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Biomedical subjects

K Ando

Publications and source records attributed to K Ando.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Serum concentrations of rutoside metabolites after oral administration of a rutoside formulation to humans.

In the present study a highly specific and sensitive method by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been established for the determination of the blood levels of four metabolites of 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavonol-3-rutinoside (rutoside, rutin), i.e. 3,4-dihydroxytoluene (DHT), 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (mPHAA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid, HVA) after the oral administration of rutoside to healthy volunteers. By the established method the pharmacokinetics in the blood and the urinary excretion of those metabolites were investigated. Blood levels of DHT, mHPAA, DHPAA, and HVA started to increase at 4 to 8 h after the oral dosage of the rutoside formulation, Esberiven (further active ingredient: coumarin). At 8 to 12 h post-administration, blood levels reached a maximum level which was 2- to 3-fold the time 0 level. Blood levels decreased gradually afterwards and returned to the original level at 20 to 35 h. The sum of the four metabolites was at a maximum value at 8 h which then returned to the initial levels at 35 h yielding a half-life of 11 h. Total urinary excretion of metabolites was 50.5% of the dose in 48 h.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Serotonin metabolism in the CNS in cerebellar ataxic mice.

The metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the CNS was investigated in four kinds of morphologically different ataxic mice; reeler, staggerer, weaver and Purkinje cell degeneration mutants, and in hypocerebellar mice experimentally produced by injection of cytosine arabinoside. 5-HT and 5-hydroxyidoleacetic acid concentrations and tryptophan hydroxylase (TrpOH) activity were measured in the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem, respectively. TrpOH activity was significantly reduced only in the reeler mouse. The enhancements of the cerebellar 5-HT metabolism observed in the ataxic mice other than the reeler were supposed to be pseudo-enhancements subsequent to the cerebellar hypoplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A highly sensitive radioimmunoassay of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in human plasma and urine.

A highly sensitive radioimmunoassay has been established for measurement of human plasma and urine concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and requires no extraction or concentration process such as Sep-Pak C-18 cartridge treatment. An antiserum was prepared from rabbits immunized with alpha-human ANP (alpha-hANP) coupled with bovine-thyroglobulin. The sensitivity of this method was 0.3 pg/tube of synthetic alpha-hANP utilized as authentic standard. Recovery of alpha-hANP spiked to plasma and urine was 97.7 +/- 15.4% and 97.1 +/- 9.5% (mean +/- SD), respectively. Plasma and urinary ANP concentrations versus assay data showed satisfactory linearity. In 124 healthy subjects, the plasma ANP-concentration was 31.7 +/- 12.0 pg/ml. Two different molecular forms of ANP in plasma and a single form in urine were found by gel permeation chromatography.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗
PubMed1986

A comparative study of the innervation of the choroid plexus in amphibia.

The aminergic and cholinergic innervation of choroid plexuses in three species of amphibia was investigated. Plexuses of the Japanese toad and the bullfrog had poor innervation by adrenergic nerves of sympathetic origin, but in the clawed toad, these plexuses were heavily innervated by adrenergic axons from ganglion cells located in the plexus stroma. Nerve fibers positive for acetylcholinesterase were not found in the plexuses, except for a few fibers with very weak enzyme activity in the clawed toad.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1986

Aberrancy in immunogenicity and cell-surface expression of H-2 antigens on erythrocytes.

Immunogenicity for T cell-independent B-cell response assessed by splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) response and cell-surface expression measured by laser flow cytometry of various class I H-2 antigens on mouse red blood cells (RBC) were compared. It was found that the order of magnitude of both immunogenicity and cell-surface expression on RBC is H-2Dd much greater than H-2Db greater than H-2Kd, H-2Kb. Furthermore, H-2d public antigens and H-2Ld antigens were neither immunogenic nor easily demonstrable on RBC. These findings contrasted with poor immunogenicity for PFC response (Nakashima et al. 1982, 1983) and proportionally strong expression of H-2 antigens on lymphoid cells. Immunogenicity and cell-surface expression of H-2Dd antigen on RBC were not shown to be controlled by the action of genes outside H-2D. It was therefore suggested that a number of H-2 antigens, including H-2Kd private, H-2Kb private, and H-2d public specificities are at least functionally defective on RBC. This is possibly due to the structural characteristics of the antigens. Since immunogenicity and cell-surface expression were in parallel, the expression of H-2 antigens on RBC must be dictated by a subset of B cells whose activity was assessed by PFC response. This finding supports the view that the H-2 molecules display a new category of activity which is different from their ability to activate T cells and depends on their expression on RBC.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Fat in the dural sinus.

Fat density in the dural sinus on computed tomography (CT) is described in eight cases. Of the eight cases, five had fat deposit in the torcular Herophili, and three in the superior sagittal sinus. This finding was incidentally found by CT and there was no common underlying disease in these cases. It is suggested that this finding represents normal adipose tissue in the dural sinus.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

The role of renal hemodynamics in the antihypertensive effect of captopril.

To evaluate the role of regional hemodynamics in mediating the long-term depressor effect of the converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, at a low dose (37.5 mg/day), for 2 weeks, its systemic, renal, and forearm circulatory actions were determined in 12 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. After administration of captopril, there was a significant decline in mean blood pressure (average -12.1 +/- 1.9%) accompanied by a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (-9.1 +/- 3.3%), but cardiac output did not change. Although forearm vascular resistance was not altered, renal vascular resistance decreased considerably (-17.1 +/- 5.0%). Moreover, there was a highly significant (r = 0.891) correlation between the changes in mean blood pressure and renal vascular resistance. Plasma renin activity increased after therapy as plasma aldosterone decreased, while plasma norepinephrine slightly increased. The change in renal vascular resistance significantly (r = -0.617) correlated with the pretreatment level of plasma renin activity. These findings suggest that suppression of the renin-angiotensin system in essential hypertension induces selective vasodilation in the renal vasculature, which may play an important role in the long-term antihypertensive effect of the converting enzyme inhibitor. This renal vasodilator action appears to be the feature that distinguishes the converting enzyme inhibitor from conventional vasodilator drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Concentrations of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the brain of ataxic mice.

Concentrations of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were studied in the brain of the Weaver ataxic mouse, the Purkinje cell degenerative ataxic mouse (pcd-ataxic mouse) and the cytosine arabinoside (ara-C)-induced ataxic mouse. The brain tissue was dissected into 4 parts, e.g., hypothalamus, cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem. TRH concentrations in each part of the brain were measured by radioimmunoassay. TRH concentrations in the brain of Weaver ataxic mice were significantly higher in the cerebellum and brain stem than in the controls. In pcd-ataxic mice, the TRH concentrations in the brain were significantly higher in the cerebrum and brain stem. In ara-C-induced ataxic mice, the concentrations were significantly higher in the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem. TRH levels in the hypothalamus of ataxic mice did not differ from those of controls. The elution profile of methanol-extracted cerebellum of ataxic mice on Sephadex G-10 was identical to that of synthetic TRH. These findings suggest that changes in the TRH concentrations in the brain play a pathophysiological role in ataxic mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Concentrations of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the brain of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Concentrations of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were measured by a specific radioimmunoassay in the brain of 11 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 6 controls (myocardial infarction, gastric cancer, multiple myeloma, cerebrovascular disease, amyloid neuropathy). TRH was found in all parts of the dissected brain tissues (pedunculus cerebri, corpus callosum, capsula interna, motor area) in patients with ALS and controls. The TRH concentrations in the brain of patients with ALS were significantly lower in the pedunculus cerebri, compared with controls, and tended to decrease in the motor area and corpus callosum, but not significantly. Changes in TRH concentrations did not always correlate with pathohistological changes. These findings suggest that TRH is widely distributed in the human brain and decreases in some part of the ALS brain.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in psychogenic impotence by means of logarithmic scoring.

In an attempt to develop as objective a method for the evaluation of impotence as possible, the authors assigned numerical values to four parameters considered essential to sexual function, namely, libido, erection, ejaculation, and orgasm, and used the sum totals of these scores, collected before and after initiation of therapy, as indicators of overall sexual function. Numerical values were assigned according to a logarithmic scale, in four stages from 0 to 10, i.e., 0, 1, 3, and 10; a score of 0 signified "normal" and a score of 10, "abnormal." By comparing sum totals of scores computed before and after initiation of therapy, the authors were able to evaluate therapeutic efficacy on the basis of changes in these sum totals. Using this method, the mean total score for a control group of 24 normal subjects was 1.67 +/- 0.26 (mean +/- standard error). For the test group, which consisted of 24 patients of psychogenic impotence, the mean total score prior to initiation of therapy was 16.46 +/- 3.55, an extremely high score in comparison with the control group. After four weeks of therapy, the mean total score dropped to 9.37 +/- 1.77, indicating a statistically significant (p less than 0.05) decrease over the pre-therapy mean total score.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of dopaminergic agents on eye tracking before and after repeated methamphetamine.

The effects of methamphetamine (MA), apomorphine (AP) and haloperidol (HAL) on eye tracking function were tested in rhesus monkeys. Three rhesus monkeys were trained to track with their eyes a disk-shaped projected image that oscillated along a horizontal plane on a screen, using a training procedure in which responses on a lever were reinforced with water only when the center of the disk dimmed for a brief period. Eye movements were recorded by electrooculography (EOG). The effects of intramusuclar administration of MA, APO and HAL on responding were compared before and after a 8-14 day period of repeated MA administration. During this regimen, MA was given in 4 divided doses starting at a total daily dose of 4 mg/kg/day and increasing to 16-40 mg/kg/day. All three drugs disrupted performance during both the initial dose-response determination as well as during the redetermination following the regimen. However, tolerance to MA in 3 monkeys and to APO in 2 monkeys was observed after the regimen, while no marked sensitivity change was observed to haloperidol. Since other data reported elsewhere have shown that dopamine is depleted in the caudate after similar repeated administration regimens, long lasting brain dopaminergic changes are likely present in these monkeys. Therefore, these results suggest that the changes in sensitivity to the drugs that were observed in terms of eye tracking function are related to dopamine depletion in the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Ca content of human erythrocytes. What is the true value?

It has been generally accepted that the Ca content of washed erythrocytes is in the range of 1 - 3 X 10(-5) mole/l cells (1-10). These values were obtained after samples were treated in various way for Ca measurement. However, by using a simplified careful preparation technique to avoid Ca contamination together with inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy, we have found that the Ca content of erythrocytes washed with nominally Ca2+-free solution, is one order of magnitude lower than the reported values, in the range of 1 X 10(-6) moles/l cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Ecology of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in soil on a horse-breeding farm.

The ecology of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in soil was studied on a horse-breeding farm. R. equi was cultured from soil at a depth of 0, 10, and 20 cm on the six sites of the farm at monthly intervals for 10 months from March to December of 1983. The highest numbers of R. equi were found in the surface soil. The mean number of bacteria in soil samples at every depth increased remarkably from 0 or 10(2) to 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU) g-1 of soil in the middle of April, and later decreased gradually. R. equi inoculated into six soil exudate broths prepared from surface soils at separate sites yielded suspensions with different optical densities, indicating differences in growth. The distribution of serotypes in the soil was similar to that in the horses on the farm. These findings indicated that R. equi could multiply in the soil and flourish in the cycle existing between horses and their soil environment.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1986

Solubilization and reconstitution of iodide counterflow activity from the thyroid plasma membranes into soybean phospholipid vesicles.

The activity of I- counterflow was solubilized with n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside from the thyroid plasma membranes and reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles made from soybean phospholipids by a detergent dilution procedure. The vesicles exhibited apparent "entrance" I- counterflow but no apparent Na+-dependent I- transport activity. The activity of I- counterflow was saturated by external I- at the concentration of 50-200 microM, indicating the substrate specificity of the counterflow-mediating activity for I-. The optimal concentration of the detergent for solubilization was near 12.5 mg/ml, as reported in solubilization of some sugar transport carriers of E. coli. The counterflow of I- was inhibited by externally added SCN- but not by ClO4-. When solubilized protein was treated with 0.2-1 mM dithiothreitol and with 2-10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol prior to reconstitution, dose-dependent inactivation of I- counterflow was observed. However, the activity of I- counterflow was fully preserved when solubilized protein was treated with these agents in the presence of high concentrations of I- (40 and 80 mM). In contrast, treatment with N-ethylmaleimide at a concentration of as high as 1 mM did not decrease the activity. In conclusion, it appears that the I- counterflow activity can be solubilized and reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles from the thyroid plasma membranes. The counterflow activity may be susceptible to disulfide-reducing agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Spermatogenesis in Snell dwarf, little and congenitally hypothyroid mice.

The status of spermatogenesis in Snell dwarf, little and congenitally hypothyroid mice was studied. In all of these mice with a hormone deficiency the seminiferous tubules were smaller in size and contained fewer spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa than did those of normal control mice. There was no substantial difference in the Johnsen score between the hormone-deficient mice and normal control mice, but the former had underdeveloped seminiferous tubules with a corresponding paucity of germ cells, which may be partly responsible for the infertility of these mice. In the present study, growth hormone and thyroxine were administered separately to growth hormone-deficient and thyroxine-deficient mice, respectively. Such replacement therapy brought about an increase in cell counts of the seminiferous tubules and in sperm counts in both groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The pharmacological effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on ataxic mutant mice.

The Rolling mouse Nagoya (RMN), Staggerer, Weaver and Reeler, all of which show hereditary ataxia, were intraperitoneally injected with 25 mg/kg of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH-T) or physiological saline, and changes in the motions of these animals were observed by an Animex II and an open field method. All four strains of mice with ataxia showed improvement of ataxia and an increase in the motion volume, but these changes were not necessarily consistent in degree. Improvement of ataxia was most marked in the RMN and the Staggerer, moderate in the Weaver and slight in the Reeler, which showed enhanced tremor. The relationship between the competence of transmitting information in the cerebellum and improvement of ataxia by the injection of TRH-T aroused our interest.

Animals↗