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Biomedical subjects

K Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to K Aoki.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Clinical and etiological studies of chlamydial conjunctivitis in Sapporo, Japan.

Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 21.5% (61/284 cases) of the patients with conjunctivitis seen in an eye clinic in Sapporo, Japan, during a recent 4-year period. The frequency was the highest in newborn babies and the 20- to 29-year-old age group. The early incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis suggested that transmission had occurred at delivery. Isolation by tissue culture is the most sensitive method for detection of this condition but the Micro Trak direct fluorescence antibody test is more practical. The detection of a specific IgG antibody and IgA antibody against chlamydia in human sera and in tears showed that patients with chlamydial conjunctivitis had the antibody before the onset of conjunctivitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Menkes syndrome].

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Brain Diseases, Metabolic↗
PubMed1988

[Vascular ring].

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Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1988

[Repeated intra-abdominal administration of CDDP in carcinomatous peritonitis due to gastric cancer--a case report].

Two years and 10 months after gastrectomy, a 38-year-old man was diagnosed as having carcinomatous peritonitis due to gastric cancer. He was treated by intra-abdominal administration of 100 mg CDDP three times in addition to UFT. After each administration of CDDP, the amount of ascites and the serum value of CEA were decreased. Subjective symptoms, such as epigastric pain or sensation of fullness, were also improved. Although one year and 8 months has passed since the first administration of CDDP, the performance status of the patient remains 0. Nausea or vomiting was noted within 2 days after each administration. However, severe complications, like renal failure or intra-abdominal hemorrhage, were not observed. These findings suggest that repeated intra-abdominal administration of CDDP may be a useful therapy for carcinomatous peritonitis due to gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

A notable change in mortality of aplastic anemia observed during the 1970s in Japan.

The age adjusted mortality rate of aplastic anemia in Japan decreased sharply in the mid-1970s; before this time, it had increased only slightly. A report on the survival rate among a substantial number of patients with aplastic anemia showed that patients who sought medical care at the hospital after 1973 had a better survival rate than those who sought care before 1973; the extent of improvement in the survival rate was almost equal to the extent of decrease in the mortality rate. The supply of platelet concentrates was found to increase with the decrease in the age adjusted mortality rate. Although there were several factors that affected the mortality rate from aplastic anemia, the major recognizable factor seemed to be therapeutic improvement, mainly due to the platelet concentrates. Probably neither a decrease in the incidence nor factors related to the data processing of vital statistics played a major role.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Quantitation of serum carotenoid concentrations in healthy inhabitants by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Serum carotenoid concentrations in healthy subjects by age and sex were investigated, as determined by two high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Serum 'carotene' concentrations were 0.655 +/- 0.499 mumol/l 35.2 +/- 26.8 micrograms/dl) for 227 males, and 1,395 +/- 0.780 mumol/l (74.9 +/- 41.9 micrograms/dl) for 370 females. In addition, serum concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lycopene were obtained from another sample included 356 males and 567 females living in the same area. alpha-Carotene for 356 males was 0.085 +/- 0.096 mumol/l (4.6 +/- 5.2 micrograms/dl), beta-carotene was 0.555 +/- 0.491 mumol/l (29.8 +/- 26.4 micrograms/dl), and lycopene was 0.372 +/- 0.273 mumol/l (20.0 +/- 14.7 micrograms/dl), respectively. Serum concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene as well as concentrations of lycopene in these inhabitants were significantly higher for females than for males (p less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy of two-route chemotherapy using cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and its antidote, sodium thiosulfate, in combination with angiotensin II in a rat limb tumor.

We combined the angiotensin II (AT-II)-induced hypertension method with "two-route chemotherapy" (TRC), using cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) and its antidote, sodium thiosulfate (STS). The efficacy of the modified TRC was evaluated in rats bearing a limb tumor (transitional cell carcinoma). Immediately after infusing CDDP (15 mg/kg) and AT-II (15 micrograms/kg) via the femoral artery for 5 min, 1580 mg/kg STS (200-fold molar ratio to 15 mg/kg of CDDP) were administered i.v. for a further 5 min. Other treatments were as follows: 5 mg/kg of CDDP mixed or not mixed with 15 micrograms/kg of AT-II were given intraarterially (i.a.); 5 mg/kg of CDDP alone were injected i.v.; CDDP (15 mg/kg, i.a.) and STS (1580 mg/kg, i.v.) were simultaneously administered, without AT-II (conventional TRC). The antitumor effects of the modified TRC, evaluated by regression of tumor growth and extended life span, were superior to the other treatments. On the other hand, nephrotoxicity, loss of body weight, and leukopenia, seen in the rats given TRC with AT-II, occurred less than or at the same rate as in rats given other treatments. Thus, the TRC with AT-II was the most effective treatment given to rats bearing a regionally confined tumor. The feasibility of clinical application of modified TRC using i.a. CDDP plus AT-II and i.v. STS is discussed.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1987

Diminished beta-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation of arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats before and during development of hypertension.

beta-Adrenoceptor agonists and other drugs were studied for their relaxant effects on femoral and mesenteric arterial strips from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The potency and efficacy of isoproterenol (ISO) in these arteries were decreased in SHR before and during the development of hypertension as compared with age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Reserpine and 6-hydroxydopamine inhibited the development of hypertension but did not alter the reduced ISO-induced relaxation of the arteries. These arteries from prehypertensive SHR (PHSHR) were less sensitive to salbutamol and cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP derivatives than arteries from age-matched WKY. The relaxation response to nitroprusside was less in the femoral but not in the mesenteric arteries from PHSHR than in arteries from age-matched WKY. The relaxation response to papaverine was not diminished in the PHSHR arteries. It was found that the SHR arteries had a reduced responsiveness to the beta-adrenoceptor agonists before the initiation of hypertension and that the diminished relaxation was not specific to the beta-agonists, although there was no generalized defect in vasorelaxation in PHSHR.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1987

Gene-culture waves of advance.

Major genetic and cultural changes may have been coupled during hominid evolution. Since hominids have had a wide geographical distribution for about one million years, any mutant gene or cultural innovation that became established had to spread from its origin. A pair of nonlinear diffusion equations is derived which models the propagation of a mutant gene and a cultural innovation. Both are assumed to originate in the same locality along a linear habitat. The mutant gene and its allele are semidominant, and the two cultural choices are transmitted according to what I call the logistic attraction-repulsion model. The genes influence cultural choice, and the two interact to determine fitness. Of particular interest is the case in which mutant gene and cultural innovation are mutually dependent, neither being able to spread without the other. Each equation of the pair is similar in form to Fisher's equation, with a linear function of the other dependent variable replacing the constant coefficient in the reaction term. The partial differential equations are solved numerically to obtain the asymptotic speeds. Their form also suggests an heuristic argument which has proved useful, but I have been unable to obtain any analytic results. The waves of the system are shown to be of two types, synchronous and asynchronous. When genes and culture are mutually dependent, synchronous travelling waves can exist. However, their existence is dependent on initial conditions, and the speed of propagation is slow.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1987

Immunological abnormalities in a patient with lysinuric protein intolerance.

We report an 8-year-old girl with lysinuric protein intolerance and immunological abnormalities including impaired function of lymphocytes, the presence of LE cells, antinuclear antibodies, and hypergammaglobulinaemia. These abnormalities have not been reported before and may be due to an amino acid imbalance or protein malnutrition in cells or tissues. The coincidence of a pre-stage of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and LPI is not excluded.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗