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Biomedical subjects

K Aoyagi

Publications and source records attributed to K Aoyagi.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Serum n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are depleted in Crohn's disease.

To determine fatty acid patterns in Crohn's disease, we measured various serum fatty acids by gas chromatography in 20 patients with the disease and compared them with those in 18 healthy controls. All the patients had been free from any nutritional supplementation during preceding six months or had no history of intestinal resection. Eight of the patients were affected in the small bowel only, three in the large bowel only, and the remaining nine in both the small and large bowel. Both serum concentrations and percentages of C20:4n6, C20:5n3, C22:0, C22:6n3, total n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and total polyunsaturated fatty acids were lower in the patients than in the controls. Both essential fatty acids (C18:2n6, C18:3n3) and C20:3n9 levels were not different between the two groups. Among nine fatty acids that correlated with the Crohn's disease activity index, C20:5n3 and total n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids showed the most significant negative correlations. These findings suggest that essential fatty acid deficiency rarely occurs in Crohn's disease and also that n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may be relevant to the activity of the disease.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗
PubMed1997

Carcinoid tumors of the duodenum: report of three cases treated by endoscopic resection.

Three patients with small (less than 1 cm) duodenal carcinoid tumors are described, two of whom underwent endoscopic resection using simple snare polypectomy. In the third patient, a small tumor (5 mm) could no longer be found after initial biopsies on subsequent repeated endoscopic-bioptic follow-up. All three patients are free of local recurrence or systemic symptoms 2-14 years after the procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances are increased in the subcutaneous fat tissue of patients with end-stage renal disease.

BACKGROUND: Patients with end-stage renal disease are thought to be in a highly peroxidative state, based on studies showing decreased serum antioxidant activity and increased peroxidative products. In this study we confirm these findings by examining lipid peroxidation in subcutaneous fat tissue in uraemia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven subcutaneous fat samples were taken from patients with end-stage renal disease when they underwent intervention for arteriovenous fistula for haemodialyis or for catheter insertion for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The control samples were taken from 11 patients with normal renal function and without any history of renal disease who had surgical interventions. Lipid peroxides were measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance. RESULTS: The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in subcutaneous fat tissue in the patients with end-stage renal disease is 1.223 +/- 0.636 nmol/mg fat tissue (mean +/- SD) whereas the level in the control group is 0.097 +/- 0.054 nmol/mg fat tissue. A comparison of the two groups by Student's t test revealed a highly significant difference (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the finding of a severe peroxidative state in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1997

Desmoid tumors in familial adenomatous polyposis/Gardner's syndrome.

To clarify the clinical risk of desmoid tumors developing in familial adenomatous polyposis, we reviewed the cases of 49 Japanese patients diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis at our institute. In six patients who manifested desmoid tumors at a mean age of 31 years, we reviewed the clinical features and compared various phenotypic manifestations with those in the 43 patients without desmoid tumors. During the observation periods (mean, 6.5 years), two of six patients with desmoid tumors died because of the tumors, which measured > 10 cm in diameter at the initial diagnosis, whereas the remaining four patients with desmoid tumors < 5 cm did not experience complications. The patients with desmoid tumors tended to be women (5 of 6 vs. 17 of 43; p = 0.05) and more frequently had gastric fundic gland polyposis (5 of 6 vs. 17 of 43; p = 0.05) than did the patients without desmoid tumors. There were no apparent differences in other clinical manifestations, including the incidences of colonic polyposis, gastroduodenal adenomas, and extraintestinal tumors. Desmoid tumors can be serious complication in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. There may be some association in the genesis of desmoid tumors and gastric fundic gland polyposis.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1997

Diffuse cystic malformation and neoplasia-associated cystic formation in the stomach. Endosonographic features and diagnosis of tumor depth.

We have evaluated the endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) features of cystic malformation of the stomach and the depth of associated neoplasia. We included 15 patients with multiple cystic components identified on EUS: 6 patients with multiple cysts restricted focally to gastric neoplasia and 9 patients with diffusely distributed cysts. We categorized the former findings as focal cystic malformation (FCM), and the latter as diffuse cystic malformation (DCM) of the stomach and reviewed the endosonographic features. Both FCM and DCM tended to show male preponderance and develop in older patients. Cystic changes in FCM extended from the neoplastic lesion to the submucosa regardless of the location in the stomach. Diffuse cystic malformation was located predominantly in the gastric body and mainly was shown as the thickened submucosa and/or deep mucosa with multiple cystic components. The boundary between the mucosal layer or the tumor echo and the submucosal layer was indistinct in eight patients, which led to a lower accuracy in EUS diagnosis of tumor depth. Diffuse cystic malformation has characteristic EUS features and occasionally is accompanied by gastric neoplasia. Endoscopic ultrasonography is inaccurate in determining tumor depth when multiple submucosal cysts are present.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Antitumor activity of a novel quinoline derivative, TAS-103, with inhibitory effects on topoisomerases I and II.

A novel quinoline derivative, TAS-103 (6-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-7H-indeno[2,1-c]quinolin -7-one dihydrochloride), was developed as an anticancer agent targeting topoisomerases (topo) I and II, with marked efficacy in solid tumors. TAS-103 inhibited topo I and II (IC50: 2 microM, 6.5 microM) at a concentration similar to or lower than those of previous agents, and had a strong cytotoxic effect on P388 and KB cells (IC50: 0.0011 microM, 0.0096 microM). TAS-103 stabilized topo I and II-DNA cleavable complexes in KB cells, generating a similar amount of topo II-DNA complex to that induced by etoposide (VP-16) but a smaller amount of topo I-DNA complex than that produced by camptothecin (CPT). In the in vivo study, intermittent i.v. administration was markedly effective against s.c.-implanted murine tumors. Furthermore, TAS-103 had marked efficacy against various lung metastatic tumors, and a broad antitumor spectrum in human tumor xenografts (derived from lung, colon, stomach, breast, and pancreatic cancer). The efficacy of TAS-103 was generally greater than that of irinotecan (CPT-11), VP-16, or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Age-related changes of serum progastrin-releasing peptide levels during childhood.

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) has attracted much attention in recent years because it has become recognized as a significant tissue-specific growth factor. To investigate the physiological significance of this peptide in growing children, the time course of serum ProGRP(31-98) level, a precursor hormone of GRP, in children was assessed. A total of 118 serum samples including cord blood was examined with informed consent by using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system to measure serum ProGRP(31-98). The serum ProGRP(31-98) level was highest in cord blood and neonatal samples, rapidly declined by 1 year of age and then gradually declined to the adult level by 5 years of age. This time-dependent change of serum ProGRP(31-98) level suggests the importance of GRP as a physiological growth factor in fetal and neonatal tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Photochemically induced colonic ischaemic lesions: a new model of ischaemic colitis in rats.

BACKGROUND: Recent clinical studies suggest that ischaemic colitis is caused by a microcirculatory disturbance that involves thrombosis of the colon. AIM: To establish a new model of photochemically induced ischaemic colitis in rats. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were anaesthetised with amobarbital, the femoral veins were cannulated and laparotomies were performed. The serosal surface of the proximal colon was irradiated by using a krypton laser (wavelength 568 nm, 20 mW) for four minutes. An intravenous infusion of a photosensitising dye, rose bengal (20 mg/kg body weight), was administered over 90 seconds, beginning at the start of irradiation. Rats were killed immediately (n = 4), 12 hours (n = 2), 24 hours (n = 10), three days (n = 4), seven days (n = 4), 14 days (n = 2), or 28 days (n = 2) after irradiation. Two control rats received laser irradiation without dye infusion. Specimens of the irradiated sites were examined by using histopathology. RESULTS: Localised ulcers of the colon were present in rats killed at 12 hours, 24 hours, three days, and seven days after irradiation. Microscopy findings were consistent with the features of human ischaemic colitis. Reproducible ulcerative lesions were produced by photothrombosis of microvessels in the colon. CONCLUSION: This model may be useful for further investigation of the pathophysiology of ischaemic colitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Juvenile polyposis of the stomach: clinicopathological features and its malignant potential.

AIMS: To clarify a clinical entity of juvenile polyposis of the stomach compared with generalised juvenile gastrointestinal polyposis. METHODS: The clinicopathological features of juvenile polyposis dominantly involving the stomach at initial presentation were reviewed in 12 patients (three new patients and nine from the literature). These were compared with 29 cases of generalised juvenile gastrointestinal polyposis. RESULTS: There were three men and nine women with juvenile polyposis of the stomach, aged 10-63 years. Hypoproteinaemia was present in nine patients, anaemia in seven, and a family history of intestinal polyposis in seven. No patient presented with a congenital abnormality. During the observation period, two patients developed colonic juvenile polyps. Gastric polyps invariably affected the antrum and extended to the fundus, eventually becoming more numerous, larger, and more pedunculated. Ten patients required gastrectomy for associated malignancy or uncontrolled protein losing gastropathy. Histological examinations of the resected specimens demonstrated neoplastic tissue arising from juvenile polyps in four of the 12 patients. Atypism in these mixed polyps varied from adenoma to well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Juvenile polyposis of the stomach has malignant potential, and may be a separate entity from generalised juvenile gastrointestinal polyposis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

In vitro regulation of insulin release and biosynthesis of fetal rat pancreatic cells explanted on pregnancy day 16.

Although the morphological development of the fetal pancreatic B cell has been studied in considerable detail, knowledge about the functional maturation, particularly in early stages of development, is still poor. The present paper describes a method for monolayer culture of fetal rat islet cells which allows a study of the regulation of insulin biosynthesis, release and content during critical stages of embryonic and fetal development. Suspensions of pancreatic cells were prepared from rat fetuses on pregnancy day 16 and cultured for 3 days. During the initial 2 days cultures were performed in the presence of 5 or 15 mmol/l glucose. During this initial period, culture at 5 mmol/l glucose was carried out in the presence or absence of either 10 mmol/l nicotinamide (NA) or 5 or 100 ng/ml nerve growth factor (NGF). After changing the media the cells were further exposed for 24 h to either 5 or 15 mmol/l glucose or 15 mmol/l glucose plus 5 mmol/l theophylline before measuring the insulin concentration in the culture medium. Cells that had initially been cultured for 2 days in 5 mmol/l glucose showed an increased insulin release, when subsequently cultured in 15 mmol/l glucose for 24 h. Theophylline potentiated the response and caused a decrease in cellular insulin content. Cells initially cultured in the presence of 15 mmol/l glucose showed unchanged insulin release during the subsequent 24-hour exposure to 15 mmol/l glucose, irrespective of the presence or absence of theophylline. The presence of NGF (100 ng/ml) during the initial 2-day culture period increased the insulin release in the presence of 15 mmol/l glucose and theophylline during the subsequent 24-hour culture period as compared to cells cultured in the absence of NGF. When cells were first exposed to either NA or NGF followed by exposure to 5 mmol/l glucose alone in the last 24-hour culture period, there was an increased insulin content. Rates of insulin biosynthesis remained unchanged irrespective of the glucose concentration in the culture medium. It is concluded that, already in early fetal development, B cells show glucose stimulation of insulin release albeit less pronounced than in the postnatal state.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Magnetic resonance imaging of rat head with a high-strength (4.7 T) magnetic field.

This study was designed to seek the appropriate scanning parameters for T1 and T2 weighted images of rat head by use of a high (4.7 T) magnetic field strength magnetic resonance imaging unit. The optimum values of variables for T1 weighted images were considered to be a time of repetition of 1,000 msec, and for T2 weighted images, 8 echoes. When the sagittal images of a healthy rat head were scanned using these optimum values, the cerebrum, cerebellum, olfactory bulb, pituitary gland, pineal gland, spinal cord, tongue, nasopharynx, nasal conchae, vermis and cerebrospinal fluid were clearly observed in either T1 or T2 weighted images. Moreover, a primary brain tumor induced by ethylnitrosourea was depicted as a high signal intensity mass in T2 and contrast-enhanced T1 weighted images.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Favorable effect of hemodialysis on decreased serum antioxidant activity in hemodialysis patients demonstrated by electron spin resonance.

There is considerable evidence that uremic patients are in a highly peroxidative state. The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum antioxidant activity that may regulate, or represent, the redox state in vivo. Serum from pre- and posthemodialysis patients and from healthy control subjects was added to a system generating the hydroxyl radical, and then the signal intensities of reactive oxygen species were measured by electron spin resonance and spin-trapping technique. The electron spin resonance signals of the reaction mixture containing prehemodialysis sera were significantly stronger than those of the reaction mixture containing healthy sera (P < 0.001, n = 19), and there was no significant difference in the signals between the reaction mixture containing posthemodialysis and healthy sera. These findings demonstrated that serum antioxidant activity in hemodialysis patients is significantly decreased, and this pathological condition is improved by hemodialysis treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolation from pharyngeal swab cultures of Japanese elderly at admission to a geriatric hospital.

The isolation rate of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) from pharyngeal swab cultures in Japanese elderly was studied at admission to a geriatric hospital. The subjects were 233 consecutive patients admitted to Kitakyushu Tsuyazaki Hospital from April 1994 to March 1996. The isolation rate of MRSA was 3.0% in the patients admitted from their own homes, 9.7% in those transferred from nursing homes and 14.0% in those transferred from other hospitals. The patients from their own homes were younger than those from nursing homes, the latter being older than those transferring from other hospitals. The patients from their own homes had better activities of daily living(ADL), higher levels of hemoglobin and serum albumin than those from nursing homes or other hospitals. The white blood cell counts, and the proportion of patients with positive c-reactive protein or with fever did not differ among the three groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that fever and ADL disability were independent risk factors for the isolation of MRSA, and hypoalbuminemia was a risk factor for MRSA isolation in the model using serum albumin instead of ADL score. These results suggest that the lower isolation rate MRSA among patients from their own homes may be partly due to better ADL and nutritional status compared with those from nursing homes or other hospitals.

Aged↗