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Biomedical subjects

K Aoyagi

Publications and source records attributed to K Aoyagi.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Red cell folate concentrations in patients with Crohn's disease on parenteral nutrition.

To examine changes in the folate concentrations in red cell during relatively long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN), 10 Japanese patients with Crohn's disease (7 males), the mean Crohn's disease activity index on admission being 211, were given folic acid in a dose of 400 micrograms/day (AMA-FDA formulation) or 800 micrograms/day for 6-16 weeks (mean 10.5). The red cell folate concentrations were determined before TPN and once every week or 2-4 weeks thereafter. The folate concentrations were very low even after TPN with folic acid of 400 micrograms/day. In those given 800 micrograms of daily folic acid, the folate levels tended to increase, but did not reach the normal range. We propose that folic acid over 800 micrograms/day or a double dose of AMA-FDA formulation should be prescribed for Crohn's disease treated with long-term TPN.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Methylguanidine synthesis by active oxygen generated by stimulated human neutrophils].

In previous papers, we have reported that methylguanidine (MG), a known uremic toxin, was synthesized from creatinine (Cr) by active oxygen generated not only by chemical reagents but also by isolated rat hepatocytes. In this paper, we studied whether or not active oxygen generated by stimulated human neutrophils produces MG from Cr. MG was measured after incubating 2 x 10(6) human neutrophils for 2 h in 1 ml of Hanks' balanced salt solution (pH 7.4) containing 100 mg/dl Cr at 37 degrees C after the addition of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). MG was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography followed by reaction with 9, 10-phenanthrenequinone. MG was synthesized by the stimulated neutrophils and not by the unstimulated ones. MG synthesis reached a plateau (1.11 +/- 0.03 nmol/120 min/2 x 10(6) cells) at a concentration of 0.125 microM PMA and reached a maximum value (1.95 +/- 0.03 nmol/120 min/2 x 10(6) cells) at a concentration of 100 mg/dl Cr. MG synthesis increased depending on the concentration of neutrophils between 1 and 8 x 10(6)/ml and increased depending on the duration of incubation up to 4 h. MG synthesis was strongly inhibited by superoxide dismutase, by the scavengers of hypochloride (taurine and methionine) and by sodium azide. Catalase and the scavenger of the hydroxyl radical (dimethyl sulfoxide) inhibited MG synthesis less effectively. The effects of the scavengers of active oxygen suggest the participation of active oxygen in MG synthesis from Cr in this system. Among the active oxygen species, superoxide anion and hypochloride play an important role in this system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1988

Effects of dilevalol, an R, R-isomer of labetalol, on blood pressure and renal function in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension.

The effects of oral dilevalol (an R, R-isomer of labetalol), a new beta-adrenoceptor blocker with beta 2-receptor stimulating and alpha-recepter blocking properties on blood pressure, renal function, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone have been studied in 15 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension treated with it for 6 weeks. Two patients with apparent treatment failure and one patient who developed muscle pain and cramps, and had an elevated creatine phosphokinase level, were excluded from the study. Dilevalol monotherapy 100 mg once daily for 6 weeks significantly lowered both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to placebo. Total renal vascular resistance was significantly reduced, and RBF and GFR remained unchanged. Dilevalol significantly decreased PRA. The results suggest that prolonged daily treatment with dilevalol preserves renal function and produces a concomitant hypotensive action in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. The ancillary pharmacological properties of dilevalol rather than PRA suppression may be relevant to its renal effects.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1988

Cell-specific expression of pyruvate, pi dikinase : in situ mRNA hybridization and immunolocalization labeling of protein in wheat seed.

Pyruvate, Pi dikinase (PPDK) is a key enzyme in the C4 photosynthetic pathway. However, its metabolic role in C3 plants remains uncertain. Northern blot analyses of PPDK mRNAs from wheat leaves and seeds probed with maize PPDK cDNA indicates the presence of organ-specific mRNAs. Immunofluorescent labeling of protein in wheat seed demonstrate that the PPDK polypeptide and the ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit polypeptide are localized predominantly in the aleurone layer and the chlorophyllous pericarp tissue, respectively. This differential distribution of the two polypeptides in wheat seed is paralleled by the differential localization of the their mRNAs as revealed by in situ hybridization. These results suggest a distinct role of cytoplasmic PPDK in seeds, which is different from the well established role in C4 photosynthesis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Changes in cortical thickness of the clavicle and serum bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in the elderly in an island community in western Japan.

The cortical thickness of the clavicle (CTC), concentrations of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing (Gla) protein (s-BGP, osteocalcin), alkaline phosphatase (s-ALP), calcium (s-Ca) and inorganic phosphorus (s-P) in serum, and calcium/creatinine (u-Ca/Cr) and inorganic phosphorus/creatinine (u-P/Cr) ratios in urine were examined in 211 subjects aged over 40 years in Oshima Island in Nagasaki prefecture. CTC decreased and s-BGP increased with age in both sexes, especially in women. Serum BGP was significantly higher in women than in men at the ages of 50's and over. Serum ALP in women increased until the ages of 60's. Serum Ca at the ages of 50's and s-P at the ages of 60's and over were higher in women than in men. As the increase in s-BGP is reported to be coincident with active bone formation, our findings do not support the view that age-related bone loss, especially in women, primarily results from decrease in bone formation.

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗
PubMed1988

Gastroduodenal lesions after transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

We investigated the incidence and endoscopic features of gastroduodenal lesions which appeared after transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization (TACE), performed 29 times in 25 patients with inoperative hepatocellular carcinoma. The new development or exacerbation of the gastroduodenal lesions after TACE was evident in 13 of the 29 (45%). The side of the lesions ranged from the gastric body to the second portion of the duodenum, and the lesions that developed were multiple ulcers in four, and multiple erosions with white coat in nine. The development of these gastroduodenal lesions may be due to mucosal ischemia caused by embolic materials, the toxic effect of antineoplastic drugs infuse, or to stress. In light of these events, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy should be added to the usual examinations done for patients undergoing TACE.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Cerebellar ganglioglioma: a case report].

A case of cerebellar ganglioglioma is reported. A 22-year-old female was admitted to the Kurume University Hospital on August 19, 1985, suffering from headache, vomiting and gait disturbance. On admission, neurological examination revealed staggering gait and the right cerebellar ataxia showing dysmetria and dysdiadochokinesis. Mild choked disc in the right fundus was also noted. Plain CT scan showed the low-density area involving the right cerebellar hemisphere and the part of the vermis with internal hydrocephalus. Enhanced CT scan showed the high-density area adjacent to the low-density area suggesting a mural nodule. A vertebral angiogram in the arterial phase showed an expansive lesion in the posterior fossa and the tumor stain, which was also visualized in the venous phase. An emergency suboccipital craniectomy was then performed. With opening the tense dura mater, the cyst formation was noted and 30 ml of xanthochromic fluid was then aspirated. A well demarcated mural nodule was noted in the lateral wall of the cyst. The nodule was then extirpated in toto. The hypertrophy of the cerebellar cortex was not observed. Histologically, the tumor was consisted of nerve fiber, glial fiber and neuronal cells. Its architecture was differed distinctly from that of hamartomatous diffuse hypertrophy of the cerebellar cortex (Lhermitte-Duclos' disease). Immunohistochemically, the neuronal cells revealed positive staining for NSE and S-100, and the glial cells displayed positive staining for GFAP, S-100. The authors reviewed previously reported eleven cases of cerebellar ganglioglioma including the present case. These results showed that cerebellar gangliogliomas have some characteristic clinical features among general intracranial gangliogliomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Evidence for the role of active oxygen in guanidine synthesis in haemodialysis patients and in vitro.

This study clarifies the correlation between guanidino compounds and other laboratory findings including peroxidative markers in the sera of patients undergoing regular haemodialysis. The concentration of guanidine, for example, correlates significantly with iron, ferritin, and malondialdehyde. Guanidine is synthesized from various guanidino compounds such as arginine, guanidinoacetic acid, creatinine, creatine, methylguanidine, guanidinosuccinic acid, and canavanine in vitro by the hydroxyl radical. These results suggest that guanidine is synthesized as a result of active oxygen, and demonstrates the importance of guanidine as an indicator of the peroxidative state in patients with uraemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Single neuron activity of rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus during body suspension.

Single neuron activity in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was recorded during horizontal and 45 degrees head-down tilt suspension in unanesthetized rats. When the rats were raised in the head-down position, 13 of 34 neurons (38%) in the PVN changed activity as follows: gradual decrease (11/13, type I), or gradual increase (2/13, type II). Responses of 6 type I and 1 type II neuron were smaller during horizontal suspension. Intracerebroventricular or intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic saline caused an increase in activity of 4 of 5 type I neurons tested. This hyperosmotic stimulation had no effect during suppressed activity induced by head-down tilt. These results suggest that the activity of PVN neurons is altered during body suspension, probably by information from baroreceptors in the thoracic activity, proprioreceptors and/or the vestibular organ, and these neurons might be involved in regulation of the autonomic and neuroendocrine systems.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1987

Multiple oral doses of nicardipine, a calcium-entry blocker: effects on renal function, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone concentration in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension.

We studied the effects of nicardipine administered in a 4-week fixed oral maintenance dosage (20 or 40 mg t.i.d.) on renal function, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma aldosterone concentration in seven patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were measured by means of sodium thiosulfate and para-aminohippurate, respectively. Nicardipine increased renal blood flow by 11.5% +/- 4.3% (mean +/- SE; P less than 0.05) and glomerular filtration rate by 16.3% +/- 6.4% (P less than 0.05) and decreased total renal vascular resistance by 30.0% +/- 2.7% (P less than 0.05), with a significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure as compared with placebo values. Nicardipine increased PRA significantly (P less than 0.05), whereas plasma aldosterone concentration remained unchanged. Our results indicate that nicardipine given in a multiple oral dosage has some favorable renal effects with a concomitant hypotensive action in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Nicardipine appears to blunt the secretion of aldosterone responding to an increased PRA possibly through its calcium-antagonizing action.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Aplastic anemia associated with type A viral hepatitis--possible role of T-lymphocytes.

Posthepatitic aplastic anemia (PHAA) is rather uncommon. Most reported cases have developed after non-A, non-B or B type hepatitis. The only case of PHAA occurring after hepatitis A reported so far, was described by Smith et al., who diagnosed it by the long-term elevation of IgG-class antibody in response to hepatitis A virus. Recently, the detection of IgM-class antibody specific against hepatitis A virus (IgM anti-HAV) has been commonly employed for precise diagnosis of hepatitis A. The case reported here is the first case of PHAA occurring after hepatitis A to be diagnosed by radioimmunoassay of IgM anti-HAV. Furthermore, evidence is presented suggesting that the PHAA may have been an immune-related response. Addition of the patient's peripheral T-lymphocytes to cultures of her own bone marrow cells resulted in a reduction in the number of colony-forming units in culture (CFU-C).

Adult↗