Biomedical subjects

K Asano

Publications and source records attributed to K Asano.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Hymenolepis nana: adoptive transfer of protective immunity and delayed type hypersensitivity response with mesenteric lymph node cells in mice.

A marked degree of footpad swelling was observed in BALB/c mice infected with Hymenolepis nana eggs, when soluble egg antigen was injected into their footpads 4 to 21 days after the egg infection, indicating delayed type hypersensitivity responses in infected mice. Adoptive transfer with mesenteric lymph node cells from donor mice (BALB/c strain; +/+) infected with eggs 4 days before cell collection could confer this hypersensitivity to recipient nude mice (BALB/c strain; nu/nu). These mesenteric lymph node cells were then divided into two fractions, blast-enriched and blast-depleted cells, by density gradient centrifugation with Percoll. The recipients intravenously injected with the blast-depleted cell fraction showed a marked increase in footpad thickness, whereas the intravenous transfer of the blast-enriched cell fraction resulted in an insignificant increase in footpad thickness. The transfer of the blast-enriched cell fraction, but not of the blast-depleted cell fraction, conferred a strong adoptive immunity on syngeneic recipient nude mice, when the immunity transferred was assessed by examining cysticercoids developed in the intestinal villi on Day 4 of challenge infection. The lack of delayed type hypersensitivity response in mice that received the blast-enriched cell population was not due to a lack of the capacity of the cells to induce the response, because the cells were capable of inducing a significant increase in thickness of footpads of normal mice when these cells were locally injected into the footpad together with soluble egg antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Murine T cell clones specific for Hymenolepis nana: generation and functional analysis in vivo and in vitro.

To examine the role of the T cell in protective immunity to Hymenolepis nana, H. nana-specific clonal lymphocytes were generated from mesenteric lymph nodes of BALB/c mice infected with H. nana, and some of their functions were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Following limiting dilution techniques, five clones were generated from mesenteric lymph node cell populations. All of these clones expressed the L3T4+, Lyt-2.2- phenotype and proliferated in vitro in response to soluble egg antigen of H. nana. Of five clones, three secreted interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) after stimulation with egg antigen. Furthermore, these three clones conferred local delayed-type hypersensitivity to egg antigen. The remaining two clones produced interleukin 4 (IL-4) in response to egg antigen, and could not mediate local delayed-type hypersensitivity. Adoptive transfer experiments using clonal lymphocytes were also undertaken in an attempt to define cell types involved in protective immunity. Clonal lymphocytes secreting both IL-2 and IFN-gamma transferred protective immunity, equivalent to that obtained by non-cultured-sensitized mesenteric lymph node cells. They were effective in very small numbers. However, clonal lymphocytes that secreted IL-4 did not transfer protective immunity. These results suggest that helper T lymphocytes, especially the Th1 subtype, are involved in protective immunity against H. nana.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Distribution of ventilation and of diffusing capacity to perfusion in the lung.

We developed a method for estimating the distribution of ventilation (VA) and of diffusing capacity (G) to perfusion (Q) in the lungs. We used O2, CO2 and CO together with six inert gases of widely differing solubility and assumed that mass transfer efficiency of each gas in a gas exchange unit is limited by both VA/Q and G/Q ratios. The underlying lung model comprised 20 units along both the VA/Q and G/Q axes. Using numerical analysis, we transformed the data into a virtually continuous distribution of Q in the VA/Q-G/Q field. We tested the precision of the numerical procedure by examining the recovery of various artificial distributions, and found that distributions with up to two modes could be recovered with reasonable accuracy. Analytical results from 15 patients with interstitial pneumonia of unknown etiology (IPF) revealed the following features. (1) In an early disease stage, most of the lung was operating in the range of normal VA/Q, without a significant contribution of diffusion limitation. (2) An advanced stage of the disease exhibited a widening of VA/Q distribution and either broad unimodal or bimodal distribution of G/Q, extending to G/Q below 10(-3) ml (STPD)/(ml.Torr) with diffusion-limited O2 exchange. (3) Severe diffusion limitation causing disequilibrium of inert gas across the blood-gas barrier was observed in three (far advanced fibrosis; active interstitial inflammation) out of 15 patients. These findings suggest that inhomogeneity of G/Q does exist and may play an appreciable role in causing impairment of gas exchange in patients with interstitial pneumonia.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Psychological aspects of psychogenic deafness in children.

Twenty-nine children with psychogenic deafness were investigated from audiological and psychological aspects. ABR and Békésy audiometry were useful for diagnosing psychogenic deafness. The elapsed time from the start of treatment to audiometric recovery was significantly shorter in patients receiving psychological treatment, indicating that treatment by a team of otologists and counselors was able to hasten recovery in children with psychogenic deafness. The pattern of hearing recovery in the treated group was classified into 3 types and in the control group into 4 types. Counseling seemed to have a positive effect on patients with fluctuating improvement. In the patients in the treated group, the elapsed time to audiometric recovery from the beginning of psychological treatment was 7.5 months; however, in the control group recovery it took 17.1 months. Psychological treatment revealed that the clinical course of psychogenic deafness in children seemed to have some relation to the patient's personality and psychological stresses.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Acidic glycosphingolipids of human amnion.

Six major acidic glycosphingolipids were isolated from human amnion using DEAE Sephadex A-25 and silica beads column chromatography. The structures of these glycosphingolipids were determined by methylation analysis, TLC immunostaining and/or negative ion FAB-MS, and were concluded to be II3 alpha NeuAcLacCer(GM3), IV3 alpha NeuAcnLc4-Cer (sialyl[alpha 2-3]paragloboside), IV6 alpha NeuAcnLc4Cer (sialyl[alpha 2-6]paragloboside), IV3 alpha NeuAcIII4 alpha FucLc4Cer (sialyl Lea), VI3 alpha NeuAcnLc6Cer (i-ganglioside) and II3 alpha (NeuAc alpha 2----8NeuAc)LacCer (GD3). In addition, several minor glycosphingolipids were detected with specific monoclonal antibodies, including glycolipids with NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-beta 1- or NeuAc alpha 2-6Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1- determinant. Our results show that the glycosphingolipids of human amnion are characterized by having mainly type II chain analogues and onco-fetal antigens.

Amnion↗

PubMed1991

Antigenic and functional characterization of rinderpest virus envelope proteins using monoclonal antibodies.

A total of 24 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the haemagglutinin (H) and the fusion protein (F) of rinderpest virus (RPV) were used to characterize their antigenic structure and biological properties, and to analyse natural variation in the envelope proteins of morbilliviruses. The anti-H and anti-F MAbs defined seven and three distinct antigenic sites, respectively. The MAbs to six sites on H were able to neutralize the infectivity of RPV. The addition of guinea-pig complement or anti-mouse immunoglobulin increased the virus-neutralizing antibody titre of most of the anti-H MAbs, including those lacking neutralizing activity. One of the antigenic sites on H was conserved among morbilliviruses and the MAbs to this site had haemagglutination inhibition activity against measles virus (MV). The remaining sites were specific for RPV and varied antigenically between strains of RPV. The anti-F MAbs lacked neutralizing activity, but two of the five MAbs did show activity in the presence of complement or anti-mouse immunoglobulin. On the whole, the antigenic sites on F were conserved in some strains of MV, but not in canine distemper virus. All of the sites on the surface proteins were sensitive to SDS and, although those on F were not affected by 2-mercaptoethanol, five of the seven sites on H were destroyed by it. These results suggest that the epitopes on the envelope proteins are conformation-dependent.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Application of colorimetric microdilution plate hybridization for rapid genetic identification of 22 Mycobacterium species.

Quantitative microdilution plate hybridization was used to identify 22 Mycobacterium species. DNAs of clinical strains were rapidly extracted and labeled with photoreactive biotin. Labeled DNAs were distributed into wells of a microdilution plate in which reference DNAs had been immobilized. After 2 h of hybridization, hybridized DNAs were quantitatively detected with peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin and the substrate, tetramethylbenzidine. This method could differentiate among 20 of the 22 Mycobacterium species tested. The type strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis were genetically highly related and could not be differentiated by this method. Of 194 biochemically identified human clinical strains, 178 (90%) were genetically identified within 3 h of the small-scale DNA extraction.

Aminosalicylic Acid↗

PubMed1991

Promotion of spheroid assembly of adult rat hepatocytes by some factor(s) present in the initial 6-hour conditioned medium of the primary culture.

Adult rat hepatocytes are capable of assembling to form floating multicellular spheroids (spheroids) in a dish with a positively charged surface in primary culture. In this report we show that the conditioned medium of the early time period of the culture exhibited biologically defined activity that promoted the assembly of isolated hepatocytes to floating spheroid. This activity was present only in the initial 6-hour conditioned medium; it was highest in the initial 2 h of culture and gradually decreased over 6 h and was not detected thereafter for 7 days. The conditioned medium appeared to inhibit the disintegration of spheroids that occurred during transfer to a new positively charged dish in the presence of either new or conditioned medium collected after day 4. Furthermore, disintegrated spheroids again assembled to form floating spheroid in the presence of the conditioned medium. Since the activity present in the conditioned medium was linearly dose-responsive to the inoculated viable cell number but not to that of dead cells, some factors responsible for the activity were probably produced by the viable cells during only a short time in culture.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[A clinical study of associated bladder cancer in patients with renal pelvic and ureteral cancer].

Retrospective study on the frequency of associated bladder cancer and the influence on the prognosis was carried out in 170 cases of renal pelvic and ureteral cancer. The number of cases of associated bladder cancer coexistent with renal pelvic and ureteral cancer was 31 (18.2%), and the number of subsequent cases 3 (19.4%). The frequency of occurrence of the primary tumor site was 27.2% in the renal pelvis, 45.6% in the ureter and 58.3% in both renal pelvis and ureter. Multiple tumors occurring in the renal pelvis and ureter occupy a high percentage. As for the degree of differentiation, many cases were subsequent to G1. As for the stage, a few cases with bladder cancer were subsequent to T4, but there was no definite tendency in the occurrence of bladder cancer. The prognosis of renal pelvic and ureteral cancer: the 10-year survival rate was 93.3% for G1, 66.6% for G2 and 12.4% for G3. As can be seen, there was good correlation with the pathological gradings. It must be remembered, however, that 5-year survival rates in cases of associated bladder cancer of coexistent type, in cases of subsequent type and in cases without associated bladder cancer were 56.2%, 72.7% and 64.8%, respectively: there was no significant difference. Bladder cancer associated with renal pelvic and ureteral cancer makes the therapy troublesome, but no influence on the prognosis was observed. Therapy in conformity with the pathological grading and stage is regarded as particularly important in cases of associated bladder cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[A case of lupus nephritis with hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism].

We report a case of 67-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus presenting hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. She admitted because of anasarca in March, 1990. She manifested nephrotic syndrome, and hyperkalemia and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. The hyperkalemia was disproportionate to the degree of renal insufficiency. Basal levels of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were low. Renal tubular function studies revealed normal hydrogen ion secretion. Renal biopsy demonstrated diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis and prominent interstitial cell infiltration. There was no vasculitis of glomerular vascular poles. After treatment of lupus nephritis with prednisolone, levels of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were elevated. Hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis were normalized and renal function improved. We conclude that the heperkalemia and metabolic acidosis could be attributed to hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism.

Acidosis↗

PubMed1991

[Study of the combined M-VAC therapy in invasive bladder cancer].

We carried out combined M-VAC therapy in 12 patients with invasive bladder cancer without metastatic foci, and studied mainly the pathohistological findings and side effects before and after chemotherapy. There were 9 male cases and 3 female cases who were between 53 and 76 years old, and 66 years old on the average. After admission, 1 or 2 courses of M-VAC therapy were performed after confirmation of the pathological tissues by transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT), and then total cystectomy (in 6 cases) or TUR-BT (in 6 cases) was conducted after 15 days on the average. According to the combined M-VAC therapy, down-stage was noted in 6 cases (50%) and down-grade in 6 cases (50%). Side effects such as anorexia, nausea and leukopenia were noted in all cases, and depilation, vomiting and thrombopenia were frequently noted. However, all these cases were transient without any serious trouble. The usefulness of the combined M-VAC therapy in invasive bladder cancer was proven, and the possibility of elevating the therapeutic response by surgery with lesser invasion was suggested.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

The characteristic CD spectra of DNA from young rat liver.

The circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to study conformational changes of DNA upon aging. DNA from 8 weeks old rat liver showed A-form unexpectedly in physiological saline. The characteristic spectrum gradually changed upon aging and that of 30 months old rat liver DNA showed normal B-form.

Aging↗

PubMed1991

[A case of malignant pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder].

A 31-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of miction pain and gross hematuria in August, 1988. Cystoscopic examination revealed a solid mass in the bladder. The histological diagnosis was pheochromocytoma of urinary bladder by biopsy. He had a history of syncope on urination several times. Abnormal elevation of serum noradrenaline was observed in hormonal studies and abnormal accumulation was seen in the bladder by 131I-MIBG scintigraphy. Total cystectomy, lymphadenectomy and urinary diversion were performed in November, 1988. Pathological diagnosis was pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder with metastasis to both iliac lymph nodes.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗

PubMed1991

[Pulsatile release of gonadotropins in athletic women].

In athletic women menstrual disorders such as luteal insufficiency, oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea are often seen. It has been suggested that such disorders may be related to hypothalamic-pituitary axis insufficiency caused by physical activity. To investigate the mechanism by which the disorder is promoted, episodic gonadotropin secretion was studied in 10 athletic women (normal ovulatory, 5; short luteal, 5) and 6 non-athletic controls. In the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, blood samples were obtained through an indwelling venous catheter at 15-minute intervals for 4 hours. The concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The mean LH and FSH concentrations in the athletic groups were lower than those in the control group. LH pulse frequencies in the short luteal group were 2.8 +/- 0.2 times/four hours (mean +/- standard error) and decreased compared with that of the control group (3.7 +/- 0.2 times/four hours; p less than 0.001). The LH pulse amplitudes of all three groups were similar. Pulsatile FSH secretion was also observed in all the women. Dynamism of FSH was the same as that of LH except for low pulse amplitude in the athletic groups. These data suggest that hypothalamic-pituitary axis insufficiency, especially of hypothalamic origin may be caused by athletic activity.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Prediction of coronary artery bypass graft flow--analysis of time density curve obtained from digital subtraction angiography].

UNLABELLED: To predict the coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) flow based on the time density curve(TDC) obtained from the digital subtraction aortograms(DSA), we developed a pulsatile CABG model (perfusion pressure 60, 130 mmHg, pulse rate 53, 126/min, cardiac output 3-7 l/min, diameter of the graft 2.1-6.0 mm). After positioning the regions of interest (ROI), we injected contrast medium (5-40 ml/sec, 5-40 ml) into the outlet conduit. Concerning the TDCs, we calculated appearance time(Ta), peak densities(Dp), peak time(Tp), disappearance time(Td), integral of TDC, delta Tp (difference of Tp between two ROI) and delta Ta (difference of Ta between two ROI). RESULTS: Perfusion pressure, graft flow and output curve were similar to those of patients with CABG. Ta, Tp, Td and delta Tp were affected by both the injection rate and the volume of the contrast medium; while Dp and the TDC integral were only affected by the latter parameter. Under the same conditions of contrast medium injection, the TDC depended strongly on graft flow, diameter of the graft, output and pulse rate. 21.6 + 0.92 pi.d2/4.delta 1/delta Tp.60 provided the most accurate estimation of CABG flow (r = 0.865, p less than 0.01). We conclude that densitometric analysis of DSA may be useful in the prediction of CABG flow.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1991

[Impairment of gas exchange in acute lung injury].

To demonstrate the characteristics of impaired gas exchange in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), an experimental model of lung injury was produced in 24 mongrel dogs by intravenously injecting 0.07 ml/kg of oleic acid. While allowing the animal to breathe a mixture of 0.1% CO in air, normal saline, which contained appropriate amounts of six inert gases such as SF6, ethane, cyclopropane, halothane, ether and acetone, was infused at a constant rate through a peripheral vein. After a steady state was established, the expired gas was collected and the samples of both arterial and mixed venous blood were taken simultaneously. The concentrations of the nine indicator gases (O2, CO2, CO and six inert gases) in the samples were measured in terms of a gas chromatograph, permitting analysis of the distribution of ventilation to perfusion (VA/Q) as well as the diffusing capacity to perfusion (G/Q) in injured lungs. To determine the role of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in maintaining gas exchange in ARDS, hemodynamic and gas-exchange parameters were investigated at inspired O2 concentrations (FIO2) of either 21 or 60%. The impairment of gas exchange was examined by measuring the fractional retention (R) of the inert gases in arterial blood. Furthermore, to assess the possible contribution of vasoactive prostanoids in regulating vascular reactivity in ARDS, observations at FIO2 of 60% were repeated after administered indomethacin at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Analytical results revealed that shunt flow in experimental dogs with lung damage caused by oleic acid averaged 17%. Furthermore, widening of VA/Q distribution was found accompanied with significant contribution of extremely low VA/Q areas. In addition, most of the lung was operating in G/Q units with values ranging from 10(-3) to 10(-2) but 9.8% of total Q(QT) was received by the area with G/Q less than 10(-3), which might limit O2 exchange between the alveolar gas phase and capillary blood. Although pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in injured lungs observed at FIO2 of 60% was significantly smaller than the value obtained at FIO2 of 21%, QT as well as extravascular lung water did not differ in the two conditions. The R value for the indicator gas was consistently lower at FIO2 of irrespective of gas species. Administration of indomethacin caused a considerable diminution of the R value for inert gas but a rise in PVR without an appreciable change of either QT or extravascular lung water. This was followed by a significant rise in arterial PO2 from 84 to 99 Torr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1990

Localization of sulfated glucuronyl glycolipids in human dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia.

Sulfated glucuronyl glycolipids (SGGLs) in human dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and sympathetic ganglion (SG) were analyzed biochemically and immunohistochemically. SGGLs were enriched in human DRG (1.02 +/- 0.23 micrograms/mg protein), whereas much lower concentrations of these glycolipids (0.043 +/- 0.23 micrograms/mg protein) were detected in SG. Myelin within DRG and SG was immunostained by anti-SGGL antiserum, although only a few myelinated fibers were seen in SG. Nerve cell bodies or unmyelinated fibers were not immunostained. Subcellular fractionation study of human DRG demonstrated that these glycolipids were not only enriched in myelin but also in the axolemma-enriched fraction. These data are consistent with the view that SGGLs may be expressed on myelinated fibers in myelin and axolemma, suggesting that these compounds may play an important role in regulating myelinogenesis.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed1990

Urinary neutral glycosphingolipid analysis of patients with Fabry's disease; rapid isocratic elution from high-performance liquid chromatography as per-o-benzoyl derivatives.

Neutral glycosphingolipids from urinary sediments of six patients with Fabry's disease and 11 members of the family of one propositus were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Per-o-benzoyl derivatives of GlcCer, LacCer, GbOse3Cer and GbOse4Cer were clearly resolved by a solvent mixture of hexane/dioxane/isopropanol (75:25:1, v/v) on a normal-phase silica column. Using our isocratic solvent system, the analysis was completed within 15 min. The smallest amount of glycolipid that could be detected by HPLC was 50 pmol and a linear response was shown at 230 nm up to 400 pmol. The calculated peak area of GbOse4Cer was higher than those of GlcCer, LacCer and GbOse3Cer. The molar ratios of GbOse3Cer to monohexosyl ceramide (CMH) in the urinary sediments were: Fabry hemizygotes, 36.33 +/- 25.54 (n = 6); heterozygotes, 0.94 +/- 0.50 (n = 4); and controls, 0.11 +/- 0.06 (n = 5). The molar ratio CDH/CMH was also higher in patients (8.42 +/- 6.23) than in controls (0.77 +/- 0.23). The female H was a rare example of a carrier with typical clinical manifestations. From the urinary sediment analysis, females E, G and J were suspected to be Fabry heterozygotes, although no clinical signs were observed at the time of examination.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗