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Biomedical subjects

K Arnold

Publications and source records attributed to K Arnold.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Prognosis quoad vitam in patients with multiple injuries. Preliminary report].

A numerically reproducible subdivision by higher and lower chances of survival is suggested in this paper, on the basis of discriminance analysis, for quoad vitam prognostication of patients with severe multiple injuries. The analysis was based on 90 patients with severe multiple injuries under intensive care. Ten severely polytraumatised patients, admitted to hospital from emergency ambulances were evaluated as controls. The subdivision mode prepared provided satisfactory separation and distinction. False assessments accounted for 5.5 per cent of all cases. In no case had survivors been grouped in the low-chance survival category.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

The dielectric properties of aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) and their influence on membrane structure.

The dielectric constant of water is reduced drastically on addition of poly(ethylene glycol). The behaviour is not described by a linear mixture equation. The decreased dielectric constant can lead to the general perturbation of the membrane structure which is necessary in such a manner that a strong aggregation of membranes would lead to their fusion. The changed cation permeability in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) can explained as the effect of the lowered dielectric constant on the transfer energy.

Electric Conductivity↗
PubMed1985

The effect of osmotic pressure of aqueous PEG solutions on red blood cells.

A drastic increase of the intracellular microviscosity of red blood cells in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was established by electron spin resonance using the small spin label molecule 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl-4-one (TEMPONE). The effective osmotic pressure of PEG solutions stressing the cells was estimated by comparison with those cytoplasmic rotational correlation times of TEMPONE measured in NaCl or sucrose containing media of known osmotic pressure.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMed1985

Single-dose pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in healthy Chinese adults.

The pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone were investigated in six healthy mainland Chinese adults (four males and two females). A single 1.0-g dose was administered intravenously or intramuscularly in a two-way crossover design. Plasma and saliva samples were collected on 11 occasions between 0 and 36 h after dosing. Ceftriaxone was not detected in any saliva samples. The mean volume of distribution and mean elimination half-life of ceftriaxone in plasma were 8.5 liters and 8.1 h, respectively. The mean total body clearance after intravenous administration was 0.68 liter/h. The mean Tmax and Cmax after intramuscular injection were 1.4 h and 131 micrograms/ml, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration-time curves after intravenous and intramuscular administrations were 1,507 and 1,493 micrograms X h/ml, respectively. The bioavailability for a 1.0-g intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone was calculated to be 100%. These pharmacokinetic parameters for ceftriaxone in healthy Chinese adults were very similar to those previously reported in the literature. Thus, ceftriaxone may be administered to treat Chinese patients without any major modification in the standard dosing regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Randomised comparative study of mefloquine, qinghaosu, and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine in patients with falciparum malaria.

A prospective trial in 80 patients randomly allocated to four antimalarial treatment regimens--mefloquine plus pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine ('Fansidar'); mefloquine plus qinghaosu; mefloquine, fansidar, and qinghaosu; and qinghaosu alone--was carried out on Hainan Island, China, in patients with chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. A radical cure with slight side-effects was obtained with mefloquine plus fansidar; the addition of qinghaosu greatly increased the rate of parasite clearance with no additional side-effects. Qinghaosu alone had a rapid rate of parasite clearance, no side-effects, but a high recrudescence rate. These antimalarial drugs seem to act at different stages of the asexual parasite cycle and their most efficient use may depend on when in the course of the disease they are given. Because of the continuing appearance of drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum combination drug therapy is now indicated, but which drugs and how best they should be used remains to be decided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Psychopathometric demonstration and quantification of mental disturbances following myelography with metrizamide and iopamidol.

Groups each consisting of ten patients underwent lumbar and cervical myelography with metrizamide and iopamidol, together with a control group of ten patients who underwent lumbar punctures only. These groups were studied with a psychopathometric test procedure in order to demonstrate and quantify mental disturbances. It was shown that in contrast to myelography with iopamidol, mild mental disturbances are common after myelography with metrizamide. The severity of the mental disturbances after myelography with metrizamide was dependent on the quantity of contrast medium which diffused into the intracranial space after myelography, suggesting a dose-related neurotoxic effect of this substance. Such a correlation was not found with iopamidol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The short-term effects of reducing elevated blood pressure in elderly patients with propranolol and dyazide.

Propranolol and Dyazide (25 mg hydrochlorothiazide and 50 mg triamterene) were used singly to reduce the elevated blood pressure (systolic ranging from 170 to 271 mmHg and diastolic ranging from 100 to 141 mmHg) of 38 elderly hypertensive patients whose ages ranged from 69 to 91 years. Each compound was administered for a period of four weeks with a wash-out period of four weeks in between. The following parameters were assessed before and after each treatment period: cerebral blood flow (CBF), mental functions, cardiac output (CO), electrocardiogram, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and serum biochemistry. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly reduced following the administration of either compound. No significant change in CBF and CO could be observed after reducing the blood pressure whether Propranolol or Dyazide was used. The GFR was, however, significantly reduced and the plasma creatinine significantly increased following Dyazide but not Propranolol administration. As expected the administration of the latter compound was associated with a significant bradycardia. No significant change could be observed in the other parameters studied.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

A neurological basis for visual discomfort.

Certain patterns of stripes are judged to be unpleasant to look at. They induce illusions of colour, shape and motion that are sometimes perceived predominantly to one side of fixation. People who suffer frequent headaches tend to report more illusions, and if the pain consistently occurs on the same side of the head the illusions tend to be lateralized. The parameters of the patterns that induce illusions (including their shape, spatial frequency, duty cycle, contrast and cortical representation) closely resemble those that elicit epileptiform electroencephalographic abnormalities in patients with photosensitive epilepsy. The viewing conditions under which such abnormalities are likely to appear are also those under which more illusions are seen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Interaction of fusogen substances with the erythrocyte membrane.

The influence of the fusogen substances poly-(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and linoleic acid on the dynamics and structure of the erythrocyte membrane was studied. Linoleic acid disturbs the lipid matrix and nonlamellar structures were formed. PEG affects the stability of membranes by changing the polarity of the aqueous medium and the hydration state of membrane lipids and proteins.

Cell Fusion↗
PubMed1983

Effect of poly(ethylene glycol) on the polarity of aqueous solutions and on the structure of vesicle membranes.

The partitioning of TEMPO into phosphatidylcholine vesicle membranes is reduced upon addition of poly(ethylene glycol). This is caused by reduced polarity of the aqueous phase as well as decreased membrane fluidity in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol). The isotropic hyperfine splitting of TEMPO in aqueous poly(ethylene glycol) solutions was used as a measure of solvent polarity. The alterations of the membrane fluidity were detected by means of two different fatty acid spin labels. The influences of physicochemical properties of an aqueous poly(ethylene glycol) phase on the membrane structure of cells and vesicles are discussed in the light of membrane fusion.

Cyclic N-Oxides↗