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Biomedical subjects

K Bergmann

Publications and source records attributed to K Bergmann.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Rioprostil, a new prostaglandin E1, prevents cyclosporin A-induced damage to endocrine and exocrine pancreas.

The possibility that rioprostil can prevent cyclosporin A-induced damage to the pancreas is investigated. Cyclosporin A is given to rats once daily intragastrically in doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight. These doses cause dose dependent significant reduction of insulin release and enzyme secretion from the arterially perfused isolated pancreas. The subcutaneous injection of rioprostil, 15 micrograms/kg twice daily, could completely prevent the effects of 5 mg/kg cyclosporin A on insulin release and could completely prevent the effects of 5 mg/kg cyclosporin A on insulin release and could completely prevent the effects of 5 mg/kg cyclosporin A on insulin release and could also afford significant protection from the effects of 10 and 20 mg/kg cyclosporin A on both insulin release and enzyme secretion. The cytoprotective action of rioprostil on the pancreas may have therapeutic implications.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Differential sensitivity of rat exocrine and endocrine pancreas to cyclosporine.

The effect of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg bw cyclosporine on rat endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function was studied. Glucose-dependent insulin secretion from the endocrine pancreas was shown to be significantly impaired 8 days after cyclosporine was given once daily at a dose as low as 5 mg/kg. CCK-8-stimulated amylase and lipase secretion were less sensitive to the noxious effect of cyclosporine being impaired at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Trypsin secretion was shown to be impaired at 20 mg/kg cyclosporine only. Our results demonstrate that cyclosporine causes dose-dependent impairment of both pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functions: the endocrine pancreas being more sensitive to the noxious action than the exocrine pancreas.

Amylases↗
PubMed1988

Prevention of toxic effects of cyclosporin on pancreatic B-cells of rats by Rioprostil, a new prostaglandin analogue.

Cyclosporin 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg bw was given to rats once daily intragastrically and caused a dose dependent, significant decrease of glucose dependent insulin release from the arterially perfused isolated pancreas, without affecting animal behaviour, weight gain, microscopic appearances of the pancreas, or kidney function. Subcutaneous injection of a new synthetic prostaglandin analogue Rioprostil 7.5 micrograms/kg bw twice daily completely prevented the effect of cyclosporin 5 mg/kg bw and protected significantly against the effects of cyclosporin 10 and 20 mg/kg bw.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Long-term implantation of a system of electrical stimulation of paralyzed laryngeal muscles in dogs.

Electrical stimulation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, synchronized with inspiration, was achieved in dogs utilizing a radio frequency stimulus triggered by a chest wall expansion transducer. This system brings about abduction of the paralyzed vocal cord for the entire duration of inspiration, which allows a normal flow of air through the larynx. The implantable part of that system was tested successfully in chronic experiments (up to 11 months) in dogs with experimental paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. We feel that the system may be suitable for pacing the paralyzed human larynx.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of the sensitivity of three instruments for the detection of cognitive decline in elderly living at home.

We followed up 181 elderly living at home over 2 years. The changes shown on a brief dementia rating scale (the Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS] were monitored. At follow-up, subjects were classified as organic or non-organic by three potential screening tools-a screening questionnaire (the Psychogeriatric Assessment Schedule), a psychometric test (the Inglis' Paired Associate Learning Test) and a dementia scale (the AMTS). The value of these as screening tools for community samples was considered as a function of their sensitivity to cognitive decline. The classifications made by each were significantly related to previous cognitive change, but all were conservative, missing many subjects who had declined. Of the three, the AMTS appeared the most useful as a predictor of previous change on the AMTS. It remains to be seen whether it is equally useful with different samples and with different measures of outcome.

Cognition Disorders↗
PubMed1987

[Long-term experimental electric stimulation of denervated laryngeal muscles in dogs. Myopathologic findings].

The recurrent laryngeal nerve was transsected unilaterally and a device for electrical stimulation of the denervated muscles was implanted in 6 dogs. After 3 to 11 months the laryngeal muscles were obtained and histopathologically demonstrated a striking neurogenic pattern. In place of homogeneous muscle fiber atrophy, a patchwork of grouped fibre atrophy, compensational hypertrophy, fibre regeneration and reinnervation as well as muscle fibre type grouping were observed. Muscle fibre type distribution in the m. cricoarytenoideus posterior, m. vocalis and m. cricothyroideus was determined and compared between the normal and denervated sites. All muscles showed some changes in the fibre type distribution, including type grouping, but these were most pronounced in m. vocalis. The average fibre diameter decreased whereas fibre size variability increased. Mixed muscle fibre atrophy with compensatory hypertrophy of a single fibre type predominated. There was no evidence of disuse atrophy. The electrically stimulated muscles could be maintained at a reduced functional level throughout the study period.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The relationship between alternative assessments of self-care ability in the elderly.

The self-care performance of 126 residents of old people's homes was assessed by self-report, informant rating and performance test. Scores on all three scales were related but associations were low and gross disagreements between measures were found in almost half of the cases. The associations between self-report and the other two measures were significantly lower than those between informant and performance ratings. There was no evidence of systematic bias in self-report related to cognitive or to affective impairment. It is probable that the three scales measure different aspects of dependency.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1984

On sources of error in the biochemical study of perilymph (guinea-pig).

Contamination of perilymph with other fluids (cerebrospinal fluid, tissue fluid, blood, endolymph) together with sampling, anaesthesia, surgical intervention or food intake of the animals may considerably affect the analytical result. The numerous possible artefacts seem to be the main reason why varying values are given in the literature for the same chemical component of perilymph. This is also partly true of cerebrospinal fluid and blood. The effect of some sources of error on selected chemical components of perilymph, cerebrospinal fluid and blood is briefly summarized.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1984

Effect of family relationships on psychogeriatric patients.

Severe strain has been repeatedly reported in the families of psychogeriatric patients. Nevertheless, many families continue to provide a great deal of support, despite the undoubted burden involved. A retrospective study of short-term outcome in 60 psychogeriatric referrals demonstrated the importance of some aspects of the relationship between the patient and their key supporting relative. In the sample as a whole, and in functional patients, the extent to which a positive communication system existed was significant. In patients with dementia, poor outcome was related to the patient being less dependent and more dominant in their interaction with the relative. The implications of this study for intervention and future research are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Respiratory rhythmically regulated electrical stimulation of paralyzed laryngeal muscles.

Electrical stimulation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, synchronized with inspiration, was achieved in dogs, utilizing a radio frequency stimulus triggered by a chest wall expansion transducer. This system brings about the abduction of the paralyzed vocal cord for the entire duration of inspiration, which allows a normal flow of air through the larynx. The stimulation system could be tested successfully in actual experiments in dogs with artificial paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Its effectiveness could be proved through observation of the vocal cord movements (photographic documentation) and recording subglottic pressure variations. Transmission of stimulation energy is effected by electrical induction.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Total lactate dehydrogenase activity of perilymph, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in unstressed and noise stressed guinea pigs].

The total activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of perilymph (PL), plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of unexposed and sound-exposed guinea pigs was examined with due consideration of the principal sources of error. To test the purity of PL samples, protein, potassium, and sodium were determined simultaneously (Table 1). The LDH was analysed fluorometrically. It was found that there are considerable differences in the LDH activities of PL, CSF, and plasma (Table 2). The mean activity of PL was three to four times higher than that of CSF and only about half that of plasma. No significant difference was found between the PL in scala tympani and scala vestibuli. The most frequent LDH values of the individual fluids (Fig. 2) were somewhat lower than the mean values calculated. Immediately (less than or equal to 60 min) after exposing the animals to wide-band noise at an intensity of 140 dB SPL for 10 min, the mean PL values of the scala tympani and scala vestibuli were found to be somewhat higher than in unexposed animals (Table 3). Eighteen hours after the exposure, slightly higher activity was only detectable in PL of the scala vestibuli. The differences were not found to be significant. The LDH values of CSF and plasma remained unchanged both less than or equal to 60 min and 18 h after noise exposure.

Animals↗