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Biomedical subjects

K B Shilkin

Publications and source records attributed to K B Shilkin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Autoantibody responses to liver-specific lipoprotein in mice.

Autoantibody to the hepatocyte membrane antigen, liver-specific lipoprotein (LSP) was induced in mice by immunization with LSP-containing protein preparations from human, rat, rabbit and mouse liver and also with purified allogeneic LSP. Each of the strains of mice used (C57B1, BALB/c, C3H) showed the capacity to produce high titre autoantibody to LSP. Autoantibody to LSP demonstrated by passive haemagglutination was absorbed by normal mouse hepatocytes but not by kidney or spleen cells and reacted with the cell membrane of normal mouse hepatocytes by immunofluorescence. The liver was examined histologically in all mice and where inflammation was found it was attributable to the Freund's complete adjuvant used in immunization rather than liver protein immunogen. The demonstration of high titre autoantibody to LSP in mice without associated hepatitis contrasts with chronic hepatitis in man and experimental chronic hepatitis in rabbits where autoantibodies to LSP have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A case of filariasis diagnosed on gastric cytology.

Cytological examination of gastric washings or brushing is a widely accepted technique used as a diagnostic aid in the detection of gastric malignancy. Occasionally, cytology may also provide valuable information concerning a variety of non-neoplastic disorders. This brief report is of the exceptional experience of finding numerous microfilariae of Loa loa type in a gastric lavage specimen. This observation led to appropriate further investigation and successful treatment.

Cytodiagnosis↗
PubMed1979

Diet, liver function and dimethylhydrazine-induced gastrointestinal tumours in male Wistar rats.

Male Wistar rats fed a normal laboratory pelleted diet, when treated s.c. with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) 10 mg/kg/wk survived the 24-week experiment, showed no signs of chemical toxicity or macroscopic liver damage, and developed mainly large-bowel tumours. Conversely, male Wistar rats treated with 20 mg/kg/wk DMH did not survive the full term of the experiment and developed ascites, pleural effusions and nodular livers. They also developed more small-bowel tumours than large-bowel tumours. The relationship between the predominant site of tumour development and dosage of DMH was highly significant.Male Wistar rats fed with an all-liquid diet (Vivonex) and treated with 20 mg/kg/wk DMH behaved quite differently both in terms of survival and site of tumour development. These rats survived the full term of the experiment, showed no signs of chemical toxicity, experienced minimal liver damage and developed predominantly large-bowel tumours. The protection afforded by the all-liquid diet against DMH toxicity and small-bowel tumour induction was statistically highly significant.A series of blood tests with special reference to liver function confirmed the highly significant degree of protection against liver damage afforded by the all-liquid diet.Sections of liver from treated rats were examined, and a simple pathological scoring system was devised which showed a highly significant difference in liver histology between standard diet and liquid-diet rats treated with 20 mg/kg/wk DMH.The results strongly suggest an association between severity of liver damage from DMH and the subsequent development of small-bowel tumours. The all-liquid diet protected rats from liver damage and these rats developed significantly fewer small-bowel tumours.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1978

Operative biopsy of the pancreas using the Trucut needle.

The results of 14 operative biopsies of the pancreas using the Trucut technique are presented. There was no significant complication attributable to the biopsy, and in all cases an adequate tissue specimen was obtained, facilitating either frozen or paraffin section histological diagnosis. One false negative result was obtained which was due to sampling error. This technique is recommended as a good alternative when operative pancreatic biopsy is required. It is technically simple, has an acceptably low sampling error, provides a good tissue specimen for histological examination, and has few complications.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Multiple hyperplastic inflammatory polyps complicating quiescent ulcerative colitis.

A patient with well-controlled and currently asymptomatic ulcerative colitis had II unusually large polypoid lesions in his colon demonstrated by barium enema X-ray examination and colonoscopy. Previous histological descriptions of inflammatory polyps did not adequately describe their morphology, and the term "hyperplastic inflammatory polyp" is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

Experimental hepatic necrosis: studies on coagulation abnormalities, plasma clearance, and organ distribution of 125I-labelled fibrinogen.

Studies in the rat with hepatic necrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride showed that the abnormalities in one-stage coagulation tests and the increased catabolism of fibrinogen were similar to those found in man with acute viral or drug-induced hepatic necrosis. Determination of the distribution of the radioactive label shows that excessive deposition was maximal in the liver but also occurred in the spleen. The appearance is delayed by heparin but accelerated by tranexamic acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

1 -Antitrypsin deficiency and neonatal hepatitis.

Five out of 28 infants investigated in a regional survey of neonatal hepatitis were found to have genetically-determined deficiency of alpha(1)-antitrypsin (ZZ phenotype). The clinical course and pathological changes varied considerably. All five infants had an acute hepatitis-like illness, and although this subsided cirrhosis later developed in three cases. The remaining two infants had minimal abnormalities of the liver function tests at 12 and 18 months of age, and one had increased hepatic fibrosis. Australia antigen was found in the serum of three infants, and Australia antigen or antibody in one or both parents of these and of one further case whose serum was negative. It is suggested that the association of neonatal hepatitis with alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency may be commoner than previously realized and that Australia antigen acts as a trigger factor in these cases.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1972

Haemorrhage as a complication of extracorporeal pig liver perfusion: studies on mechanism and prevention.

The use of extracorporeal pig liver perfusion for temporary liver support has been followed not infrequently by major bleeding with a fall in coagulation factors and platelets, rather than a rise as hoped. In 18 experimental perfusions in which (125)I-labelled fibrinogen was used as a marker there was in every instance a significant loss of the fibrinogen into the fluid supporting the liver in the perfusion chamber. Further, in 11 of the perfusions there was an additional loss into liver substance, this being associated with a very rapid fall in (125)I fibrinogen and platelets content of the perfusion fluid. Damage to the sinusoids from ischaemic damage incurred during removal of the liver could explain both the direct loss of fibrinogen and, as a result of intravascular coagulation, the associated loss within the perfused liver. No correlation could be found with biochemical function, but it proved possible to assess haematological safety before connexion of the patient to the perfusion by a shortened (125)I fibrinogen test. This was done in three patients treated by five perfusions and in none was the thrombocytopenia or coagulation disturbance adversely affected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1972

Adenoid basal carcinoma of the cervix uteri.

This paper describes a case of adenoid basal carcinoma of the uterine cervix, occurring in a woman aged 78 years. In view of the rarity and the limited knowledge of this group of neoplasms, details of the clinical history, the histological appearances, and the histochemical reactions are presented. An attempt is made to define the histogenesis of the tumour and some points on nonmenclature are discussed. It is suggested that the tumour arises from multipotential cervical basal cells and that the adenoid structures rather than being true glands are formed by degeneration of the connective tissue stroma. On the basis of a review of reported cases it seems possible that this tumour will be shown to be one of low-grade malignancy.

Aged↗
PubMed1972

Pathological findings after right lung transplantation in a patient with fibrosing alveolitis.

The pathological findings in a patient who died two months after right lung transplantation for fibrosing alveolitis are reported. The cause of death was haemoptysis, due to penetrating ulceration causing a fistula between the surface of the cartilagenous part of the main bronchus of the donor lung and the right upper lobe pulmonary artery. The opening in the donor bronchus was immediately distal to the line of the bronchial anastomosis and through an actively inflamed area. Other parts of the donor bronchus had microscopic changes suggesting ischaemia, emphasizing that inadequacy of blood supply to the donor extrapulmonary bronchus is one of the most serious hazards of lung transplantation. Within the lung, histological features of rejection were mild and there was minimal evidence of infection. Another question raised by this case is whether the donor lung was in the process of developing the original disease, evidence for which was sought electron microscopically but was not proven.

Adult↗