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Biomedical subjects

K Aoyagi

Publications and source records attributed to K Aoyagi.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Remnant-stump gastric cancer following partial gastrectomy-clinicopathological studies.

Forty-five cases of remnant-stump (R-S) gastric cancer were investigated retrospectively, comparing those which were initially benign (Group 1: 31 cases) with those which were initially malignant (Group 2: 14 cases). The incidence of R-S gastric cancer over all gastrectomy cases from 1967 to 1994 was 1.4% (45/3,282). The mean period until development of the R-S gastric cancer following partial gastrectomy was 21.6 years in Group 1 and was 15.8 years in Group 2 (p < 0.05). Of those R-S cases that underwent resection, total gastrectomy was selected for 82% in Group 1 and for 85% in Group 2. The incidence of negative lymph nodes was only 25% in Group 1 and 62% in Group 2 (p < 0.05). The pathological stage I was 21% in Group 1 and 54% in Group 2 (p < 0.05). The 5-year-survival rate was 32% in Group 1 and was 62% in Group 2 (p < 0.05). To improve the prognosis for R-S gastric cancer, periodic endoscopic follow-up examinations to find any R-S cancer at the earliest stage is most important, especially in cases of a partial gastrectomy for an initially benign case.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the stomach-clinicopathological studies.

The clinical and morphological features of 58 cases of the rare mucinous adenocarcinoma of the stomach (MUC) were investigated and compared to those of other pathological types. The incidence of MUC was only 2.9% of all cases of resected gastric cancer. Among the 58 cases of MUC, the incidence of early cases was only 19% (Group 1), while among other pathological types of cancer, it was 42% (Group 2) (p < 0.001). The incidence of early mucosal cancer was 0% in Group 1, and 54% in Group 2 of the resected early gastric cancer. The incidence of lymph node metastasis rate was 81% in Group 1, and was 46% in Group 2 (p < 0.001). The presence of peritoneal dissemination was 21% in Group 1, and was 8% in Group 2 (p < 0.001). The incidence of liver metastasis pre- and intraoperatively was 0% in Group 1, and was 3.5% in Group 2. The overall 5-year-survival rate was 45% in Group 1, and was 61% in Group 2 (p < 0.05). In stage III, the 5-year-survival rate was 30% in Group 1, and was 49% in Group 2 (p < 0.05). There was no statistical prognostic difference between the two groups in stage I, II and stage IV. Therefore, to improve the outcome for MUC, more effective radical gastrectomy and aggressive immunochemotherapy should be selected especially for stage III mucinous adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1996

Use of endosonographic evaluation of colorectal tumor depth in determining the appropriateness of endoscopic mucosal resection.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy with which endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is able to differentiate between mucosal and submucosal invasion for application of endoscopic resection. METHODS: We prospectively analyzed 60 patients who were diagnosed with early cancer by conventional EUS with regard to the accuracy of mucosal neoplasia as a function of gender, age, location, size, endoscopic configuration, histological diagnosis, and method of resection. RESULTS: Forty lesions interpreted as mucosal by EUS were shown histologically to include 32 lesions in the mucosa and eight in the submucosa or deeper, whereas 20 tumors interpreted as invasive cancer included six lesions in the mucosa and 14 in the submucosa or deeper. The accuracy of mucosal neoplasia (AMN) detection was 77% (true-positive and true-negative mucosal neoplasias divided by all lesions). Assessment of pure cancers without adenomatous components produced a significantly lower AMN (59%, p = 0.03) than the assessment of pure adenomas (95%) or cancers in adenomas (87%). However, there were no significant differences in the EUS assessment of intramucosal neoplasia as a function of sex, age, endoscopic configuration, size, location, or treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that conventional EUS interpretation alone cannot determine the appropriate treatment for early colorectal cancer.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1996

Correlation between disease activity and arterial blood pressure in Crohn's disease.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess haemodynamics in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) receiving total parenteral or enteral nutrition (TPEN). METHODS: We compared changes in systemic arterial blood pressure (BP) before and after 48 courses of TPEN in 34 patients with CD and 19 courses of TPEN in 10 patients with other gastrointestinal diseases. We simultaneously measured the Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) and biochemical parameters. RESULTS: BP increased significantly during TPEN in CD patients (after: 85.1 +/- 7.4 mmHg vs. before: 75.2 +/- 7.9 mmHg, P < 0.001). The increase in BP was negatively correlated with changes in the Crohn's disease activity index. BP decreased significantly after TPEN in patients with other diseases (P < 0.001), despite an improvement in their general condition. There was no significant difference in volume status between CD patients and patients with other diseases. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that determination of arterial blood pressure may be useful for assessing disease severity in patients with CD and that a fall in blood pressure may contribute to disease activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Immunohistochemical analysis of c-erB-2 and nm23 expression in early gastric carcinoma].

The expression of c-erB-2 and nm23 genes product were investigated immunohistochemically in 108 resected cases of early gastric cancer. The expression rate of c-erB-2 was significantly higher in the cases of submucosal cancer or in the cases with lymph node metastasis. The expression rate of c-erB-2 was higher in the metastatic tumor than in the primary tumor. There was no significant correlation between the expression of nm23 and depth of invasion. The expression rate of nm23 was lower in the cases with lymph node metastasis than in the cases without lymph node metastasis. The expression could not be found in the metastatic tumor. These results suggest that there would be correlation between the expression of c-erB-2 and depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis, and the nm23 may suppress metastatic potential in early gastric cancer.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Effect of glutamine supplement and hepatectomy on DNA and protein synthesis in the remnant liver.

One of the physiological roles of glutamine is as a precursor for DNA synthesis. The aims of this study were to determine (1) whether glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition (TPN) enhanced DNA and protein synthesis in the liver and (2) whether glutamine uptake was increased following partial hepatectomy in rats. Male Donryu rats (n = 59; body weight, 250-275 g) were randomized into four groups: (1) sham operation + standard TPN solution (C-STPN); (2) C + glutamine-supplemented TPN (C-GTPN); (3) 70% partial hepatectomy + STPN (H-STPN); (4) partial hepatectomy + GTPN (H-GTPN). On Day 0, rats underwent either a sham operation or 70% partial hepatectomy and concomitantly were catheterized in the jugular vein. TPN was begun immediately after the surgery. GTPN was isocaloric and isonitrogenous with STPN and 25% of total nitrogen was given as glutamine. On Day 2, the animals were sacrificed after either a continuous infusion of 1-14C-leucine or a bolus i.v. injection of bromodeoxyuridine. The rate of hepatic regeneration was enhanced with glutamine supplementation (H-STPN, 60.8 +/- 1.6% vs H-GTPN, 66.3 +/- 2.0, P < 0.05) due to an increase in protein synthesis in the liver (H-STPN, 134.0 +/- 10.3%/day vs H-GTPN, 160.9 +/- 6.9, P < 0.05) and DNA synthesis in hepatocytes (H-STPN, 23.1 +/- 2.5% vs H-GTPN, 31.4 +/- 2.9, P < 0.05). The uptake of glutamine by the liver was increased following hepatectomy with GTPN supplementation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Possible neoplastic transformation within gastric hyperplastic polyp. Application of endoscopic polypectomy.

A total of 263 gastric hyperplastic polyps, which had been removed endoscopically from 202 patients, were clinicopathologically analyzed. Among these polyps, there were nine polyps with neoplastic components (3.4%), corresponding to adenoma in five lesions and mucosal adenocarcinoma in four lesions. Comparing the neoplastic transformed polyps with the pure hyperplastic polyps, there was no significant difference according to age, gender, location, gross appearance, or size. However, the transformed polyps which were located in the lower third of the stomach were larger in size (mean, 20.8 mm) and were more likely to be found among older patients (mean, 75.8 years) than were the pure hyperplastic polyps (mean size and age: 14.5 mm and 61.8 years). These results may indicate the possibility of a different carcinogenesis belonging to gastric hyperplastic polyps by location, and this finding seems to be significant in the application of endoscopic polypectomy.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1995

Small flat cancer of the rectum: clinicopathologic and endoscopic features.

The clinicopathologic and endoscopic features of 15 patients with small flat cancer of the rectum were investigated. Whereas 4 patients had hematochezia, the remaining 11 patients were asymptomatic, and stool positive for occult blood was the only remarkable clinical feature in 8 of them. Endoscopic features were slight elevation with central depression in 8 lesions, flat-topped elevation in 4, and shallow depression with irregular margin in 3. The surface of the tumor was often faint red in color and frequently characterized by mucosal friability. Five flat rectal cancers were missed during initial endoscopy, and they were found by repeated endoscopic examination. Three flat cancers were not identified in the distal rectum until retroflexed colonoscopic observation was performed. Although all tumors were smaller than 2 cm in diameter and 6 of them were under 1 cm, 9 lesions had deeply invaded the submucosal layer and 7 tumors showed lymphovascular permeation. Two lesions of 1 cm or greater had metastasized to perirectal lymph nodes. These results suggest that careful observation during endoscopy is necessary to detect flat rectal cancers, and a U-turn to examine the anorectal junction should be routinely done in the appropriate age group.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Cytokine mRNA expression patterns in human esophageal cancer cell lines.

The mRNA expression for 21 kinds of cytokines was measured in six human esophageal cancer cell lines using RT-PCR. More than moderate levels of RNA for IL-1 alpha were expressed in six of six cell lines, IL-1 beta in four, IL-6 in six, IL-7 in five, IL-10 in six, G-CSF in six, GM-CSF in six, SCF in six, MIP-2 beta in two, and LIF in six. None of the tumors expressed detectable message for IL-2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, 13, or IRAP after 30 cycles of PCR amplification. IL-1 alpha, IL-6, M-CSF, and GM-CSF levels in the culture supernatants were detectable using ELISA in three of six, four of six, one of six, and six of six ECCs, respectively. IL-1 beta, IL-2, TNF-alpha, and G-CSF were not detectable in all ECCs. There was no correlation between cytokine mRNA expression and production. These results suggest the existence of a complicated cytokine network around esophageal carcinomas that may affect their growth and proliferation.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of pro-gastrin-releasing peptide for small cell lung cancer patients in comparison with neuron-specific enolase measurement.

Our previous study demonstrated that pro-gastrin-releasing peptide(31-98), or ProGRP, is a specific tumor marker in patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Using a newly developed, highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for ProGRP, we analyzed 1,446 samples including those obtained from 478 lung cancer patients to evaluate the clinical usefulness of this ELISA. Several properties indicated that ProGRP is a useful tumor marker for SCLC. First, ProGRP was specifically elevated in SCLC patients. In non-SCLC patients and patients with non-tumorous lung diseases, its serum level was very rarely elevated. Secondly, ProGRP was a reliable marker, in terms of the marked elevation of serum ProGRP levels in SCLC patients. Thirdly, serum ProGRP levels were elevated in SCLC patients even at a relatively early stage of this disease. Fourthly, changes in the serum ProGRP level showed an excellent correlation with the therapeutic responses in SCLC patients. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is accepted as a tumor marker of SCLC patients. With the aim of comparing ProGRP and NSE as tumor markers for SCLC patients, we measured serum NSE levels in all samples collected in the present study. We found that ProGRP was superior to NSE in terms of sensitivity, specificity and reliability. Therefore, we consider that ProGRP can play a major role as a clinical tumor marker for SCLC patients.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1995

Posttraumatic intestinal stenosis: clinical and radiographic features in four patients.

PURPOSE: To characterize posttraumatic intestinal stenosis clinically and radiographically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical records and radiographic and pathologic findings were reviewed in four patients with posttraumatic stenosis. RESULTS: The patients experienced abdominal symptoms from 1 to 18 weeks after the trauma. While the small intestine was affected in two patients with ileus, the colon was involved in the other two patients with rectal bleeding or diarrhea. Barium studies showed an irregular contour within the severely narrowed intestine in three patients, even 25 weeks after the trauma. In these three patients, pathologic examinations of the resected specimens revealed a circumferential, open ulcer, whereas a scarred ulcer was present in the other patient. CONCLUSION: Posttraumatic intestinal stenosis is clinically characterized by a delayed onset of symptoms that differ according to the site of involvement. This condition should be included in the differential diagnosis of intestinal stenosis.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1995

Experimental methods for immunization and challenge in antigenicity studies in guinea pigs.

Optimal experimental methods for antigenicity studies in guinea pigs were investigated on: (1) the effects of different immunizing methods using complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvants (CFA or IFA), and various injection sites, the number of immunizations, the immunizing doses, and the immunizing periods, (2) the relationship between the severity of active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) reactions and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) titers, (3) positive control for oral administration, and (4) the effects of incubation mixture of drug and serum protein as the challenge for the ASA assay. The following results provided useful information for designing more appropriate methods for antigenicity studies: (1) The optimal immunization method for benzylpenicillin (PcG), cephaloridine, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and adriamycin, which were selected as positive controls for low molecular medicines in this experiment, involved subcutaneous administration of 1 ml of a test substance in CFA (1st immunization) or IFA (2nd and 3rd immunizations) at two doses, 1 and 10 mg/animal, 3 times at 2-week intervals on the back of a guinea pig. Blood collection for PCA assay was needed 2 weeks after the last immunization, and ASA assay, 1 or 2 days after the blood collection. (2) The insensitivity of ASA reactions in bovine serum albumin-immunized animals with very high PCA titers was overcome by increasing the challenge antigen dose from 1 to 10 mg/animal. (3) Most animals administered lysozyme at 0.1, 1 or 10 mg/animal by gavage for 2 weeks or more showed ASA and PCA reactions. (4) Incubation of a mixture of 20 mg/ml of PcG and 2 mg/ml of guinea pig serum albumin for 4 hr was the most effective as challenge for the induction of ASA reaction in PcG-immunized guinea pigs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Plasmodium vivax malaria infection diagnosed by indirect fluorescent antibody test.

We present the diagnostically challenging case of a 51-year-old Japanese male who visited Papua New Guinea for one month. Approximately a month after returning to Japan, he experienced a high fever. Malaria was suspected and he was admitted to Tsukuba University Hospital. Although the blood smear did not reveal the malarial parasite, a diagnosis of malaria was made using an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The patient was treated and discharged but symptoms returned three months later. This time, the blood smear was positive for malarial parasites. IFAT was useful in this case for the early diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax and for ruling out infection by Plasmodium falciparum.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Early mucosal gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis.

From 1976 to 1992, a total of 358 cases of mucosal early gastric cancer (m-cancer) were treated by resection in the First Department of Surgery, Kurume University Hospital. Eight (2.2%) of these 358 cases of m-cancer were associated with lymph node metastasis. In these 358 cases, the mean diameter of the tumor was 2.75 cm, and the mean age was 59.6 years. In the 8 cases of m-cancer with positive lymph node metastasis (n(+)), the mean diameter was 5.2 cm and the mean age was 51.6 years. Seven (87.5%) out of the 8 cases of m-cancer with n(+) were IIc macroscopic cancer type and were associated with ulcer and/or ulcer scar.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Resected early gastric cancer--clinicopathological studies on 610 cases.

A total of 610 cases of early gastric cancer were studied, retrospectively. Of these, 541 (88.7%) cases were single and 62 (10.1%) cases were multiple cancers. Lymph node metastasis occurred in 11.2% of the elevated, in 8.2% of the depressed and in 15.1% of the mixed type. There was no lymph node metastasis when a mucosal or submucosal cancer was less than 10 mm in diameter. By contrast, in the cases in which the preoperative diagnosis was suspected advanced cancer, the incidence of lymph node metastasis was high, at 33%. Therefore, when the preoperative diagnosis is advanced cancer, standard radical gastrectomy and/or extended radical gastrectomy should be selected even though they are found to be early gastric cancer. The age-corrected 5-year survival rate was 98.5% in the cases with no lymph node metastasis and 93.0% in the cases with lymph node metastasis (p > 0.05). The 5-year survival rate was 100% in mucosal cancer and 95.5% in submucosal cancer (p > 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Enzyme immunoassay of immunoreactive progastrin-releasing peptide(31-98) as tumor marker for small-cell lung carcinoma: development and evaluation.

Previously, using recombinant human progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP)(31-98), we developed a RIA for ProGRP(31-98) and demonstrated that the determination of serum ProGRP(31-98) was a reliable marker for small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) (Miyake et al., Cancer Res 1994;54:2136-40). Aiming for a more convenient assay system, we have now developed and evaluated a highly sensitive and specific ELISA for ProGRP(31-98). Only 50 microL of nonextracted serum is needed, and results are obtained in only 2 h. Intraassay and between-day CVs were 1.7-4.6% and 4.2-6.8%, respectively. The log-log calibration curve was linear to 1000 ng/L, and analytical recovery was 91.5-108.7%. The detection limit of this assay, 1.9 ng/L, means that basal concentrations of ProGRP(31-98) were detectable in all healthy subjects. The cutoff value, based on the mean + 3 SD of concentrations in 247 healthy subjects, was set to 45.1 ng/L. Serum concentrations exceeded this value in 18 of 25 SCLC patients, similar to the frequency of increased values found by RIA previously. In contrast, the frequency of increased serum ProGRP(31-98) in patients with nonmalignant pulmonary diseases or non-SCLC was quite low: 0% and 5.0%, respectively. Such results may justify a clinical trial for evaluating this ELISA for the diagnosis and monitoring of SCLC patients.

Amino Acid Sequence↗