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Biomedical subjects

K Ando

Publications and source records attributed to K Ando.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Augmented secretion of lysosomal enzyme into pancreatic juice after short term obstruction of the pancreatic duct in rats.

To find out if and when lysosomal enzymes are excreted into pancreatic juice in physiological and pathological conditions, the changes in the secretion of cathepsin B into pancreatic juice were investigated in 66 Wistar rats with cannulation of common pancreatic-biliary duct and common bile duct, and infusions of caerulein and secretin. In a separate experiment ducts were cannulated and secretin infused as before, but in one group the ducts were "obstructed" and in another they were allowed to remain patent. Obstruction of the pancreatic duct for three hours caused a moderate significant rise in serum amylase activity. Cathepsin B activity in the pancreatic subcellular fractions was redistributed, and the amount of cathepsin B increased. In rats with obstructed ducts the secretion of cathepsin B and other lysosomal enzymes that were stimulated by caerulein was significantly greater than in the animals in which the ducts remained patent. Lysosomal enzymes associated with zymogen granules are secreted into pancreatic juice together with digestive enzymes after stimulation by gut hormones, and they may have pathophysiological roles in pancreatic juice.

Amylases↗
PubMed1992

Hemodynamic and endocrine changes associated with hypotensive action of amosulalol in essential hypertension.

To clarify the hemodynamic and endocrine mechanisms of the hypotensive effect of amosulalol, an alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, 19 patients with essential hypertension received amosulalol (20-80 mg/day; average 48.4 mg/day) for 16 weeks. Mean blood pressure (MBP) was significantly decreased (105 +/- 1 vs. 120 +/- 1 mm Hg, p less than 0.001), associated with a decrement in heart rate (HR). Although both cardiac index (CI, 3.68 +/- 0.09 vs. 3.91 +/- 0.09 L/min/m2, p less than 0.001) and total peripheral resistance index (TPRI, 2,271 +/- 78 vs. 2,441 +/- 79 dynes.s.cm-5.m2, p less than 0.001) were reduced, changes in TPRI positively correlated with those of MBP (r = 0.9155, p less than 0.001) but the change in CI did not (r = 0.3568, NS). Plasma renin activity (PRA, 0.55 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.95 +/- 0.14 ng/ml/h, p less than 0.05) and aldosterone concentration (4.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 8.6 +/- 0.5 ng/dl, p less than 0.001) were also decreased with amosulalol. Thus, the hypotensive effect of amosulalol may be due mainly to vasodilation by alpha 1-blocking action. In addition, this hypotensive effect may be facilitated by either beta-blocking action such as decreased cardiac output (CO), with suppression of reflex tachycardia or of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Circulating and excreted forms of atrial natriuretic peptide in healthy subjects and patients with renal diseases.

The immunoreactivity of plasma and urine atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was measured in patients with renal disease and in healthy volunteers. The molecular forms of ANP in these subjects were estimated by gel permeation chromatography and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. No significant increase in plasma ANP was observed in patients with nephrotic syndrome or non-oliguric chronic renal failure compared to healthy volunteers. However, plasma ANP levels were significantly increased in patients on hemodialysis (normal 18.6 +/- 11.4 fmol/ml; hemodialysis 91.2 +/- 69.9 fmol/ml, p < 0.01). Chromatographic analyses revealed that plasma ANP consisted of only alpha-ANP or combined alpha- and gamma-ANP in healthy volunteers and in nephrotic patients, whereas beta-ANP frequently appeared in the plasma of both dialyzed and non-dialyzed chronic renal failure patients. Excreted forms, except in subjects free from renal disease where gamma-ANP may serve as a potential marker of glomerular injury in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Intraocular lens implantation after glaucoma filtering surgery--time course of changes in intraocular pressure control and filtering blebs].

Cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were carried out in 45 glaucomatous eyes that had undergone glaucoma filtering surgery. Of these, 37 eyes had primary glaucoma, 2 eyes capsular glaucoma, and 6 eyes secondary glaucoma. The visual acuity after IOL implantation was 0.5 or more in 29 eyes (64%) but in 10 eyes (22%) acuity was 0.1 or less because of advanced optic nerve head damage. To analyze affects of IOL implantation on intraocular pressure (IOP) control and functioning of the filtration bleb in 39 eyes of primary or capsular glaucoma, a life-table analysis with the Kaplan-Meier method was performed. The probability that IOP control does not worsen at 2 years was 43 +/- 7% (SE) in 21 eyes without pre-operative ocular hypotensive medication, 56 +/- 16% in 18 eyes with pre-operative ocular hypotensive medication, 47 +/- 12% in 26 eyes where functioning filtering bleb existed pre-operatively. The probability that the filtering bleb survives 2 years post-operatively was 44 +/- 11%. The present results imply that intensive management of post-operative inflammation and careful IOP follow up are imperative in eyes in which IOL implantation was indicated after undergoing filtration surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[The role of fibronectin in repairing fetal membrane].

The fibrin adhesion technique is being recognized as a way to prevent amniotic fluid leakage in the case of preterm premature rupture of the fetal membrane (PROM). However, the effect of fibrin adhesion is still not clear. The aim of this study is to investigate the implications of fibronectin in repairing the fetal membrane. We divided 9 normal fetal membranes into 4 groups. In all the groups, an incision was made in the membrane with a sterile knife. Group A: The incisions in the membranes were sealed with fibrinogen and thrombin (N = 9). Group B: The incisions in the membranes were sealed with fibrinogen and thrombin with fibronectin (N = 9). Group C: Fibronectin was added to the culture medium containing fetal membranes (N = 9). Group D: The fetal membranes were cultured in the medium alone (N = 9). All membranes were cultured for 6 days in 10% fcs added to MEM and analyzed histologically. In group A, fibrin clots did not attach to the membranes at all. In group B, fibrin clots attached closely to the membranes. In group C, fibroblasts increased remarkably at the incision sites on the fetal membranes. In group D, fibronectin accumulated at the incision sites on the fetal membranes. These results suggest that fibronectin is important in repairing fetal membrane.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1992

Nonlinear survival curves for cells of solid tumors after large doses of fast neutrons and gamma rays.

We have previously proposed that survival curves for cells of murine NFSa fibrosarcomas after exposure to fast neutrons might demonstrate curvature when the neutron doses reach a level high enough to cure the fibrosarcomas. We report here that this is the case. Murine NFSa fibrosarcomas growing in the hind legs of syngeneic mice were exposed to either gamma rays or fast neutrons. The tumors were removed and retransplanted into fresh recipients to obtain 50% tumor cell doses, from which the dose-cell survival relationship was constructed. Survival curves showed continuous bending down to 10(-7), and were well fitted using the linear-quadratic model. The alpha and beta values for neutrons were larger than those for gamma rays. When the surviving fractions at experimental TCD50 doses were calculated using these values, comparable figures were obtained for neutrons and gamma rays. The RBEs for neutrons were comparable for the TCD50 and TD50 assays. Neutron RBE was independent of dose within a range of 5-28 Gy. The capacity of the tumors to repair the damage caused by large doses of neutrons was identical to that for small doses of neutrons, indicating that cells retained the capacity to repair neutron damage irrespective of the size of the dose.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Pancreatic lysosomal enzyme secretion via gut-hormone-regulated pathway in rats.

To explore the secretory profiles of lysosomal enzyme in pancreatic juice, we stimulated the secretion of lysosomal enzyme by intravenous pancreatic secretagogues and intraduodenal instillation of liquid meals in rats. Lysosomal hydrolases, such as cathepsin B, are secreted from the apices of pancreatic acinar cells via a hormone-regulated pathway, as in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes. The intravenous infusion of the cholecystokinin analogue caerulein, or the intraduodenal administration of nutrients results in a closely related secretion of both amylase and cathepsin B from the apices of acinar cells, suggesting that they are discharged from the same presecretory compartment (zymogen granules). Lysosomal enzymes appear to enter into the secretory compartment as a result of malsorting, but the cause of this anomaly is not known. We found small amounts of lysosomal enzymes colocalized with digestive enzymes within zymogen granules in normal acinar cells and in normal pancreatic juice, suggesting some physiological roles of lysosomal enzymes in pancreatic ducts. Furthermore, lysosomal enzymes appear to play important roles in the pathogenesis of pancreatic disease, such as pancreatitis, from both inside and outside the pancreas, since cathepsin B can probably activate trypsinogen.

Amylases↗
PubMed1991

Brain natriuretic peptides in human plasma, spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid.

In cases of heart failure, the plasma level of immunoreactive human brain natriuretic peptide (IR-hBNP) measured by radioimmunoassay increased 6- to 46-fold over normal level (4.1 +/- 1.0 pg/ml), depending upon the severity. These levels did not significantly correlate to the levels of IR-human atrial natriuretic peptide in individuals. A 4-kDa IR-hBNP, corresponding to authentic hBNP (1-32), was predominant in normal plasma. In cases of cardiac disease, larger molecules which were assumed to be precursors of the 4-kDa form were accumulated in plasma. IR-hBNP was detected in spinal cords (7-24 pg/mg protein) and cerebrospinal fluid (8-19 pg/ml) of patients with noncardiac diseases. The major molecular form corresponded to the hBNP (1-32).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Changes of acinar cells in the pancreato-biliary duct ligation with exocrine pancreatic stimulation model in rats; protective effects of a new potent protease inhibitor, ONO3307].

To evaluate the changes of pancreatic acinar cells in the pancreatic duct obstructed animals as well as the protective effects of a new potent protease inhibitor, ONO3307, we measured the serum amylase levels, pancreatic water content, histological changes, lysosomal fragility in in-vitro incubation, cathepsin B distribution in acinar cells, and cathepsin B and amylase output into pancreatic juice after short-termed (3 hrs) pancreatic duct obstruction with caerulein (0.2 micrograms/kg.hr) infusion in rats. Serum amylase levels, pancreatic water content, and lysosomal fragility in duct obstructed with caerulein infused animals were significantly increased compared with the control groups, and remarkable shift of cathepsin B from lysosomal fraction to zymogen fraction was observed in this group. These changes tended to continue 24 hours after removal of duct obstruction. But with infusion of ONO3307, these changes observed in duct-obstructed with caerulein infusion groups were significantly, almost completely attenuated. These results indicate the intimate relationship between the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis and lysosomes and some known proteases which are inhibited by ONO 3307 and suggest the usefulness of such a kind of protease inhibitor in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Possible role of sodium-hydrogen antiport in acetylcholine-induced relaxation of rat aorta.

The decreased extracellular Na concentration (25mM) attenuated vasodilator effect of acetylcholine (ACh) in norepinephrine-treated aortic ring. This attenuation was greater in the low Na medium substituted by Li, which can exchange intracellular H through Na-H antiport, as compared with that substituted by choline, which cannot. 10 microM amiloride canceled the difference between the two low Na mediums. Thus the inhibition of Na-H antiport may counteract the suppressive effect of decreased intracellular Na on ACh vasodilation, suggesting a possible role of Na-H antiport in a release of vasoactive substance(s) from endothelial cells.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

[MR studies of extension and spread pattern of nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

Seven patients with T2-T4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma were examined by MRI on a 0.5T superconducting system. The obtained MRI images were reviewed focusing on the signal intensity (SI) of tumors, and the extension of tumors into the related spaces from the pharyngeal mucosal space (PMS). Consequently, the SI of tumors demonstrated low on T1 weighted images and high on T2 weighted images. The parapharyngeal space was the first space where the tumors extended from the pharyngeal mucosa. The parapharyngeal space was an intermediate point of extension to the masticator space (MS), the carotid space (CS), the retropharyngeal space (RPS), and the prevertebral space (PVS). The PVS involvement by tumors was not a direct extension from the PMS, because the posterior portion of pharyngobasilar fascia worked as a barrier on MR. Therefore, the longus capitus muscle in the prevertebral space was considered to be involved via the parapharyngeal space (PPS). The masticator space involvement was indicated by slightly high SI of pterygoid muscle on T2 weighted images, and also the effacement of the PPS fat and parapharyngeal venous plexus were considered as a sign of involvement into the masticator space. The retropharyngeal lateral lymph node (Rouviere) metastases were recognized by MR. These metastasized lymph nodes were low on T1 weighted images and high on T2 weighted images.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Microbial polysaccharide, HS-142-1, competitively and selectively inhibits ANP binding to its guanylyl cyclase-containing receptor.

During the search for ANP receptor ligands of microbial origin, we isolated a novel polysaccharide, HS-142-1, from culture broth of Aureobasidium sp. HS-142-1 inhibited [125I]-rANP binding to ANP receptor in rabbit kidney cortex membranes with an IC50 of 0.3 mu g/ml, but gave no effects on specific binding of [125I]-Endothelin nor [125I]-Angiotensin II to their respective receptors in bovine lung membranes. HS-142-1 competitively and selectively inhibited ANP binding to its guanylyl cyclase-containing receptor purified from solubilized bovine adrenocortical membranes and blocked cGMP production elicited by ANP. HS-142-1 is the first non-peptide antagonist selective for ANP functional receptor and will be a powerful tool to elucidate the physiological functions of ANP.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1991

Development of AChE-positive, NA-containing and VIP- and NPY-immunoreactive nerves in the major cerebral arteries of the rat.

The development of cerebrovascular nerves containing noradrenaline (NA), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was studied in rats from before birth to adulthood. All these nerves entered the cranial cavity along the cerebral carotid, internal ethmoidal, and vertebral arteries during the early stages of development, but the subsequent growth and distribution of NA-containing and NPY-immunoreactive (IR) nerves differed greatly from that of AChE-positive and VIP-IR nerves. NA-containing and NPY-IR nerves extended rapidly from the cerebral carotid artery and spread over all the major arteries of the internal carotid system by postnatal day 3, as well as descending the posterior ramus of the cerebral carotid to mingle with nerves from the vertebral artery around the mid-basilar artery by day 5. AChE-positive and VIP-IR nerves from the internal ethmoidal artery covered the whole internal carotid system during the first postnatal week, and projected to the upper basilar artery after the second week, while those from the cerebral carotid artery remained limited to the middle cerebral artery throughout development. By day 21, all major arteries of the internal carotid system had dense plexuses of the four nerve types that were similar to those observed in adult rats. The vertebrobasilar system also had a well-organized network of NA-containing and NPY-IR nerves, but only a poor supply of AChE-positive and VIP-IR nerves. Even on day 30, the latter two nerve types were sometimes absent from the middle to caudal basilar artery, owing to a lack of interdigitation by nerves from the internal ethmoidal and vertebral arteries.

Acetylcholinesterase↗