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Biomedical subjects

K Bhatia

Publications and source records attributed to K Bhatia.

143 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and HLA antigens in Papua New Guinea.

HLA phenotypes were studied in 57 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic Papuan patients and the results compared with control subjects of the same Austronesian origin. An association was found between disease and BW62, a split antigen of B15, with corrected probability significant at the 5% level. The frequencies of B13 and BW22 were also increased in diabetic patients but the differences were not statistically significant. Although it has been postulated that Melanesian communities have protection against diabetes, they have a high frequency of BW62, which would imply, from the association found in this study, that susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes has yet to become manifest in them.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

HLA-A,B,C and DR antigens in Asaro speakers of Papua New Guinea.

The HLA profile of the Asaro speakers of Papua New Guinea exhibits restricted polymorphisms. Antigens like AW24, MT1, and MB1 were present in almost every individual assayed. A CW6-related antigen and a DR locus antigen FT19 (a split of DRW6), not previously found in Pacific populations, were observed in a significant number of individuals. Ancestral HLA-B,C haplotypic combinations, such as B13, CW4 and BW60,CW3, were frequently found. Preliminary evidence is provided for an association between BW62 and CW65 in this population. The observed distributions of multiple-locus heterozygosities are similar to those expected under the null hypothesis of linkage equilibrium. The results indicate that the Asaro, among other highland populations, have been isolated long enough for pre-existing linkage disequilibria at recombinational distances of 0.8% or more (such as occur with HLA-A,B and HLA-B,DR haplotypes) to have broken down.

Black People↗
PubMed1984

Steroid metabolism in corpora lutea of the western spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius latifrons).

The present study reports steroid metabolism by corpora lutea (CL) obtained from skunks with diapausing embryos ('delay' CL) and with activated embryos (activated CL). CL from both reproductive periods were incubated with various radioactive precursors. Control incubations without any tissue or with 50 microliter of packed skunk blood cells were also conducted simultaneously. Incubation of skunk CL with [3H]-pregnenolone for 3 h resulted in 36% of the precursor accumulating as progesterone. Metabolism of [3H]dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to androstenedione proceeded with approximately the same amount of product accumulating (34-46%) as was observed in the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone. These results suggest that delta 5 isomerase, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, is the most prominent enzyme in skunk CL. Metabolism of [3H]pregnenolone to 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone and [3H]progesterone to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone occurred at low rates (1-7%), suggesting the presence of C21 steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase in skunk CL. Aromatase activity, as estimated by measuring accumulation of oestradiol-17 beta from [3H]testosterone, was demonstrated in activated CL. These results suggest that skunk CL appear to metabolize steroids in a manner similar to CL of other mustelids such as the ferret and American badger.

17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone↗
PubMed1983

A population genetic study of the Banks and Torres Islands (Vanuatu) and of the Santa Cruz Islands and Polynesian Outliers (Solomon Islands).

As part of a multidisciplinary survey of populations in the Banks and Torres Islands of Vanuatu and the Southern and Central Districts of the Solomon Islands, nearly 2,400 persons have been tested for ABO blood groups and a number of serum protein and red cell enzyme genetic marker systems. For the ABO system, the populations are characterized in general by high gene O and low gene B frequencies except in two of the Polynesian Outlier Islands, Rennell and Bellona, which have high frequencies of B. Among the serum proteins, several alleles have distributions indicating significant movement of people between islands. These include Albumin New Guinea and the transferrin alleles TfD1, and TfBLae, and TfB2. Similar specific alleles for red cell enzymes also show distributions reflecting interisland population movement as well as contact with persons from outside the southern Pacific region. Examples are ACPR1 in the acid phosphatase system, PGM31 and PGM71, PGM92, and PGM102, PGK4 and also HbJTongariki. The data available for 11 polymorphic systems were used to generate genetic distances. Of the four Polynesian Outlier Islands, Anuta is most remote genetically, with Rennell and Bellona also relatively isolated. The fourth Polynesian Outlier, Tikopia, occupies a position genetically close to the Melanesian populations of the Banks and Torres Islands and the southern Solomons. The history of early European contact and voyaging in the Pacific, as well as archaeological and linguistic evidence and local legends, indicate that significant movements of people occurred between islands and provided opportunities for genes to be introduced from Europeans, Africans, and Asians. The genetic marker studies give evidence for genes from all these sources, though at a low level. Despite this admixture, the Polynesian Outlier and Melanesian populations have preserved their own distinctive genetic patterns.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1978

Lectin studies. III. A survey of phytohemagglutinins: interaction of lectins with erythrocytes of ten vertebrate species.

Extracts of seeds from 79 plant species were tested for agglutinating and lytic activity with the red cells of ten vertebrate species (man, monkey, rabbit, rat, goat, sheep, guinea pig, horse, fowl, dog). Of these extracts, 24 were hemagglutinating and 15 were hemolytic. The results suggest that some lectins can serve as useful diagnostic reagents in distinguishing the blood of one animal species from that of another.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Isonymy in a Bhatia leut.

Isonymy has been described in a North Indian Hindu Community, which shows surname exogamy. A modification is suggested in the formula of Crow and Mange for the estimation of FIS to make it applicable to populations exhibiting clan exogamy. The values of FIS obtained by different methods are compared.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Report of an International Network of Cancer Treatment and Research workshop on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in developing countries.

The International Network of Cancer Treatment and Research (INCTR) recently organized a workshop on non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) in selected developing countries with the purpose of examining existing information relating to the pathology and management of these neoplasms, and identifying potential areas for research. This report provides a summary of the information presented and is focused primarily on the pathology of NHLs in children and adults. In most countries, the WHO classification of lymphomas was used and most participating centers included immunohistochemistry using a wide array of lymphoid antibodies as part of routine diagnosis. Some of the series had been reviewed by an external panel of experts. B-cell lymphomas accounted for 82-88% of all NHLs. The proportions of chronic lymphatic leukemia (4-6%), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL, 3-5%), and plasmacytoma (2-4%) were similar in the series presented. However, there was a significant variation in the proportion of follicular lymphoma (FL), which accounted for 15% and 11% in India and Kuwait, but less than 5% in Pakistan and Egypt. All of these frequencies are significantly lower than those reported in Western series. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma accounted for about 35% of cases in India but for more 50% in other countries, but this difference was not accounted for by an increased incidence in a single lymphoma subtype in India, but rather an apparent paucity of several subtypes (such as mantle cell and marginal zone lymphomas (MZL)) in other series. There were relatively high frequencies of Burkitt lymphoma in Egypt (7%) and precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in India (6-7%). Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) (not otherwise specified and angioimmunoblastic subtypes) accounted for 3-5% of NHLs, and extranodal lymphoma of T/NK cell type was rare (<1%). These differences in the relative proportions of NHL subtypes among developing countries and between developing countries and the rest of the world presumably arise from differences in environmental and genetic factors that influence lymphomagenesis and strongly suggest that more research in developing countries would provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of lymphoid neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High frequencies of alpha-thalassaemia are the result of natural selection by malaria.

The frequency of alpha+-thalassaemia, but not other unlinked DNA polymorphisms, exhibits an altitude- and latitude-dependent correlation with malaria endemicity throughout Melanesia, supporting the hypothesis that protection against this parasitic disease is the major factor responsible for the high frequencies of haemoglobinopathies in many parts of the world.

Altitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Red cell enzyme and serum protein types in the Watut Anga of Papua New Guinea.

Historically, the Angan populations of Papua New Guinea have maintained a strong isolation and absorbed limited genes from their neighbours. This lack of intermixing is reflected in their relatively homogeneous cultural, linguistic and genetic profiles. We have determined the electrophoretic variation at 26 red cell enzyme, serum protein and haemoglobin loci in the Watut Anga, a splinter group occupying the Upper Watut Valley of Morobe Province. Their genetic profile reveals the lack of a number-of variants, such as PGM2*10 and MDH*3, known to exhibit high frequencies in other highland populations. The average heterozygosity in the Watut is also much lower when compared with other Papua New Guinean populations. Their present numerical strength notwithstanding, it appears that the Angan populations have experienced population bottlenecks in their evolutionary history which may have accentuated their genetic divergence from other Papua New Guinean populations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative expression of TEL in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 12p in human precursor B-cell ALL invariably results in loss of TEL coding sequences. Accompanied by a 12;21 translocation, such loss of heterozygosity ensures complete loss of the wild-type TEL. No inactivating mutations of the retained TEL allele have been reported in leukemias with hemizygous deletion. However, only minimal data reported the expression of the wild-type TEL in ALL. We now demonstrate that quantitative real-time RT-PCR from leukemic RNA samples could be indicative of compromised TEL expression in childhood ALL and therefore loss of TEL function.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HLA-DQA1 genotyping by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and restriction endonuclease digestion in Papua New Guinea.

We have used PCR-SSCP, a technique based on the conformation of single-stranded DNA, to characterize the HLA-DQA1 gene in four geographically diverse population groups in Papua New Guinea. Among the 294 individuals that were studied from Goroka, north coast of Madang, Kimbe and Wanigela, we detected 5 of the 20 known variants of this gene locus. These included alleles 0101, 0102, 0103, 0301 and 0501. Furthermore, variable mobility shifts observed for alleles 0301 and 0501 from Madang suggested a further 3 variants. All 15 combinations of the 5 confirmed alleles were detected and their respective gene frequencies found to be consistent with the groups' ethnic and linguistic diversity. In respect to their frequencies and the observed overall allelic heterozygosity, the distribution in Kimbe showed some similarity to that in the north coast of Madang while Madang and Goroka were the most different. The distribution of alleles 0102 and 0501 was observed to be similar for Goroka and Wanigela as was 0301 for Madang and Wanigela. Our results, confirmed by endonuclease digestion, show PCR-SSCP to be a highly sensitive technique that can be used to characterize HLA-DQ antigens. In addition, the simplicity of the method provides an opportunity for large-scale typing of HLA antigens.

Alleles↗