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Biomedical subjects

K Arnold

Publications and source records attributed to K Arnold.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

NMR and calorimetric studies of changes in phase transition of head group modified phospholipids.

The 13C- and 31P-NMR spectra and DSC thermograms of unsonicated dispersions consisting of phospholipids of varying methylation stages of the propanolamine head group were investigated. Methylation of the head group was accompanied by a corresponding reduction in the phase transition temperatures. In the liquid crystalline state the 31P-anisotropy of the chemical shift is about equal for all studied compounds, demonstrating that the motion of the phosphate group is not influenced by modifications of the propanolamine group.

Calorimetry↗
PubMed1977

Therapy of antimicrobial-resistant typhoid fever.

Antimicrobial-resistant typhoid fever in Saigon was studied by examining in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella typhi strains and conducting a randomized clinical trial of ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ). Isolates of S. typhi were obtained from blood or stool cultures of 90 patients. Of 87 isolates tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, 65 (75%) were resistant (R) to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamide, and tetracycline, and 22 (25%) were susceptible (S). The drug resistance was transferable to Escherichia coli and was found in 11 different Vi-phage types. All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin and to TMP-SMZ. Agar dilution studies of TMP and SMZ showed synergistic inhibition of growth in all 18 S isolates and in 12 of 48 R isolates tested. The clinical trial of ampicillin and TMP-SMZ showed that both drugs were equally effective. Treatment failure with both drugs was more frequent in patients with S isolates than in patients with R isolates. Therefore, in an area where antimicrobial-resistant typhoid fever exists, patients with R isolates should receive either ampicillin or TMP-SMZ, but patients with S isolates should be treated with chloramphenicol.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1977

Mycoplasma pneumonia: a study on hospitalized American patients with pneumonia in Vietnam.

A prospective study on consecutively hospitalized pneumonia patients showed that 41.5% of 58 patients had a fourfold rise in the complement-fixation titer for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Viral isolation techniques and serologic tests for influenza A1, A2 and B, parainfluenza 1 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus and the adeno virus group yielded only a single positive isolate for influenza A2. Serologic tests for melioidosis, leptospirosis, scrub, murine and epidemic typhus and psittacosis were all negative. The clinical manifestations were not distinctive for the positive M. pneumoniae patients when compared with the patients having a negative M. pneumoniae complement-fixation test. The symptoms and signs and laboratory and radiologic findings were similar to those described in other reports on primary atypical pneumonia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Out-patient or in-patient treatment after trauma? (author's transl)].

The best therapeutic results after trauma are obtained by an optimal and possibly definitive primary treatment. In this case the in-patient and out-patient-treatment have to be a unity. The advantage of a mobile consultation service between highly specialized departments (neurosurgery, thoraxsurgery, blood vessel surgery) is referred to.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1976

Yersinia pestis infection in Vietnam. II. Quantiative blood cultures and detection of endotoxin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis.

Quantitative blood cultures were obtained from 42 patients with acute Yersinia pestis infection to determine whether the concentration of bacteria in blood influenced the clinical severity and outcome of illness. In 17 bacteremic patients, colony counts in blood cultures ranged from less than 10 to 4 X 10(7)/ml. Three of five patients with colony counts of greater than 10(2)/ml died, and two patients survived episodes of hypotension. Results from plasma limulus tests were positive at the time of admission in three of 10 patients tested, and these three patients had bacteremia with colony counts of greater than 10(2)/ml. Meningitis developed in three patients and pneumonia in two patients; these five patients a-l had buboes in the axillary region. Endotoxin was detected with the limulus test in the cerebrospinal fluid in the three patients with meningitis. Ten patients randomly assigned to receive streptomycin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole survived. Those treated with streptomycin had a shorter median duration of fever and a lower incidence of complications than did the patients treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Oxolinic acid in the treatment of typhoid fever due to chloramphenicol-resistant strains of Salmonella typhi.

Of 28 strains of Salmonella typhosa collected in late 1972 in Vietnam, 4 had minimum inhibitory concentrations to chloramphenicol of >100 mug/ml. Median minimum inhibitory concentrations of all strains to oxolinic acid were 0.39 mug/ml; ampicillin, 6.25 mug/ml; amoxicillin, 0.39 mug/ml. Widespread typhoid fever appeared in mid-1973 with more than three-fourths of strains found to be resistant to chloramphenicol. Peak serum concentrations of oxolinic acid average 3.0 mug/ml after the oral ingestion of 1.0 g. In July 1974, a pilot study was begun to evaluate the efficacy of oxolinic acid in vivo, recognizing the discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo results with many agents evaluated in the treatment of typhoid fever. Seven patients with typhoid fever, six with positive blood cultures, were treated with oxolinic acid (1.5 g twice daily by mouth, a daily dose that averaged 75 mg/kg per day) for 5 to 12 days. In four of six patients, blood cultures became negative at 2 to 3 days, with another being negative at 6 days. Despite negative blood cultures, all but one patient remained clinically ill with temperatures of >39.5 C at 4 to 9 days. All strains were susceptible to 0.19 mug of oxolinic acid per ml, and resistant strains did not occur. One patient died after being changed to ampicillin, one left against advice, three responded to amoxicillin, and one died with pseudomonas bacteremia. Toxicity to oxolinic acid did not occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Multicenter clinical study of a novel steroid-free preparation in proctology].

In a multicentre study 15 physicians investigated the therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of Faktu suppositories and ointment (containing the active principle of Albothyl, a condensation product of m-cresolsulfonic acid and formaldehyde) in 585 patients with proctological affections. Highly satisfactory results were achieved in 486 patients (83.1%). The following were found to be the main indications: -treatment of wounds after proctological operations, -fresh and fissures, -bleeding internal haemorrhoids, -anal eczema and anal pruritus, -rhagades and perforated or prolapsed external haemorrhoids (perianal thrombosis). None of the investigators reported any persisting adverse side-effects. 16% of the patients complained of local discomfort of varying intensity such as pruritus, burning or irritation. The symptoms mostly appeared on commencement of the treatment and necessitated discontinuation of therapy in 5.3% only. The extremely favourable effect of Albothyl - the active principle of Faktu - is due to its unique mechanism of action: the markedly acid milieu of the substance. Furthermore the Faktu preparations do not contain any steroids and consequently they can be used without any misgivings over prolonged periods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Hepatitis BS antigen, malaria titers, and primary liver cancer in South Vietnam.

A total of 306 individuals from South Vietnam were studied: 61 had a diagnosis of primary liver cancer (38 had a tissue diagnosis, and 23 had a clinical diagnosis and a positive alpha-fetoprotein); 9 had viral hepatitis; 101 were hospitalized patients (60 with various other forms of liver disease and 41 without liver disease); 94 were blood donors; 29 were drug users, and 12 were medical students. Alpha-fetoprotein was present in 45 of 61 (74%) of those with a diagnois of primary liver cancer (PLC) and in none of the other patients. Using immunoelectroosmophoresis, hepatitis BS antigen (HBSAg) was found no more frequently in those with PLC than in the other groups studied. In contrast, using a radioimmunoassay technique HBSAg was present 3 to 8 times as frequently in the PLC patients as in other subjects without viral hepatitis. There was a close relationship between the presence of alpha-fetoprotein and HBSAg in the patients with PLC. Malaria seropositivity rates were no different in the PLC groups than the other groups. It appears that in South Vietnam PLC is associated with an increased frequency of HBSAg.

Adolescent↗