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Biomedical subjects

K Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to K Aoki.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Clinical and aetiological study of adenoviral conjunctivitis, with special reference to adenovirus types 4 and 19 infections.

The clinical and aetiological findings are presented on 343 patients with clinical adenoviral conjunctivitis treated between July 1979 and July 1980 at 3 eye clinics in Sapporo. The age of the patients ranged from 12 days to 79 years, and the monthly incidence of the disease from 9 to 83, with clustering in the summer season. The aetiological diagnosis was established in 196 (57%) of 343 patients: adenovirus 3 in 24 cases; adenovirus 4 in 33 cases, including one case serologically diagnosed; adenovirus 8 in 124 cases; and adenovirus 19 in 15 cases. The different serotypes caused different clinical pictures. Adenovirus 19 conjunctivitis was more severe, with keratitis and preauricular lymphadenopathy more frequent than that of adenovirus 3 conjunctivitis. Adenovirus 4 conjunctivitis was generally similar to adenovirus 3 conjunctivitis. The clinical difference between the 2 groups adenoviruses 3 and 4, and adenoviruses 8 and 9, was statistically significant. Although in Japan adenovirus 8 was the most prevalent, adenoviruses 4 and 19 should be considered as causative agents of adenoviral conjunctivitis.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1982

Effect of acute and chronic phenobarbital treatment on GABA and other amino acids contents in seven regions of the rat brain.

Effects of acute and chronic phenobarbital treatment on GABA, glutamate, aspartate, glycine and taurine contents in seven regions of the rat brain have been investigated. Rats treated chronically with phenobarbital maintained the hepatic changes known to follow short term treatment and high phenobarbital levels in the liver, brain and serum. After withdrawal, spontaneous convulsions were first observed when phenobarbital level in the serum fell to about 15 micrograms/ml. Chronic phenobarbital treatment resulted in the decrease of GABA content in the cerebral cortex, midbrain, hypothalamus, striatum and hippocampus. At 2 d after withdrawal, glutamate and aspartate contents were decreased and taurine content was increased with recovery of GABA content. Acute phenobarbital treatment resulted in the decrease of GABA and glutamate contents and the increase of taurine content. The changes of amino acid contents were different among seven regions of the rat brain, but phenobarbital distributed uniformly after acute and chronic treatment. These results indicate that GABA participates, at least in part, in phenobarbital action and abstinence syndrome may arise from a deficiency of GABA.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

Abnormal response of blood pressure to Master's two-step exercise in patients with essential hypertension.

To clarify the differences in response of blood pressure (BP) in the normotensives and the hypertensives (n = 30, 40 +/- 9 years, 142 +/- 17/91 +/- 14 mmHg, mean +/- SD), the subjects were divided into normotensives (N) (n = 13, 34 +/- 5 years, 114 +/- 6/72 +/- 8 mmHg), prehypertensives (n = 8, 38 +/- 11 years, 125 +/- 6/80 +/- 3 mmHg), borderlines (n = 13, 38 +/- 10 years, 140 +/- 12/85 +/- 9 mmHg), and established hypertensives (n = 9, 43 +/- 6 years, 161 +/- 9/108 +/- 8 mmHg). BP and heart rate were measured in the supine position after a 30-min bed rest and the recovery phase following the double Master's two-step exercise. The rise in systolic BP was significantly greater in the prehypertensives and in the borderlines than in N, but was insignificantly smaller in the established. The rise in diastolic BP was significantly greater in all the groups of the hypertensives than in N. This rise was significantly greater in the borderlines than in the established. A multiple regression correlated significantly between the rise in BP and the resting BP (r = 0.467 in systolic, and r = 0.373 in diastolic). Diastolic BP following exercise increased in the hypertensives, but fell in N. The rise in heart rate was not significantly different between the hypertensives and N. The hyperresponse observed in both prehypertensives and the borderlines was diminished in the established hypertensives. These results suggest that the hyperresponse of BP may play an important role in the development of hypertension in the patients with essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Etiology of mitral regurgitation in secundum atrial septal defect.

Non-rheumatic mitral regurgitation was found in 9.1% (27 patients) of all patients with secundum atrial septal defect (298 patients) who were operated on during a 13-year period at the Mitsui Memorial Hospital. This combined lesion was more frequent in female (12.3%, 19 patients) than male (5.6%, 8 patients), and the incidence tended to increase with age. Inspection at operation revealed a marked fibrous thickening of the anterior and posterior mitral valve leaflets with a localized bulging into the left atrium in the posteromedial commissural area. Similar, but less prominent change was found in nearly all patients above 20 years of age with mitral regurgitation, although the small area where the commissural chordae were attached was not involved. A friction between anterior and posterior mitral leaflets due to abnormal left ventricular motion secondary to the right ventricular volume overload might be responsible to the genesis of this lesion. Mitral annuloplasty was performed on 21 of 27 patients with a satisfactory result without operative mortality. Except one case of early death from cerebral thromboembolism they were all restored to a functional status of class I by NYHA standard within one year after operation, and there were no late death during a follow-up period of as long as 12 years. We propose a new entity "ASD, MR complex" for this combined lesion, as it demonstrates a specific pathophysiology, and necessitates a different procedure for surgical correction from that of a secundum atrial septal defect without other anomalies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Clinical and pharmacological properties of calcium antagonists in essential hypertension in humans and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The abnormal cellular contractile mechanisms causing the development of essential hypertension in humans and rats were investigated, primarily with the use of Ca2+ and Ca antagonists. Helical strips isolated from mesenteric arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (Aoki SHR) showed an increased Ca2+ -induced tension development in the presence of noradrenaline or a high potassium concentration. The tension development of the SHR strips was greatly inhibited by Ca antagonists. In the patients with essential hypertension, both elevated blood pressure and elevated total peripheral resistance were reduced to normal levels by Ca antagonists. The drugs increased cardiac output and stroke volume. The hypotensive effect of the drugs was due to arterial vasodilation. We concluded that there might be an abnormally high sensitivity of the cell membrane system of vascular smooth muscle to both Ca2+ and Ca antagonists in patients with essential hypertension and in SHR. Abnormalities in Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ uptake, and Ca2+ binding of the cell membrane, which cause the high sensitivity, might greatly increase the Ca2+ levels of cytosol in the muscle. The increased cytosol Ca2+ induces, in turn, either increased contraction or decreased relaxation and a decrease in the arterial lumen. Any decrease in the lumen results in peripheral resistance enhancement, which is responsible for the increase in arterial blood pressure in essential hypertension. Thus, we propose the membrane theory of essential hypertension--that membrane abnormalities lead to hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Acute hypotensive, hemodynamic effects of long-term treatment with niludipine, a Ca2+-antagonist, in patients with essential hypertension. Niludipine monotherapy and combination with a beta-blocker and a diuretic).

The acute effects of oral administration of niludipine (Bay a 7168), a new dihydropyridine derivative Ca2+-antagonist, on blood pressure (BP), hemodynamics and plasma renin activity (PRA) were investigated in patients with essential hypertension (n = 28) and normotensive volunteers (n = 7). In the hypertensives, BP was acutely lowered by 20 mg of niludipine (from 163/94 to 141/83 nmHg at 2 h, n = 7), 40 mg (163/101 to 140/90), and 60 mg (173/106 to 135/85). Niludipine (60 mg) increased cardiac output (CO; 5.13 to 7.56 l/min), stroke volume (79.0 to 107 ml/beat), and decreased total peripheral resistance (22.3 to 13.6 mmHg/l/min). In the normotensives, BP was not appreciably affected by 60 mg (decrease from 112/73 to 110/68). Heart rate (HR) and PRA were not influenced by the drug in all subjects. Long-term trials were carried out on 21 hypertensives. BP was reduced by niludipine monotherapy (20 mg, 4 times a day) from 167/97 to 140/80 mmHg at the 4th week and remained stable during the entire treatment. Addition of propranolol (10 mg, 4 times a day) did not lower BP any further, but tended to reduce HR. By adding penfluzide (2.5 mg a day) to this regimen, systolic BP was further lowered. Tachycardia, bradycardia, edema, increase in PRA or tachyphylaxis were not observed during the trial. The results indicate that niludipine, either alone or combined with propranolol and penfluzide, is effective in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

HLA-DR compatibility in couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions.

HLA antigens and antibodies of A,B and DR loci were investigated in order to study the relationship between early recurrent spontaneous abortions of unknown etiology and the HLA system, which is in a close relationship with the immune response. The frequencies of 8 HLA-A antigens, 21 HLA-B antigens and 10 HLA-DR antigens were determined in 26 patient couples, 45 control fertile couples without a history of abortion and 206 healthy adult controls (DR antigens in 106 controls). Sera from the wives in patient couples were tested for HLA-A, B, C and DR antibodies against their husbands' T and B lymphocytes and also against 2 panels of 29 typed T and B lymphocytes. Results obtained were as follows: 1) A significantly higher frequency of HLA-All antigen was found in the wives in patient couples as compared with the controls (corrected p less than 0.008). 2) A significantly higher frequency of one or two common HLA-DR antigens was shared by patient couples (84.6%, X2 = 21.66, p less than 0.001) as compared with control couples (24.4%). 3) Furthermore, a significantly higher frequency about HLA-DR locus without major incompatibility was found in patient couples (26.9%, X2 = 7.77, p less than 0.01) as compared with control couples (2.2%). 4) HLA-DR antibodies were not detected in the wives in patient couples at all. These results indicated that the compatibility of HLA-DR antigens or DR genes might possess some adverse influence on the maintenance of pregnancy.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1982

Coffee drinking and cancer of the lower urinary tract.

The relation of coffee drinking to the incidence rate of cancer of the lower urinary tract ("bladder cancer") was evaluated. Broadly based series of cases and series of controls drawn from the general population of each area were assembled and interviewed in Boston, Massachusetts (587 cases, 528 controls), Manchester, England (541 cases, 725 controls), and Nagoya, Japan (289 cases, 586 controls). Compared to drinkers of an average of less than 1 cup of coffee per day, those who drank more had a relative risk of bladder cancer estimated as 1.0 (0.8-1.2, 95% confidence interval). With adjustment for cigarette smoking habits, only small and irregular changes in risk were seen with increasing frequency of coffee consumption. Duration of coffee drinking showed little relation to risk of bladder cancer may be due to incomplete control of the effect of cigarette smoking. If there is a true association of coffee drinking and bladder cancer it is likely to be weak.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[HLA and cervical carcinoma (author's transl)].

For the purpose of studying immunogenetic factors related to disease susceptibility to cervical carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma), HLA-A,B and DR typings were performed by the standard microlymphocytotoxicity test using about 240 typing antisera in 66 Japanese patients with cervical carcinoma and 206 healthy individuals. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The patients had a significant association with HLA-Bw46 (gene frequency = 6.3%, relative risk = 3.9, p less than 0.025), compared with the controls (g.f. = 1.7%). 2) The patients had a significant association with HLA-DRw8 (g.f. = 17.3%, r.r. = 2.3, p less than 0.05), compared with the controls (g.f. = 8.9%). 3) When the patients with cervical carcinoma were divided into two groups, i.e. 53 patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix and 13 patients with carcinoma in situ of the cervix, the former had a more significant association with both HLA-Bw46 (g.f. = 6.8%, r.r. = 4.3) and HLA-DRW8 (g.f. = 19.2%, r.r. = 2.6) than the total patients, compared with the controls. However, the latter showed only a negligible association when compared with the controls. 4) The significant linkage disequilibrium between HLA-Bw46 and HLA-DRw8 was found in the patients with cervical carcinoma (haplotype frequency = 0.059, delta = 0.047, p less than 0.002), but not in the controls (h.f. = 0.0097, delta = 0.0075). 5) On the other hand, the significant linkage disequilibrium between HLA-A2 and HLA-Bw46 was found in both the patients and the controls.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗