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Biomedical subjects

K Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to K Aoki.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of chlamydial IgM antibodies for clinical diagnosis].

Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), C. psittaci, and C. pneumoniae are now well established as pathogens of respiratory infections including pneumonia. Serum samples from 223 infants and children with pneumonia, 31 patients with adult inclusion conjunctivitis, 16 parents of babies with neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis and others were tested for IgM antibodies to Chlamydiae. Diagnostic kits for chlamydial IgM antibodies (SeroELISA and IPAzyme) have been also evaluated for their diagnostic value. It was found that detection of specific IgM antibodies with SeroELISA has a diagnostic value in chlamydial pneumonias.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Molecular involvement of the pvt-1 locus in a gamma/delta T-cell leukemia bearing a variant t(8;14)(q24;q11) translocation.

A highly malignant human T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma/delta+ T-cell leukemia was shown to have a productive rearrangement of the TCR delta locus on one chromosome 14 and a novel t(8;14)(q24;q11) rearrangement involving the J delta 1 gene segment on the other chromosome 14. Chromosome walking coupled with pulsed-field gel electrophoretic (PFGE) analysis determined that the TCR J delta 1 gene fragment of the involved chromosome was relocated approximately 280 kb downstream of the c-myc proto-oncogene locus found on chromosome band 8q24. This rearrangement was reminiscent of the Burkitt's lymphoma variants that translocate to a region identified as the pvt-1 locus. Sequence comparison of the breakpoint junctions of interchromosomal rearrangements in T-cell leukemias involving the TCR delta-chain locus revealed novel signal-like sequence motifs, GCAGA(A/T)C and CCCA(C/G)GAC. These sequences were found on chromosome 8 at the 5' flanking site of the breakpoint junction of chromosome 8 in the TCR gamma/delta leukemic cells reported here and also on chromosome 1 in T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia patients carrying the t(1;14)(p32;q11) rearrangement. These results suggest that (i) during early stages of gamma delta T-cell ontogeny, the region 280 kb 3' of the c-myc proto-oncogene on chromosome 8 is fragile and accessible to the lymphoid recombination machinery and (ii) rearrangements to both 8q24 and 1p32 may be governed by novel sequence motifs and be subject to common enzymatic mechanisms.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Effect of sleep on binaural interaction in auditory brainstem response and middle latency response.

Binaural interaction (BI) in auditory brainstem response (ABR) and middle latency response (MLR) was measured in 14 adults with normal hearing in the awake and asleep states. The ABR and MLR were recorded with click stimuli given monaurally and binaurally. Four peak-to-peak amplitudes of the response waveforms were measured, and the BI was determined from the amplitude difference between the summed monaural and binaural responses expressed in percent of the summed monaural responses. The magnitude of BI was smallest in ABR (waves I'-V) and largest in the later component of MLR (Pa-Nb) in both the waking and sleeping states. BI values for the peak-to-peak amplitudes in the ABR and MLR were significantly lower (p less than 0.025) in the sleeping state than in the waking state.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1992

Radiotherapy for bone metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Radiotherapeutic effects of 42 bone metastases in 26 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were retrospectively analyzed. Pain relief was observed in 79% of 37 bone metastases treated (29/37). Antitumor effects and improvement of paralysis were also observed in 88% (8/9) and 17% (1/6), respectively. The toxicities experienced were tolerable. Radiotherapy was an effective means of palliation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma bone metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The positive rate of hepatitis C virus antibody detected by the second generation method in pregnant women and influence of pregnancy and delivery on HCV infection].

The C100-3 antibodies to HCV can be examined with a Chiron kit but only the antibody to non-structure-4 can be. The antibodies in sera of pregnant women were examined by a passive hemagglutination method (PHA), which is one of the second generation kits used in detecting antibodies to the hepatitis C virus. We studied the percentage of pregnant women in our hospital with antibodies to HCV, and tried to compare the C100-3 antibodies with PHA results in pregnant women. The results are as follows. 1) In the sera of 235 pregnant women both the PHA antibody and the C100-3 antibody were examined. Two women (0.85%) had the C100-3 antibody and 4 (1.7%) had the PHA antibody. 2) Two women positive for both PHA and C100-3 antibodies were positive for PCR during pregnancy. But 2 women positive for PHA only were negative for PCR during pregnancy and positive after delivery. So 4 women positive for PHA had HCV RNA. 3) Next, the sera of 1,198 pregnant women were examined by the PHA method, and nine women were positive. Only four of the 9 were positive for C100-3. 4) It is speculated that the positive rate for anti-HCV antibodies in the sera of pregnant women in Nagoya city is 0.75%. 5) There were 3 cases that were negative for PCR during pregnancy and positive after delivery. So it is speculated that HCV can be activated after delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Long-term observation of neutralization antibody after enterovirus 70 infection.

There is the need for more information on the persistence of the immune response to enterovirus 70 (EV70) infection. In August 1984, an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis occurred at a nursing home in Sapporo, Japan. During the subsequent 7 years, we have monitored the neutralization antibody of EV70 in 13 patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and 15 persons with subclinical EV70 infection among the 108 persons in the nursing home. During the first one to two years, the neutralization antibody in 6 of the 28 subjects (21.4%) decreased to less than 1:8. Seven years later, the neutralization antibody had decreased to less than 1:8 in 92% of the subjects. There was an individual difference in the level of neutralization antibody titer against EV70. However, overall the antibody levels markedly decreased every year. It is important to remember that the neutralization antibody titer of EV70 decreases with the passage of time. Consequently, most of the patients who had acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis will not have resistance against reinfection 7 years after the initial infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Signet-ring cell carcinoid: a primary hepatic carcinoid tumor with cytoplasmic inclusions comprising of aggregates of keratin.

A case of primary hepatic carcinoid tumor was recently encountered, which was argyrophil and showed positive reactions to serotonin, gastrin and pancreatic peptide in an immunohistochemical hormonal study. The tumor had unusual morphologic features. The neoplastic cells had a signet-ring cell appearance, similar to the signet-ring cells normally seen in mucin-producing adenocarcinoma. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies revealed the formation of the signet-ring cells to have been caused by the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions consisting of cytokeratins. Further investigation, using eight monoclonal antibodies recognizing cytokeratins of different molecular weights, showed the accumulated cytokeratins to be of low and medium molecular weights. The morphologic observations in this unusual case of hepatic carcinoid tumor are described and reported cases with similar features, for which we propose the term "signet-ring cell carcinoid," are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Estimation of perioperative myocardial infarction in patients under aorto-coronary bypass grafts with plasma level of myosin light chain I and 201Tl SPECT].

After aorto-coronary bypass grafts surgery plasma level of myosin light chain I, determined with monoclonal antibodies to myosin light chain I (LC-I), were studied in 12 patients (pts) without electrocardiographical perioperative myocardial infarction. Rest 201Tl myocardial images were collected before and after surgery. LC-I increased and reached peak levels (15 +/- 7 ng/ml) at 91 +/- 29 minutes after the aortic declamp. From peak levels LC-I rapidly decreased with fast half-time disappearance (1.4 +/- 0.9 hours). In 5 pts of 12 pts LC-I recovered to normal range and MB reached maximum levels (34 +/- 23 IU/L) at 18 +/- 9 hours after declamp. In 4 pts 201Tl images showed improvement and in one 201Tl images showed no changes. In 7 pts of 12 pts LC-I decreased to minimum levels (2.7 +/- 0.6 ng/ml) at 12 +/- 6 hours and then gradually increased to peak levels (5.6 +/- 0.9 ng/ml) on day 3 +/- 0.9. MB reached maximum level (61 +/- 20 IU/L) at 3.2 +/- 1 hours. In 201Tl images 3 pts showed suspected new lesion, 2 pts showed no changes and 2 pts showed improvement. No correlation was noted between peak LC-I level and duration of aortic declamp. No significant relation was suspected between early LC-I peak and irreversible myocardial cell injury. From close relationship between aortic declamp and appearance of LC-I peak, it was concluded that LC-I, accumulated during aortic clamp, was washed out by aortic declamp. Relation was suspected between early LC-I peak and myocardial injury during myocardial protection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[The comparison of postoperative multiple organ failure with arterial disease to that with gastrointestinal cancer].

The clinical features of 22 postoperative multiple organ failure (MOF) patients, comprised of 8 with arterial disease (A-MOF) and 14 with gastrointestinal cancer (G-MOF), were investigated. Differences in the operative time, blood loss, and mortality were not significant. The initial organ impaired was the lungs in 78.6% of G-MOF patients and the heart or kidneys in all A-MOF patients. Infection developed in over 80% of both groups. In many A-MOF patients, the pneumonia or septicemia developed secondary to organ failure, while intraabdominal infection triggered respiratory failure in many G-MOF patients. Our organisms in infected specimens and their antibiotic sensitivities was valuable for the early administration of effective antibiotics. Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding was important in the prognosis of both groups and occurred more frequently in A-MOF than in G-MOF patients. Consumption coagulopathy in A-MOF patients and DIC induced by infection in G-MOF patients mainly caused such bleeding. Preoperative administration of heparin was effective in improving coagulopathy. Furthermore, measurement of intramural pH with tonometer in the stomach and gastric irrigation with oxygenated perfluorochemicals were effective in the prediction and prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Changes in retinal blood flow volume in experimental retinal vein compression].

The authors quantitated the retinal blood flow volume during and immediately after experimental compression of the temporal retinal vein in 5 Macaca fuscata monkey eyes. The hydrogen clearance method was used to quantitate the retinal blood flow volume. After placing a microelectrode on the retinal surface, we measured the blood flow volume 4 times at a 15-minute interval. This value served as a baseline for the experiments. Next we compressed the temporal retinal vein near the disc with a 25-gauge needle with a rounded tip under guidance by an indirect ophthalmoscope. We measured the blood flow volume during compression. The compression was maintained for 3 minutes. Further blood flow determination was performed 7 minutes after release of compression and was repeated 4 times at a 15-minute interval. During compression of the temporal retinal vein, the retinal blood flow volume in the area served by the vein decreased by an average of 35%. The flow volume recovered rapidly and remained stable after release of compression. There was no reactive hyperemia. This model appears useful to elucidate the retinal circulation of branch retinal vein occlusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Tissue kallikrein clearance by the liver--effect of plasma components on kallikrein uptake by cultured rat hepatocytes.

Rat urinary kallikrein (RUK) injected intravenously to the rat rapidly disappeared from the blood circulation and mainly distributed to the liver. RUK was also incorporated to the primary cultured rat hepatocytes. The amounts of RUK incorporated into the hepatocytes increased by preincubation of RUK with rat plasma. These results and SDS-PAGE analysis suggested some plasma components may be involved in tissue kallikrein clearance in the blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Blood flow in the optic nervehead following intravenous administration of calcium antagonist].

The authors quantitated the blood flow of the optic nervehead after intravenous administration of calcium antagonist. The hydrogen clearance method was used to measure the blood flow after placing an electrode sensor in the optic nervehead of 9 eyes of 5 Macaca fuscata monkeys, under general anesthesia by intravenous pentobarbital sodium. 5 micrograms/kg of nicardipine, a calcium antagonist, was rapidly injected into the femoral vein. Measurement of blood flow in the optic nervehead was started 5 minutes after injection until 90 minutes at intervals of 15 minutes. A dose of 2 micrograms/kg/min nicardipine was then administered intravenously for another 90 minutes. During the experiment, intraocular pressure was maintained at 15 mmHg under continuous monitoring of systemic blood pressure. The blood flow in the optic nervehead decreased to 83% 5 minutes after injection. It increased slowly and reached the initial value 50 minutes later. It reached 108% of the initial value 80 minutes after injection. During the additional infusion of nicardipine, the blood flow decreased slowly and reached 85% of the initial value. It is concluded that the blood flow in the optic nervehead changed depending on the method, quantity and duration after injection of intravenous calcium antagonist. The blood flow decreased immediately after administration. The main cause of this phenomenon was thought to be due to decrease of perfusion pressure secondary to decrease of systemic blood pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A workshop on the high risk group and the preventive oncology of renal cell carcinoma].

A workshop on the high risk group and the preventive oncology of renal cell carcinoma was held in Kyoto on September 7, 1990. The following subjects were presented: 1. Cohort study of renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Hirayama). 2. Pathoepidemiological study on the background of occurrence of renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Aoki). 3. Case-control study on renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Watanabe). 4. Geographic distribution of renal cell carcinoma in Japan (Dr. Minowa). 5. Pathological findings of small renal cell carcinoma (Prof. Yatani). 6. Pathoepidemiological study on occurrence of renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Tsuchihashi). 7. Clinical evaluation of small renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Masuda). 8. Clinical (biological) characteristics of renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Satomi). 9. Mass screening program for renal cell carcinoma on private urological clinic (Dr. Mishina). 10. Early stage detection of renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Ohe). 11. A review on the literature of epidemiology for renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Nakagawa). Possible risk factors reported for renal cell carcinoma were as follows: 1) Work in petroleum-related and dry-cleaning industries were positive risk. A predominant lifetime occupation as a professional was negative risk. 2) Milk or coffee consumption and use of artificial sweeteners were positive. Drinking of alcohol was negative. 3) Obesity was positive. 4) Personal history of cancer was positive. 5) Cigarette smoking was positive. 6) Exposure to radiation or hydrocarbon was positive. 7) Use of estrogen, diuretic and pain relievers was positive. 8) History of myocardial infarction, hypertension and diabetes mellitus was positive.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1992

Y-27152, a long-acting K+ channel opener with less tachycardia: antihypertensive effects in hypertensive rats and dogs in conscious state.

(+)-(3S,4R)-4-(N-Acetyl-N-benzyloxyamino)-6-cyano-3,4-dihydro-2,2- dimethyl- 2H-1-benzopyran-3-ol (Y-27152) is a new K+ channel opener with a long duration of action and less tachycardia. In this study, Y-27152 was compared with a K+ channel opener lemakalim and a Ca++ channel blocker nifedipine for antihypertensive activity in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and two-kidney, one-clip renal hypertensive dogs (RHD). In conscious SHR, Y-27152 (0.1-1 mg/kg, p.o.) produced long-lasting dose-related decreases in systolic blood pressure. At 1 mg/kg, the maximum response occurred 5 to 7 hr after dosing, and 24 hr later, the pressure was still significantly reduced. Heart rate was not changed by these doses of Y-27152, whereas equihypotensive doses of lemakalim or nifedipine were strongly tachycardic. The cardiovascular effects of Y-27152 were antagonized by glibenclamide (20 mg/kg, i.v.). In conscious unrestrained RHD, Y-27152 at doses of 0.01, 0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg lowered blood pressure with a slow onset and long duration of action and had only a minimal effect on heart rate, whereas both lemakalim and nifedipine reduced blood pressure and markedly increased heart rate. No tolerance to the antihypertensive effect of Y-27152 (0.1 mg/kg) occurred during an 8-week repeated daily dosing to RHD and plasma renin activity, and aldosterone levels were not elevated during this period. In rat aortic rings contracted with 20 mM KCl, Y-27152 did not modify the tension; however, its desbenzyl form (Y-26763) produced vasorelaxation, and this effect was antagonized competitively by glibenclamide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Antihypertensive effect of the new calcium antagonist (+-)-3-(benzylmethylamino)-2,2-dimethylpropyl-methyl-4-(2-fluoro-5- nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate hydrochloride in rats.

The antihypertensive effect of TC-81 ((+-)-3-(benzylmethylamino)-2,2-dimethylpropyl-methyl-4-(2-f luoro-5- nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate hydrochloride), a new calcium antagonist, was investigated in normotensive and hypertensive rats. By oral administration, the antihypertensive activity of TC-81 (ED20% in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), DOCA-salt hypertensive rats and renal hypertensive rats were 0.37, 0.32, and 0.38 mg/kg p.o., respectively) was 7-14 times more potent in conscious hypertensive rats in comparison with nicardipine. Duration of the antihypertensive effect of TC-81 was about 2 times longer than that of nicardipine, and the response was elicited more slowly than that of nicardipine at an equipotent dose. Similar results were observed by intravenous injection, but the potency of TC-81 was only 3 times higher than that of nicardipine in anesthetized rats. Tolerance of the antihypertensive effect of TC-81 in long-term daily dosing and the rebound phenomenon after discontinuance of the treatment were not observed in hypertensive rats. TC-81, at a concentration of 10(-10)-3 x 10(-9) mol/l, inhibited the KCl-induced contraction of isolated rat vascular preparations. Moreover, TC-81 inhibited the norepinephrine-induced contraction of isolated SHR aorta preparation, but in isolated normotensive rat aorta, TC-81 inhibited the norepinephrine-induced contraction very little. From these observations, TC-81 can be characterized as having a strong, long-lasting, and slow-onset antihypertensive activity, especially by oral administration. Therefore, this new calcium antagonist may be useful for long-term antihypertensive therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The evidence of safety of immunotherapy for unexplained habitual aborters].

Immunotherapy (immunization twice at 5 and 7 weeks of gestation with X-irradiated 200ml total blood or 1-200 x 10(6) mononuclear cells from the husband) was performed on 200 women without autoimmune abnormalities but experiencing habitual abortions of unknown causes between August, 1982 and September, 1990. One hundred fifty-seven babies were eventually born alive. The oldest offspring was 7 yrs 4 mos in August, 1991. We investigated the safety of the immunotherapy in terms of its effects on the women, conditions during pregnancy/labor and conducted long-term follow-up on offspring. Among 190 women whose pregnancy terminated by September, 1990, 152 cases gave birth, including 5 sets of twins. The successful rate was 80.0%. There were no complications among the 200 cases, only 2 small-for-dates babies (1.3%) among 157 babies born alive, and 1 baby born dead in the 3rd trimester, but that was not directly related with immunotherapy. Tsumori-Inage Infant Mental Development Test found no abnormalities (3 yrs and over). At 3 yrs, and only 1 child scored under the mean--2 standard deviation in height and weight. Thus, the safety of the immunotherapy was confirmed by long-term follow-up of both mother and child in which no notable complications resulting from immunotherapy with the husband's X-irradiated cells could be found.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1992

Antihypertensive effect of the new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist (+-)-3-(benzylmethylamino)-2,2-dimethylpropyl methyl 4-(2-fluoro-5-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedica rbo xylate hydrochloride in dogs.

The antihypertensive effect of TC-81 ((+-)-3-(benzylmethylamino)-2,2-dimethylpropyl methyl 4-(2-fluoro-5-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate hydrochloride, CAS 96515-74-1), a new calcium antagonist, was investigated in normotensive dogs (NTD) and renal hypertensive dogs (RHD). By oral administration, the antihypertensive activity of TC-81 (ED20% was 0.09 mg/kg p.o.) was about 18 times more potent in conscious RHD in comparison with nicardipine (ED20% was 1.65 mg/kg p.o.). Duration of the antihypertensive effect of TC-81 was about 2 times longer than that of nicardipine, and the response was elicited more slowly than that of nicardipine at equipotent dose. Similar results were observed more clearly by intravenous injection, but the potency of TC-81 was only 3 times higher than that of nicardipine in anesthetized dogs. Tolerance of the antihypertensive effect of TC-81 in daily dosing for 2 weeks and the rebound phenomena after discontinuance of the treatment were not observed in RHD. TC-81 at a concentration of 10(10)-3 x 10(-9) mol/l inhibited the KCl- or norepinephrine-induced contraction of isolated dog femoral artery. From these observations, TC-81 can be characterized as having a strong, long-lasting, and slow-onset antihypertensive activity, especially by oral administration. Therefore, this new calcium antagonist may be useful for long-term antihypertensive therapy.

Anesthesia↗