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Biomedical subjects

K B Hansen

Publications and source records attributed to K B Hansen.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Chromosome abnormalities in newborn children. Physical aspects.

A chromosome examination was made on 11,148 consecutively live-born children: 93 had a chromosome abnormality and 192 a chromosome variant. The physical aspects of the children with chromosome abnormalities and variants were compared with those of the children with normal karyotypes. Children with aneuploid or unbalanced chromosome abnormalities were more immature or not fully developed at birth than those with normal karyotypes. Birth weight was lower in children with all types of chromosome abnormalities, including reciprocal translocations and chromosome variants. The low birth weight in children with chromosome variants was mainly due to the low birth weight of children with G variants. These children were also subject to a higher frequency of special delivery treatment. Heart disorders were increased in children with aneuploid or unbalanced chromosome abnormalities. The frequency of foetal erythroblastosis was increased in children with short Y as well as in children with acentric fragments. Neonatal mortality was higher in children with aneuploid or unbalanced chromosome abnormalities than in children with normal karyotypes.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

Prenatal diagnosis of polycystic kidneys and encephalocele (Meckel syndrome).

Two unrelated families are presented with repeated occurrences of a congenital syndrome of which the main stigmata were polycystic kidneys and occipital encephalocele (Meckel syndrome). Prenatal diagnosis, followed by interruption of pregnancy, was performed in one case. The diagnosis was based on an increase of amniotic alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and on the mode of growth and cell types of cultured amniotic cells. In another similarly examined case the diagnosis was suspected, but the parents did not wish the pregnancy to be interrupted. The child was stillborn and malformed. AFP values are presented and discussed in relation to the observed malformations. Neural tube defects are associated with an increase of AFP in amniotic fluid, but, as in normal pregnancies, the values decrease with increasing gestational age. On the other hand, kidney malformations seem to be associated with AFP values which remain high or even increase with increasing gestational age.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

Artificial insemination in Denmark by frozen donor semen supplied from a central bank.

A central semen bank in Denmark supplied deep-frozen semen. Selection of donors, freezing technique, and practical details about transport of specimens are described. In one of the gynaecological departments supplied with frozen semen, 22 out of 30 patients who had artificial insemination became pregnant. The advantages and disadvantages of using frozen semen are discussed.

Denmark↗
PubMed1979

Fertility in women with Turner's syndrome. Case report and review of literature.

A successful pregnancy in a woman with Turner's syndrome with a 45,X/46,XX karyotype is described. The literature contains reports of a total of nine pregnancies in seven women with a 45,X karyotype and 56 pregnancies in 23 women with mosaicism and a 45,X cell line, as well as a 46,XX and/or 47,XXX cell line. Fifteen of the latter 56 pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion (27 per cent), and four ended in the delivery of a stillborn child; 12 of the 37 liveborn infants (32 per cent) had a physical or mental abnormality, and 8 (22 per cent) had a chromosome abnormality. Three had Down's syndrome, and five had a 45,X cell line. Due to the relatively high (8 per cent) incidence of Down's syndrome among liveborn infants of women with Turner's syndrome, amniocentesis for fetal karyotyping should be advised.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A prospective study on the incidence and significance of congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

Screening of 3060 neonates for congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection by virus excretion in the urine showed an overall incidence of 0.4%. The incidence was about 1% for mothers between 16 and 25 years and only 0.2% for mothers between 25 and 35. No mothers over 35 years of age gave birth to congenitally infected infants. The percentage of women in the child-bearing age susceptible to CMV infection was estimated by the absence of CMV complement-fixing antibodies in cord sera and ranged from 48% to 33% with increasing age. None of the infected infants showed obvious signs of congenital CMV infection at birth. At follow-up, two infants showed slight, but transient symptoms compatible with a foetal infection; a pair of premature twins exhibited retarded physical and psychomotor development, but this could just as well be ascribed to the prematurity itself. None of the infants had detectable CMV--IgM antibodies in cord sera, but a trend towards elevated total IgM concentration in cord sera and elevated virus excretion titres appeared in the infants with symptoms. With the very low incidence and no signs of sensomotor sequelae the preliminary conclusion is that foetal CMV infection in our population by no means has a significance to deserve screening or a vaccination programme.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Response of pulmonary (circulating) megakaryocytes to experimentally induced consumption coagulopathy in rabbits.

The effects of slow temporary infusion of a tissue thromboplastin solution into the superior vena cava on pulmonary as well as circulating megakaryocytes were studied in 40 rabbits (2-48 hours after infusion) and related to 6 noninfused and 7 infused with normal saline. This is a simple and specific method of inducing a fall in blood platelet levels and thereby an activation of thrombocytopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis. The induced intravascular coagulation is probably counterbalanced by an activated fibrinolysis allowing the animals to survive the infusion and thereby offering the possibility of studying the long-term effects. An increase to about 300% of the normal values in circulating as well as pulmonary megakaryocytes was found 20 and 24 hours after the onset of the infusions respectively. The number of circulating and pulmonary megakaryocytes, showing great individual variations, however, dropped to normal levels within 28 hours after onset of the infusions, which means that megakaryocytes remain detectable for less than eight hours in the lungs. No increase was found in pulmonary megakaryocytes in the control (saline infused) group. In our opinion the entrance of megakaryocytes from the bone marrow into the blood circulation in an incidental event, the number in the circulation reflecting the activity of megakarycocytopoiesis. This experiment supports our suggestion that intravascular coagulation is one of the major pathophysiological mechanisms leading to an increase in pulmonary megakaryocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

New aspects of the morphology of circulating megakaryocytes in rabbits.

Circulating cytoplasmatic megakaryocytes, isolated from central venous blood of rabbits by a saponinhaemolysis leuco-concentration technique, were found to have two morphological appearances: a globular and an oblong form, referring to the shape of the cells as a whole as well as to the shape of the nuclei. The nucleus was either centrally or peripherally located. Of the megakaryocytes observed, 40% were cytoplasmatic and 60% naked nuclei. Regressive changes in the residual nucleus was observed, only 1.5% showing karyorrhexis or karyolysis. Megakaryoblasts and promegakaryocytes were never encountered. The average megakarycyte content per ml central venous blood was 3.8 (range: 0-10). A not previously described cytoplasmatic-ligating process, in which the nucleus seemed to move out of the cytoplasm, forming a naked nucleus and leaving the total cytoplasm intact, was observed. We call this phenomenon "nucleus escape". The function and fate of the intravascular megakaryocytes are briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The penetration of antibody-covered spermatozoa into cervical mucus and egg white.

Autoantibodies to sperm membrane antigens may cause infertility in men. The antibodies can often be revealed in seminal plasma and the antifertility effect seems mainly to be due to hampered penetration into cervical mucus of antibody-covered spermatozoa. Recently, egg white has been used instead of cervical mucus in penetration tests. We have, therefore, compared the concentration of sperm autoantibodies in serum and seminal plasma to the ability of spermatozoa to penetrate into cervical mucus and egg white, respectively. With sperm from ten normospermic men with antibodies to sperm there was a correlation between the maximal penetration in the two different media and the cases with poor penetration were equally well revealed in cervical mucus and egg white. Penetration experiments with normal spermatozoa, treated with selected antibody-containing sera confirmed that the penetration-inhibiting effect of autoantibodies is revealed in egg white. Thus, the use of egg white in penetration tests can be of value in evaluation of cases with immunological infertility.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1978

Megakaryocytes in pulmonary blood vessels. 2. Relations to malignant haematological diseases especially leukaemia.

In a study of 71 autopsies in patients with malignant haematological disorders (55 leukaemias and 16 multiple myelomas) we found an increased number of megakaryocytes in the lung capillaries in only one of 55 cases of leukaemia (43 acute and 12 chronic leukaemias) with a mean value of 3 megakaryocytes per cm2. The incidence of pulmonary megakaryocytes in 16 cases of multiple myeloma was identical to that in an unselected, consecutive series of hospital autopsies. The discrepancy between the increased megakaryocytopoiesis and previously reported high number of circulating megakaryocytes in chronic myeloid leukaemia, and the few megakaryocytes in the pulmonary blood vessels of histological sections of autopsy specimens is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Studies of human semen in topical corticosteroid-treated and in methotrexate-treated psoriatics.

Ejaculates were studied from ten men with severa psoriasis treated with topical corticosteroids and from ten similar patients who had received methotrexate therapy from 1 to 9 years. It was not possible to demonstrate any unfavorable effect on the semen quality during the methotrexate therapy. The semen analysis was more frequently found normal (p = 0.04) in the methotrexate treated group, and no specific abnormality was found in spermatozoa of methotrexate-treated patients. Methotrexate therapy to male psoriatics seems safe and in agreement with this no congenital abnormalities have been reported. A remarkable number of the ejaculates had reduced sperm qualities, and it is proposed that this might be due to psoriatic lesions in the genital tract.

Administration, Topical↗