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Biomedical subjects

K Azuma

Publications and source records attributed to K Azuma.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Preservation of the heart with University of Wisconsin solution--hemodynamic and morphological evaluation in a canine heterotopically transplanted heart].

University of Wisconsin (UW) solution has been reported to extend the safe cold ischemic time in the preservation of the liver, kidney and pancreas. However, there have been few reports of safe cold ischemic time in heart preservation with UW solution. The purpose of this study was to find whether UW solution can extend the safe cold ischemic time in cardiac transplantation in dogs. Heterotopic cardiac transplantation was performed in mongrel dogs after cold ischemic preservation of the hearts with UW solution, ischemic time 8, 16 and 24 hours (Gr.UW8, Gr.UW16 and Gr.UW24, respectively) and with GIK solution, ischemic time 4 hours (Gr.G4) which is considered the safe cold ischemic time in clinical cardiac transplantation. The following was studied: 1) Emax of the LV, myocardial contraction, by pressure-volume curve with the volume measured conductance catheter method, 2) myocardial tissue blood flow of the LV (MTBF), with laser doppler tissue flow meter, 3) serum CPK and electron microscopical evaluation. Emax and MTBF were measured before transplantation and after reperfusion. Their results were expressed as percentage of the values before transplantation. As results, after 120 minutes from reperfusion, Emax was recovered to 94 +/- 13% in Gr.G4, 104 +/- 11% in Gr.UW8, 67 +/- 22% in Gr.UW16 and 66 +/- 16% in Gr.UW24. Emax in Gr.G4 and Gr.UW8 were significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than that in Gr.UW16 and Gr.UW24. After 120 minutes from reperfusion, MTBF was recovered to 90 +/- 19% in Gr.G4, 98 +/- 9% in Gr.UW8, 63 +/- 19% in Gr.UW16 and 61 +/- 6% in Gr.UW24.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine↗
PubMed1991

[Alteration ratio of lung field CT numbers of full inspiration to end expiration scans in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases].

The alteration ratio of lung field CT numbers in different respiratory phases was studied in 52 patients with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) and 20 subjects with normal lung. The 52 patients with COPD consisted of 30 with clinically diagnosed chronic pulmonary emphysema (CPE), 15 with suspected CPE (sCPE) and seven with bronchial asthma (BA). The 20 subjects with normal lung were divided into two groups according to age. CT images were obtained in each case under different respiratory conditions, i.e., full inspiration and end expiration. The following parameters were employed for numerical evaluation: %(I-E)Apex = (MLDApexI-MLDApexE/MLDApexE x 100 %(I-E)Mid = (MLDMidI-MLDMidE)/MLDMidE x 100 %(I-E)Base = (MLDBaseI-MLDBaseE)/MLDBaseE x 100 %(I-E)Whole = (MLDWholeI-MLDWholeE)/MLDWholeE x 100 where MLD is mean lung density and the letters I and E stand for full inspiration and end expiration, respectively. The small letters Apex, Mid, Base and Whole stand for apex cut, mid-thorax cut, base cut and whole lung, respectively. The values of %(I-E)Whole were significantly different between disease groups except for those between the sCPE and BA groups. The values of %(I-E)Whole showed a good positive correlation with FEV1.0% (r = 0.79) and V25/H (r = 0.80) and a good negative correlation RV/TLC (r = -0.75). Diagnostic differentiation of COPDs by %(I-E)Whole values identified 80% of CPE cases and 91% of normal lung cases. In the sCPE group, the values of %DLco in patients with %(I-E)Whole above 9% were smaller than those in patients with %(I-E)Whole under 9%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of pyrophillitosis by high-resolution computed tomography].

High-resolution computed tomography (HR-CT) was performed on 20 patients with pyrophilitosis. Small nodular opacities in these patients could be divided by HR-CT into two types, namely, tiny irregular branching structures (TIB) and small round opacities (SRO). TIB had a centrilobular distribution and were characteristic of pyrophillitosis. SRO had both centrilobular and perilobular distributions and were considered to be changes modified by the aspiration of silica. Large opacities (LO) of pyrophillitosis were classified into three types, that is, spherical type, flat type parallel to the bronchus and flat type parallel to the thoracic wall. The spherical type was seen in patients exposed to both pyrophillite and silica, while the flat types were seen in patients exposed to only pyrophillite and were characteristic opacities of pyrophillitosis. Pulmonary emphysema was found in only one patient with pyrophillitosis, whereas mediastinal lymph node swelling and calcification were seen in most patients with pyrophillitosis. HR-CT is useful in making a more accurate evaluation of these lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of hepatic tumors by contrast ultrasonography with carbon dioxide].

For evaluating hepatic tumors, ultrasonograms using carbon dioxide by arterial injection (CO2US) was performed in 37 patients, including 28 hepatocellular carcinomas, 11 hepatic metastases, and 3 hepatic hemangiomas. Hepatic tumors were enhanced by CO2US and easily identified. CO2US of hepatic tumors were classified into six patients. Generally, on CO2US hepatocellular carcinomas were well enhanced, and hepatic metastases had ring-like enhancement. Hepatic hemangiomas showed peripheral patchy enhancement. In the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, the primary tumors were better identified on CO2US than conventional sonography. The daughter nodules with hepatocellular carcinoma were also better demonstrated than other examinations. CO2US is helpful in evaluating and differentiating hepatic tumors.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Purification and characterization of a rat liver membrane tyrosine-protein kinase, the possible protooncogene c-yes product, p60c-yes.

A tyrosine-protein kinase was purified more than 270-fold from the rat liver plasma membrane fraction by successive column chromatographies on Sephacryl S-300, wheat germ agglutinin-agarose, casein-Sepharose, and hydroxylapatite, followed by isoelectrofocusing electrophoresis. The enzyme with pI of 6.2 was a 60-kDa single polypeptide which represented 42% of total protein. The enzyme reacted quantitatively with a monoclonal antibody to the amino-terminal sequence (Cys-3 to Ser-66) specific to the human c-yes protein, but not with antibodies to the specific amino-terminal sequences of the c-src, fyn, and lck proteins. The purified enzyme contained almost no phosphotyrosine residue but was autophosphorylated with Mg.ATP exclusively at tyrosine residues with concomitant increase in the kinase activity. The rates of autophosphorylation of the enzyme and phosphorylation of tyrosine-glutamate (1:4) copolymers, catalyzed by the enzyme were proportional to the square of enzyme concentration, suggesting that p60c-yes undergoes autophosphorylation through intermolecular catalysis, resulting in stimulation of the enzyme activity. Although the enzyme reaction showed an essential requirement for Mg2+ or Mn2+ with optimal concentrations of 20 and 3 mM, respectively, autophosphorylation significantly activated the enzyme only in the presence of Mg2+. Autophosphorylation of the enzyme reduced the Km for tyrosine-glutamate copolymers and tubulin, but not for ATP, and increased the Vmax of copolymer and tubulin phosphorylation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cerebellar hypoplasia associated with Arnold-Chiari malformation in a Japanese shorthorn calf.

A case of Arnold-Chiari malformation associated with severe cerebellar hypoplasia in a Japanese Shorthorn calf is reported. Histological examination revealed severe and extensive lesions in the cerebellar vermis. Hypoplasia of the cerebellum in Arnold-Chiari malformation appeared to indicate the abnormal embryonic development of the neural tissue, but the exact cause is not known.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of prolactin in serum and follicular fluid on fertilization and cleavage of human oocyte.

To assess the effect of PRL on fertilization and cleavage of oocytes, PRL levels in serum and follicular fluid of normoprolactinemic women who had undergone in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) were determined, and the relationship between PRL levels and fertilization and cleavage rates was studied. A transient increase in serum PRL at the ovulatory phase was found in about half of the IVF-ET patients during clomiphene stimulation, and increased levels of PRL in serum and follicular fluid at the ovulatory phase may suppress the fertilization and cleavage of oocytes.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1991

Increase in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in acute stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol is known to be a principal metabolite of brain norepinephrine and to be released into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in association with activation of the central noradrenergic system. We examined changes in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol during acute stroke to see if there might be a correlation between these and the patient's clinical state. METHODS: We measured plasma levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in 32 control subjects and in 50 patients with brain hemorrhage and 57 patients with brain infarction who were admitted to the hospital within 72 hours after onset. In addition, we estimated 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of 37 patients with brain infarction and eight control patients. RESULTS: Mean +/- SEM values for plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in the patients with brain hemorrhage and those with brain infarction were 7.3 +/- 0.5 and 6.6 +/- 0.5 ng/ml, respectively. Both values were significantly higher than that obtained in the 32 control subjects (4.6 +/- 0.3 ng/ml, p less than 0.01). Plasma levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol correlated well with state of consciousness and prognosis. The mean +/- SEM level of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in the cerebrospinal fluid of the 37 patients with brain infarction (10.9 +/- 0.6 ng/ml) was also significantly higher than that in the eight control patients (7.9 +/- 0.6 ng/ml, p less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The observed increase in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol implies that the activity of the central noradrenergic neurons may be enhanced at the onset of stroke, and these levels may be related to some extent to the clinical state and prognosis of stroke patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Review of research on sex role attitudes].

There are many indices that roles of men and women have changed during the last two to three decades. This paper reviews psychological and sociological literature, and points out the following: (a) the shift of sex role attitudes, (b) their important predictors, and (c) some of cross-cultural comparisons. Sex role attitude is defined here as a learned tendency, which consistently responds favorably or unfavorably to certain sex roles. Since the 1970s, many panel surveys and longitudinal surveys, both in Japan and in USA, show that sex role attitudes have shifted toward an egalitarian direction in many fields. Cross-cultural surveys in many countries revealed that the most important predictors of sex role attitudes are, sex, education, vocation, and age. Highly educated young women with a professional/managerial job show probably the most egalitarian sex role attitude. However, cross-cultural studies indicate that Japanese women have more traditional sex role attitudes than those in other countries.

Attitude↗
PubMed1991

[A case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung that extended to involve the mediastinum].

A 17-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of cough and fever. The chest X-ray films revealed an anterior mediastinal mass shadow. Steroid drugs and antibiotics were administered and the shadow diminished slightly. To confirm diagnosis, open thoracotomy was performed. The tumor was extended to the mediastinum, thymus and heart as well as the right middle lobe and right lower lobe. Microscopic findings of the resected tumor showed proliferation of histiocytes with infiltration by inflammatory cells, lymphocytes and fibrous tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[A case of tuberculous aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta].

A case of a 55-year-old female with tuberculous false aneurysm of the descending aorta is reported. She was admitted to our hospital on February, 1989 with hemoptysis and lumbago. Active pulmonary tuberculosis, caries of the 1st and 2nd abdominal vertebrae, and abnormal left lower mediastinal tumor shadow were confirmed by roentgenogram. Aortography and computer tomography revealed a false aneurysm of the descending aorta. After anti-tuberculous chemotherapy, fist sized false aneurysm was resected and the punch out hole of the descending aorta, 8 mm in diameter was closed successfully using partial extracorporeal circulation. Histologic examination of the aneurysmal wall revealed granulomatous formation containing numerous giant cells. She is doing well, 7 months after surgery.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1990

[Internal rotation angle measurement of the elbow with 3D reformatted CT image].

The examination of internal rotation angle at the elbow is difficult on conventional radiographs. The angle of internal rotation has been measured with three dimensional reformatted CT image of GE CT/T9800. The angle of internal rotation with the cubitus varus deformity was measured both preoperatively and postoperatively. Postoperatively the angle of internal rotation became equal on both sides. Three dimensional CT reconstruction is useful in determining the internal rotation angle of elbow.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Reciprocal/dichotomic expression of vimentin and B cell differentiation antigens in Reed-Sternberg's cells.

An immunohistochemical study of 63 cases of Hodgkin's disease was undertaken using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections. The antibodies used were against L26, LN-1, LN-2, EMA (epithelial membrane antigen), Leu-M1, Vimentin, UCHL-1, S-100, and lysozyme. Hodgkin's disease could be divided into three groups: the first group was LN-1+/L26+/vimentin-, the second LN-1-/L26+/vimentin+, and the third LN-1-/L26-/vimentin+). Sixteen cases of follicular lymphomas were also examined and were all positive for LN-1 and L26 and negative for vimentin. Thus the vimentin negativity of the first group, including 7 nodular lymphocyte-predominant cases, gives further evidence of their germinal center B-cell origin. Since vimentin is expressed mainly in the immature stage of B-lymphocytes, the second group of Hodgkin's disease may represent immature B-cell Hodgkin's disease. In the third group, vimentin was present in Reed-Sternberg's (RS) and Hodgkin's (H) cells in 45 of the 48 cases (92.5%). In none of 48 cases were these cells positive for S-100 or lysozyme, but strong vimentin-positivity still suggested monocytic or histiocytic origin. The results of our study suggest, at least, divergent origin of RS's and H's cells.

Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1990

Immunoglobulin deposits in diabetic microangiopathy. Observations in autopsy materials.

Non-enzymatic glycosylation of vascular wall collagen is considered to be most important in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy, and glycosylated collagens are reported to bind immunoglobulins in vivo. We investigated the occurrence of IgG or IgM deposits in the microvasculature of certain organs of diabetics using routine autopsy materials. Glomerular capillary basement membrane/endothelium was often positive for IgM in diabetics. Endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries were positive for HLA-DR in 6 of 16 diabetics and in 2 of 11 controls. This was associated with IgM or IgG deposits in 5 cases. In the esophagus and/or tongue of diabetics, IgG was frequently deposited in the microvasculature. In total, IgG deposits were found in 13 of 16 diabetics, either in the esophagus or the tongue, but in only 3 of 16 controls. The difference was significant at p less than 0.005. These observations suggest that deposition of immunoglobulins is a component of diabetic microangiopathy. Differences in expression of HLA-DR in glomeruli between diabetics and non-diabetics remain to be explored.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of 2-buten-4-olide, an endogenous suppressant of feeding, on reproductive function in rats.

The effects of 2-buten-4-olide, an endogenous feeding suppressant, on the estrous cycle and LH secretion were studied to determine the influence of this compound on reproductive function. Estrous cycling female Wistar rats were treated ip with 2-buten-4-olide (0, 30 or 100 mg.kg-1.day-1) for 2 weeks. Treatment with 100 mg.kg-1.day-1 delayed the estrous cycle. 2-Buten-4-olide increased the pituitary content of LH (1651.3 +/- 164.4 vs 927.7 +/- 65.1 ng/pituitary; p less than 0.01), and decreased the serum LH level compared with the control level in diestrus (0.16 +/- 0.01 vs 0.26 +/- 0.03 microgram/l; p less than 0.05). However, it did not affect the GnRH content of the mediobasal hypothalamus. The direct effects of 2-buten-4-olide on the pituitary response to GnRH was examined by perifusing the pituitary. Medium containing 2-buten-4-olide (10(-4) mol/l) suppressed the pituitary response to GnRH (2 micrograms/l) (percent increase at 50 min after start of GnRH stimulation: 180 +/- 47 vs 406 +/- 66%; p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that 2-buten-4-olide is involved in the regulation of pituitary gonadotropin secretion directly by suppressing the pituitary responsiveness to GnRH, and that 2-buten-4-olide may play an important role in starvation-induced anestrus.

4-Butyrolactone↗
PubMed1990

[Two cases of pulmonary leiomyosarcoma].

Pulmonary sarcoma is a rare tumor of the lung. There are 81 cases in the literature for review, including our two cases. Our first case who was a thirty-seven year old male who was admitted to our hospital with complaints of left back pain. His chest X-ray showed an 11 X 14 cm tumor shadow in the lower left lung area. A left upper lobectomy was performed, and the histological diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary vein. He died due to mediastinal recurrence 29 months later. Our other case was a fifty-six year old female. Her chest X-ray showed an abnormal shadow that was a tumor shadow in the right central lung area of 4 cm in diameter. As the diagnosis of the transcutaneous lung biopsy was benign tumor, partial resection of lung was performed. The histological diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma of the bronchus, and she is alive and well at 29 months after the operation. As the rate of diagnosis in leiomyosarcoma detected by transcutaneous lung biopsy is low, the most acceptable method of diagnosis is a total examination, including cytology of sputum, bronchoscopic findings, and roentgenoscopy. Probe thoracotomy would also be necessary if malignancy could not ruled out. The treatment of lobectomy should include lymph node resection.

Adult↗