the various lobes of the rat prostate following direct injection of radioactive cadmium into the organ. The cells of the prostate are capable of retaining cadmium in measurable amounts up to at least 6 weeks following the injection. The subcellular fractions were measured with respect to cadmium activity and these are indicated. In addition measurements were made in organs which are known to be affected by cadmium, that is, kidney and the testicle. The affinity of the kidney for cadmium is confirmed. The areas of the prostate gland with a high zinc content appear to retain less cadmium than areas of the gland which are known to have a low zinc content. This suggests a possible zinc protective mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Whole body potassium in patients with ureterosigmoid anastomoses.

Total body potassium was measured by whole body counting in 11 patients with uretero-sigmoid anastomoses who had undergone cystectomy 4 months to 13 years previously. The measured total body potassium was not significantly different in any of the patients from the "normal" value for the individual patients, predicted from height and age. It was only significantly different from that predicted from height, age and weight in 1 patient. In the series as a whole, the measured values of whole body potassium were not significantly different from the "normal" values estimated by either relationship. From measurements of skinfold thickness, the lean body mass of each patient was estimated. The mean potassium content, 62-0 mEg/kg LBM in the male patients was within the normal range. The absence of potassium depletion may derive from the successful abolition of hyperchloraemic acidosis by long-term alkali therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Potassium metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Effects of treatment with depot tetracosactrin, spironolactone, and oral supplements of potassium chloride.

(1) Plasma and urine electrolytes and whole body potassium have measured before and after a 2-week administration of depot tetracosactrin 0.5 mg on alternate days to eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA.) The effects of adding supplements of potassium chloride (48 mmol/d) and spironolactone 200 mg daily have been investigated. (2) Acute changes in red blood cell water and potassium content, plasma electrolyte concentration, and plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid levels were measured for 48 hours after a single intramuscular injection of 0.5 mg depot tetracosactrin in six patients with RA. (3) The measured total body potassium was significantly less than that predicted from the height, weight, and age formula in patients with RA. (4) Treatment with depot tetracosactrin resulted in an acute fall in plasma and red cell potassium independent of external potassium loss. (5) Two weeks of treatment with depot tetracosactrin resulted in hypokalaemia and a rise in plasma sodium and bicarbonate. There was no associated electrocardiogram changes or a rise in blood pressure. (6) Neither oral potassium supplements nor spironolactone altered total body potassium. (7) The significance of the findings and the physiological mechanisms underlying them are discussed.

Adult↗