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Biomedical subjects

K Asano

Publications and source records attributed to K Asano.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A new method of modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.

We have developed a new type of modified radical mastectomy, the method and clinical results of which are reported herein. In this operation, axillary dissection is performed by the following two approaches. Firstly, the axillary contents are dissected from the highest possible subclavicular point to the pectoralis minor muscle, after partially cutting the sternocostal origin of the pectoralis major muscle. The second approach is from the posterior aspect of the pectoralis minor muscle to the lateral portion of the latissimus dorsi muscle. Parasternal dissection can also be performed for stage II and IIIa cancers with a central or medial tumor. After lymph node dissection, the detached edge of the sternocostal origin of the pectoralis major muscle is resutured to cover the parasternal region. Thus, complete dissection of the axillary nodes is performed whilst preserving the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles. Good clinical results were achieved with respect to radicality, cosmetic effects and function in 28 patients with stage I, II, and IIIa breast cancers who were followed up for between 5 to 8 years. This new operation may therefore be adopted for the majority of patients with Stage I, II, or IIIa cancers, unless massive infiltration into the pectoralis major muscle has occurred. Preservation of both the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles results in a good cosmetic appearance, good functioning of the arm and easy reconstruction of the breast following mastectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Gene amplification and overexpression of EGF receptor in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck.

Tumours of the head and neck were examined for gene amplification and expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor by Southern blot and Western blot analyses. The EGF receptor gene was found to be amplified in four (19%) of 21 squamous cell carcinomas. The EGF receptor was overexpressed in eight (53%) of 15 squamous cell carcinomas examined, including all four tumours showing gene amplification. No amplification or overexpression of the EGF receptor gene was detected in any of nine malignant or eight benign tumours of other types of the head and neck. The tumours showing amplification and/or overexpression of the EGF receptor gene (8/15) were all identified histologically as well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, whereas none of the histologically less differentiated squamous cell carcinomas (0/9) showed amplification and/or overexpression of the EGF receptor gene. Within our sample set, no correlation was evident between amplification and/or overexpression and the clinical stage or tumour site. Our results support the possible involvement of gene amplification and overexpression of the EGF receptor in a subclass of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Identification and partial characterization of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare by using DNA probes.

We attempted to identify the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) isolated in Japan by using DNA probes specific for M. avium or Mycobacterium intracellulare (Gen-Probe Rapid Diagnostic System for MAC; Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, Calif.). The source and drug susceptibility distributions were examined. This assay system proved to be rapid, sensitive, specific, and reliable for identification of MAC and of the species as either M. avium or M. intracellulare. The DNA probe test showed that of the generally accepted MAC serovars, serovars 1 to 6, 8 to 11, and 21 belonged to M. avium and 7 and 12 to 20 belonged to M. intracellulare. Moreover, with the DNA probe test we found that the distribution patterns of M. avium and M. intracellulare isolates in Japan differed depending on the district in which MAC was isolated. The ratio of M. avium was much higher in eastern Japan. In Tokai and Shimane districts, the ratio of M. avium and M. intracellulare isolates significant in human disease was related to that of isolates from soil and house dust (natural sources). In M. avium, human disease-associated isolates were more resistant to rifampin, streptomycin, and kanamycin than were isolates from natural sources. However, this source dependence was not evident for M. intracellulare. In human disease-associated MAC, M. avium isolates were more resistant to most agents, except for quinolones, than were M. intracellulare isolates.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Leinamycin, a new antitumor antibiotic from Streptomyces: producing organism, fermentation and isolation.

Leinamycin (DC 107) is newly discovered antitumor antibiotic with an unusual 1,3-dioxo-1,2-dithiolane structure. Five different producing strains were isolated from soils collected in Japan during 1985-1988 and were taxonomically assigned as Streptomyces. Fermentation studies indicate: Leinamycin was unstable in culture broth. A chemically defined medium could be designed for a preferable production. Streptomyces sp. S-140 grew on medium supplemented with Zn2+ and high porus polymer resin and accumulated 32 micrograms/ml of leinamycin. Improved isolation methods are described along with identification of mikamycin A co-produced with leinamycin by the strain S-140.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1989

UCN-01 and UCN-02, new selective inhibitors of protein kinase C. I. Screening, producing organism and fermentation.

In the course of continued screening program for new selective inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), fermentation broths from over 5,000 soil isolates were screened for their inhibitory activity of PKC. HPLC analysis of active cultures revealed that five different strains (N-71, N-115, N-126, N-128 and N-139) of Streptomyces isolated from various local soil samples were found to produce staurosporine and related compounds. Of these strains, N-126, a high producing strain, was found to produce new selective inhibitors of PKC, UCN-01 and its stereoisomer, UCN-02. The pH control of fermentation resulted in an increase of the production of UCN-01 and UCN-02.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with multi-drug chemotherapy and radiotherapy].

Multi-drug chemotherapy containing cisplatin has been reported to be one of the most active chemotherapy regimens in advanced or recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, the current status of clinical investigation of combination chemotherapies is reviewed. And our data are presented in head and neck cancer with multi-drug chemotherapy containing cisplatin. Thirty-five patients of stage 3-4 and 70 patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were treated by multi-drug chemotherapy containing cisplatin, and radiotherapy and/or operation. The overall response rate was 71.4%, with 17.1% complete remission in previously untreated, locally advanced patients and 31.4% in recurrent or metastatic patients. Problems of chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and future direction of clinical study in locally advanced or recurrent head and neck cancer are discussed.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

The influence of Hymenolepis nana infection on antibody responses to sheep red blood cells in mice.

The influence of Hymenolepis nana infection on the primary antibody responses to both sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and dinitrophenylated Ficoll-coated SRBC (DNP-coated SRBC) was examined in BALB/c mice. The in vitro cultures of spleen cells (Sp C) obtained from mice inoculated with either 100 or 1,000 eggs developed fewer plaque forming cells (PFC) than those of Sp C from non-infected mice, when the cells were exposed to SRBC. Thereafter, the number of PFC was gradually increased and almost reached the initial levels by day 21. On the other hand, the ability of Sp C obtained from mice infected with 10,000 eggs to produce PFC gradually dropped as the course of infection proceeded. However, H. nana infection did not reduce the capacity of Sp C to produce PFC to DNP-coated SRBC. Addition of T-cell enriched population from infected mice, which was obtained by passing through a nylon wool column, to anti-Thy-1.2 antibody treated non-infected Sp C significantly inhibited the production of PFC to SRBC. These results strongly suggest that H. nana infection impairs T-cell function in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver].

Primary sarcomas of the liver are rare malignant neoplasms. Only four cases of Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the liver have previously been reported in the literature. The authors report a 64-year-old man of MFH of the liver, complained of epigastric discomfort. Laboratory values revealed raised ESR and positive CRP. An abdominal computed tomographic scan disclosed 7.4 x 7.6 cm low density area in the posterior segment of the right lobe. Selective angiography of the celiac artery revealed hypovascular tumor. The diaphragm was involved in the tumor and right hepatectomy with partial resection of diaphragm was performed. Microscopically, the tumor cells were arranged with a storiform pattern and electron microscopic studies demonstrated fibroblast like cells and histiocyte like cells. Although systemic chemotherapy with ACR, CPM and VCR was performed, he died of peritoneal and pleural dissemination on the 142nd day after.

Celiac Artery↗
PubMed1989

Effect of naloxone on hormonal changes during exercise.

It is well established that prolactin release during exercise is one of the important factors in exercise-induced menstrual dysfunction. The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanisms of prolactin release during exercise. Ten female athletes measured their BBT every morning. They performed incremental exercise on a cycle ergometer, with or without naloxone, on the 5th to 8th days of the follicular phase. Three minutes before the exercise, 0.4mg of naloxone was injected intravenously and a further 1.6mg/hr of naloxone was continuously infused during exercise. Blood samples were collected after 60 minutes bed rest (Rest), at the time when the heart rates reached 150 bpm (Submax), the point of exhaustion (Max) during exercise and after 60 minutes bed rest following exercise (After 1hr). The levels of prolactin in serum, dopamine, beta-endorphin. VIP and ACTH in the plasma were measured. Whereas prolactin increased significantly at Submax (p less than 0.05) and Max (p less than 0.001), the increase in prolactin was suppressed by the administration of naloxone (p less than 0.05). Dopamine showed no remarkable change during exercise, with or without naloxone. There were significant increases in beta-endorphin at Max (p less than 0.001), VIP at Submax and Max (p less than 0.001), but these increases were suppressed by the administration of naloxone (p less than 0.001). ACTH which had markedly increased at Submax (p less than 0.025) and Max (p less than 0.001) showed a slight tendency to decrease following the administration of naloxone, but there were no significant differences in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Detection and significance of calcified coronary arteries by computed tomography].

To investigate whether coronary artery disease is detected noninvasively, we correlated calcification on computed tomography (CT) with coronary angiographic (CAG) findings in 90 consecutive patients including 48 with angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. The mean age was 52.2 years and 83% were men. CT scans without contrast enhancement (3 sec scan time) were obtained at 1 cm thickness from the ascending aorta to cardiac apex to identify calcification in coronary arteries. Results; CAG revealed of 50 patients, and stenosis was present more often at calcified vessels on CT. (table; see text) Calcification occurred more often in 2 or 3 vessel disease. However, stenotic segments were not always calcified. We conclude that CT is sensitive for the detection of calcification and an important method for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1989

[Combined aortic and mitral valve replacement with or without preservation of posterior mitral apparatus].

Seventy patients who underwent aortic and mitral valve replacement were reviewed. 37 patients had the mitral valve replaced with preservation of posterior mitral apparatus (AVR and modified MVR; modified group), and the others without (AVR and conventional MVR; conventional group). Hospital deaths occurred in 4 patients (12.1%) in conventional group and in only 1 patient (2.7%) in modified group. Four out of these five hospital deaths were due to low output syndrome (LOS). The other one died of unknown cause. Severe LOS, necessitating intra-aortic balloon pumping, occurred in 4 (12.1%) in conventional group and in 2 (5.4%) in modified group. In the early postoperative period modified group showed better left ventricular function than conventional group in terms of cardiac index and left ventricular stroke work index. Cardiac performance was evaluated by means of echocardiography at the time of discharge. Modified group showed better fractional shortening and shorter PEP/ET (pre-ejection period/ejection time). These findings suggest that the lower mortality of modified group is due to better left ventricular function preventing LOS in the early postoperative period, and that preserving the posterior mitral apparatus has a more beneficial effect on postoperative left ventricular function even in combined valve disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[The role of drugs and lymphocytes in granulocyte-macrophage colony formation in patients with drug induced agranulocytosis].

The in vitro effects of the causative drugs and lymphocytes from the patients with agranulocytosis were tested against granulocyte-macrophage colony formation (CFU-C) of bone marrow cells from normal individuals and the patients in recovery stage. A semisolid culture system was used for CFU-C assay. The drug concentrations were adjusted to the therapeutic levels in sera, and the lymphocytes were obtained from the patient's peripheral blood. Three patients with agranulocytosis and one patient with pancytopenia caused by disopyramide, methimazole, sodium valproate, and Towasaal, respectively, were examined. Each of the four drugs except disopyramide suppressed the CFU-C of normal and patient's bone marrow cells in a dose-dependent manner. When the patient's bone marrow cells were cultured with respective drugs and their own lymphocytes or with the culture supernatant of the drug and lymphocytes, CFU-C suppressions was significantly augmented. Phenacetin, an agent of Towasaal, significantly suppressed CFU-C and also CFU-E. These results indicate that humoral factor(s) produced from patient's lymphocytes by reacting with the drugs may function as an immunological mechanism in the patients with drug-induced agranulocytosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Spinal cord compression by primary epidural non-Hodgkin lymphoma].

A 63-year-old man was admitted because of sudden paraparesis. Myelography revealed a complete block at the level of T-3. The spinal epidural tumor was histologically diagnosed as malignant lymphoma, diffuse large cell type and immunohistochemically B-cell type. A thorough work-up for metastasis including MRI was negative. He was postoperatively treated with combination chemotherapies (VEPA), followed by irradiation to the region. The residual tumor disappeared on chest-CT and the patient's neurological status rapidly improved. He is still in remission for 18 months and has full performance status. This case is a very rare lymphoma originated from spinal-epidural space.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1988

Succinic acidemia: a new syndrome of organic acidemia associated with congenital lactic acidosis and decreased NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity.

Two siblings with succinic acidemia, a hitherto unreported organic acidemia, were investigated. Succinic acidemia, lactic acidosis and respiratory distress were observed in one of the siblings, who died 37 days after birth, and succinic acidemia was also detected in the next sibling at the fetal stage. NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity was significantly low in both cases and NADH-ferricyanide reductase activity was also low in the fetal case, suggesting a complex I deficiency of the electron transport system in the mitochondrial membrane.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1988

Binding of cholesterol and inhibitory peptide derivatives with the fusogenic hydrophobic sequence of F-glycoprotein of HVJ (Sendai virus): possible implication in the fusion reaction.

Specificity of the binding of sterols and related compounds with purified F-protein (fusion protein) of the HVJ (Sendai virus) was studied by binding competition with [3H]cholesterol. Requirement for cholesterol or the A/B ring trans structure and nonrequirement for the 3-hydroxyl group were found in this binding. Binding of 125I-labeled Z-Phe-Tyr, an inhibitory peptide of viral membrane-cell membrane fusion, was studied by using purified proteins and virions. F-Protein and virions showed a specific binding with the peptide, whereas the result was negative with hemagglutinin and neuraminidase protein. Thermolysin-truncated F-protein (an F-protein derivative deprived of a 2.5-kDa fragment from the N-terminal of the F1 subunit and without fusogenic activity) exhibited a considerably diminished binding ability both to cholesterol and to inhibitory peptides. Therefore, the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence that was previously assigned as fusogenic seems to be the binding site of these molecules. In support of this, the binding of cholesterol with F-protein was inhibited by Z-Phe-Tyr and other fusion inhibitory peptides, whereas it was not affected with non-fusion-inhibitory Z-Gly-Phe. These results are discussed in relation to the notion that the binding of the N-terminal portion of the F1 subunit of F-protein with cholesterol in the target cell membranes facilitates the fusion reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Doppler analysis of flow velocity profile at the aortic root.

This study of aortic root flow velocity profiles suggests that the flow velocity pattern is parabolic rather than flat as has been widely supposed. To analyze the distribution of flow velocity, a special ultrasound pulsed Doppler velocity flow meter, with a direct probe on the aortic wall, was designed. Sixteen patients, none with a diagnosis of aortic valve disease, were examined just before undergoing open heart surgery. Parabolic velocity patterns were always found, and it was determined that the parabola was skewed rightward toward the anterior wall. Furthermore, it was shown that the flow velocity vector was initially directed toward the commissure of the right coronary and the noncoronary cusps.

Adult↗