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K Andersson

Publications and source records attributed to K Andersson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Perinatal asphyxia-induced changes in rat brain tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cell body number: effects of nicotine treatment.

Perinatal asphyxia (15-22 min) was induced to male Sprague-Dawley rat pups during the last day of gestation and the surviving pups were sacrificed at 4 weeks of age. Brain sections were stained for tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity and Cresyl violet. With increasing duration of perinatal asphyxia a reduction in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-IR) nerve cell bodies was found in the locus ceruleus, probably reflecting an increased death of noradrenaline nerve cell bodies. In contrast, perinatal asphyxia (15-20 min) resulted in an increased number of TH-IR nerve cell bodies in the A9 (zona compacta of the substantia nigra) and the A10 (ventral tegmental area) regions of the mesencephalon, probably reflecting an increased survival of dopamine nerve cell bodies. Perinatal asphyxia for longer than 20 min periods reduced the number of TH-IR cell bodies in the 4 week old rat, even below those found in control animals, indicating that when asphyxia is induced for a period leading to almost 100% mortality, a long-term reduction of the number of mesencephalic dopamine neurons is produced. It has previously been shown that a 4 week postnatal nicotine (0.2 micromol/kg per h) treatment counteracts the asphyxia-induced increase in TH-IR cell body number in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Such nicotine treatment did not influence the reduction in TH-IR cell bodies in the locus ceruleus following 15-20 min of perinatal asphyxia.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The synthesis rates of total liver protein and plasma albumin determined simultaneously in vivo in humans.

Although the metabolism of liver-derived plasma proteins such as albumin has been extensively studied, human hepatic protein synthesis as a whole has not been well characterized, because a reproducible model for obtaining human liver tissue has not been available. In this study, the fractional synthesis rates of total liver protein and albumin in vivo were determined simultaneously in nine subjects undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. L-[2H5]phenylalanine (45 mg/kg body wt) was administered for 10 minutes intravenously. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals for 90 minutes and a liver biopsy specimen was taken at 35 +/- 7 minutes. The enrichments of plasma free phenylalanine, plasma albumin, and total liver protein were measured with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of total liver protein was 24.7 +/- 3.1 %/d (mean +/- SD), and that of albumin was 5.9 +/-1.2%/d. The amount of albumin synthesized per day (absolute synthesis rate, ASR) was 109 +/- 21 mg/kg body wt. No correlation between FSR of total liver protein and ASR of albumin was found. It is concluded that the technique of obtaining liver tissue specimens during laparoscopic surgery may serve as a human in vivo model to study total liver protein synthesis. The fractional synthesis rate of total liver proteins (stationary and exported), equals approximately 25% of the liver protein content daily. Within the range of values of this study, the absolute synthesis rate of albumin was not correlated to the fractional synthesis rate of total liver protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effect of perinatal asphyxia on systemic and intracerebral pH and glycolysis metabolism in the rat.

The effects of perinatal asphyxia on systemic and brain pH and glycolysis metabolism were studied in the rat. Perinatal asphyxia was induced by immersing pup-containing uterus horns, obtained by cesarean section from rats within the last day of gestation, in a water bath at 37 degrees C for various periods of time (0-23 min). Subcutaneous levels of pyruvate (Pyr), lactate (Lact), glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (Asp) were monitored with microdialysis 40-80 min after delivery. In parallel experiments, the pups were sacrificed 40 min after delivery and the heart and brain were removed for measuring pH. Brain (striatum) Pyr, Lact, Glu, and Asp levels were also analyzed. A decrease in the rate of survival was first observed following asphyctic periods longer than 16 min, and no survival could be observed after 22 min of asphyxia. In control (cesarean-delivered) pups, heart and brain pH were 7.36 +/- 0.01 (N = 8) and 7.30 +/- 0.01 (N = 8), respectively. Significant decreases in pH were first observed following 5-6 and 10-11 min of asphyxia, in heart and brain, respectively. In both regions pH decreased along with the length of asphyxia, but a decrease below 7 was only observed in the brain, following asphyctic periods longer than 16 min. A significant increase in subcutaneous Lact levels was first observed following 2-3 min of asphyxia, with a maximum after 20-21 min of asphyxia. In the brain, the increase in Lact levels was delayed compared to that observed in subcutaneous tissue. Pyr and Asp levels increased in subcutaneous tissue following perinatal asphyxia and decreased in brain tissue following > 15 min of asphyxia. Glu levels were increased subcutaneously by moderate (5-16 min) asphyctic periods, but, in the brain, were only transiently increased by 10-11 min of asphyxia. Thus, changes in systemic pH, glycolysis, and excitatory amino acid metabolism are observed following shorter asphyctic periods than are changes in the brain. In particular, increases in subcutaneous Lact levels precede: (i) a decrease in brain pH, (ii) an increase in brain Lact levels, (iii) a decrease in the rate of survival, and, probably, (iv) brain damage. It is suggested that monitoring Lact levels by subcutaneous microdialysis is a useful method for predicting the outcome produced by hypoxic-ischemic insults.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Perinatal asphyxia induces long-term changes in dopamine D1, D2, and D3 receptor binding in the rat brain.

We have investigated the long-term effects of 15-16 min or 19-20 min of perinatal asphyxia on D1, D2, and D3 receptors (analyzed by quantitative autoradiography) in the mesotelencephalic dopamine systems of the 4-week-old rat. Perinatal asphyxia reduced D1 antagonist binding ([3H]SCH 23390 in the presence of ketanserine) in the accumbens nucleus, the olfactory tubercle, and the substantia nigra and increased D1 agonist binding ([3H]dopamine in the presence of spiperone) in the accumbens nucleus and the olfactory tubercle. No changes in D2 antagonist binding ([123]iodosulpride) were found, whereas D2 agonist binding ([3H]N-propylnorapomorphine, [3H]NPA) was reduced in the posterior part of the caudate-putamen, and following 19-20 min of asphyxia it was also reduced in the accumbens nucleus. D3 agonist binding (R/S-(+/-)-2-(N,N-di[2,3(n)-3H] propylamino)-7-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, [3H]7-OH-DPAT) was increased in the anterior part of the caudate-putamen following 15-16 min but not 19-20 min of asphyxia. The results indicate that perinatal asphyxia reduced the number of D1 receptors and increased D1 agonist affinity in the accumbens nucleus and the olfactory tubercle and reduced the number of D1 receptors in the substantia nigra. The number of D2 receptors was unchanged by asphyxia, whereas the D2 agonist affinity was reduced in the caudate-putamen and in the accumbens nucleus. D3 agonist binding was increased in the caudate-putamen selectively following 15-16 min of asphyxia. In conclusion, asphyxia during birth induces long-term changes in the binding characteristics of dopamine receptors in the mesotelencephalic dopamine systems, which may contribute to previously reported behavioral changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Delayed neuronal death following perinatal asphyxia in rat.

The consequences of perinatal asphyxia on the rat brain were studied 80 min to 8 days after birth with hematoxylin-eosin and in situ DNA double-strand-breaks labeling histochemistry. Asphyxia was induced by immersing fetus-containing uterus horns, removed from ready-to-deliver Sprague-Dawley rats, in a water bath at 37 degrees C for various time periods (0-22 min). Spontaneous- and cesarean-delivered pups were used as controls. Perinatal asphyxia led to a decrease in the rate of survival, depending upon the length of the insult. No gross morphological changes could be seen in the brain of either control or asphyctic pups at any of the studied time points after delivery. However, in all groups, nuclear chromatin fragmentation, corresponding to in situ detection of DNA fragmentation, was observed at different stages. Nuclear fragmentation in control pups showed a specific distribution that appeared to be related to brain maturation, thus indicating programmed cell death. A progressive and delayed increase in nuclear fragmentation was found in asphyctic pups, which was dependent upon the length of the perinatal insult. The most evident effect was seen in frontal cortex, striatum, and cerebellum at postnatal day 8, although changes were also found in ventral-posterior thalamus, at days 1 and 2. Thus, nuclear chromatin fragmentation in asphyctic pups indicates a delayed post-asphyctic neuronal death. The absence of signs of inflammation or necrosis suggests that delayed neuronal cell death following perinatal asphyxia is an active, apoptosis-like phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Longitudinal changes of biochemical parameters in muscle during critical illness.

The study was undertaken to characterize the time course of biochemical parameters in skeletal muscle during critical illness to gain information for the design of a suitable protocol for interventional studies using metabolic or nutritional manipulation. Critically ill patients in our intensive care unit ([ICU] N = 9) were investigated on two separate sampling occasions with percutaneous muscle biopsies for determination of protein, nucleic acids, free amino acids, energy-rich phosphates, fat, water, and electrolytes. The first biopsy specimen was taken 3 to 11 days after admission and the second biopsy specimen 3 to 7 days later. Protein concentration, expressed as alkali-soluble protein (ASP)/DNA, decreased by 12% (P < .02) between the two biopsies. The total free amino acid content was only 50% of normal, but remained unaltered over time. In particular, the concentration of glutamine remained low, approximately 25% of normal. In contrast, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) increased by 25% (P < .05) and phenylalanine by 55% (P < .05) between biopsies. The fat content related to fat-free solid (FFS) increased by 130% (P < .001) between the two biopsies. Muscle water did not change during the study period. The extracellular portion was double the normal value when related to FFS. Intracellular water, on the other hand, was outside the 95% confidence interval for normal values in the second biopsy. The concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine, phosphocreatine, and the phosphorylated fraction of total creatine remained at the same level between the two biopsies. We conclude that in critically ill patients, there is a decrease in protein content over time and increases in BCAA, phenylalanine, and fat content, while the low glutamine level and high extracellular water content remain unaltered. The temporal alterations were well characterized after a 5-day study period.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Isolation and identification of CGRP C-terminal fragments in the rat spinal cord.

In this study, we have used a liquid chromatography micropurification system in combination with fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) and N-terminal sequencing to characterize 3 calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivities present in the rat spinal cord. Full-length CGRP contributed to approximately 68% of the total immunoreactive material, while approximately 23% consisted of 2 C-terminal fragments, CGRP(18-37) and CGRP(19-37). Synthetic C-terminal fragments of CGRP, e.g. CGRP(19-37), have been shown to antagonize CGRP effects in vitro. We show that such fragments exist in relatively substantial amounts in the rat spinal cord.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Monosialoganglioside (GM1) immunofluorescence in rat spinal roots studied with a monoclonal antibody.

Gangliosides are characteristic glycolipid components of plasma cell membranes, especially enriched in the CNS and PNS. In some diseases involving the PNS, in particular motor neuropathies associated with conduction block, IgM autoantibodies against ganglioside GM1 have been implicated as a pathogenic factor. In order to study the GM1 distribution in peripheral nerves we have investigated its in situ localization using a new anti-GM1 monoclonal antibody, GM1:1. Immunization and production of the monoclonal antibody was made by common protocols and binding specificity was investigated by using structurally related glycolipids and modified GM1-molecules. The result showed that an alpha 2-3 bound sialic acid together with a terminal galactose moiety were essential for GM1:1 binding. In situ localization of GM1 in rat dorsal and ventral spinal roots was investigated by conventional immunomicroscopy. GM1 immunoreactivity was the same in both roots and appeared like a finely granular, in places confluent, material confined to Schmidt-Lanterman's incisures, to myelin sheath paranodal end segments and to some extent to the abaxonal Schwann cell cytoplasm; all of these structures are likely to be the target for GM1 antibodies in peripheral neuropathies. Nodal gaps and fibre contours showed a weak non-specific fluorescence. The localization of GM1 to the incisures of Schmidt-Lanterman and the paranodal end segments of the myelin sheaths might indicate a role of gangliosides as adhesion molecules.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Skeletal muscle glutathione is depleted in critically ill patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the concentrations of reduced and total glutathione in relation to the muscle free amino acid pattern in critically ill patients and matched healthy controls. DESIGN: Prospective case control. SETTING: University hospital intensive care unit (ICU). PATIENTS: Eleven critically ill patients in the intensive care unit were studied after a stay of at least 4 days. Eleven age- and gender-matched metabolically healthy patients undergoing elective surgical procedures served as controls. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Reduced and total glutathione concentrations were determined in skeletal muscle, in plasma, and in whole blood, together with muscle free amino acid concentrations. In the ICU group, reduced and total glutathione values were 57% and 62%, respectively, of the values seen in the control group (p < .001). In addition, a decreased ratio between reduced and total glutathione compared with the controls was seen (0.80 as compared with 0.91, p < .001). The glutamine concentration in skeletal muscle in the ICU group was 72% lower compared with that value seen in healthy controls (p < .001). Correlations were found between the concentrations of glutamine and the total muscle glutathione (r2 = .46, p < .001), as well as between glutamine and the ratio of reduced and total glutathione (r2 = .45, p < .001) in skeletal muscle, suggesting that the redox status of glutathione and the glutamine status of the tissue are related. CONCLUSIONS: Critical illness is associated with alterations in muscle glutathione metabolism. The muscle-reduced glutathione concentrations decrease and, in addition, the ratio between reduced and total glutathione decreases, indicating a situation of oxidative stress in this tissue. This decrease may impair the defense of muscle against oxygen free radicals and influence amino acid transport, thus contributing to the loss of balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation that is characteristic of protein catabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Relationships between health and weight loss during lactation and between health and ability to return to oestrus after weaning in primiparous sows.

The study comprises observations in 301 Swedish Yorkshire primiparous sows belonging to a research herd. During the 6 weeks of lactation, they were fed according to a conventional feeding regime based on litter size. The sows were weighed at farrowing and at weaning. After weaning the sows were checked daily for standing reflex and blood samples for determination of plasma progesterone were drawn regularly. Diseases occurring during lactation were recorded in 223 sows. A clinical health examination of these sows was also performed on the day of weaning, including body temperature, condition scoring, appetite, locomotor disorders, remarks on legs and mammary glands. A blood sample was drawn 1 week before weaning in 155 sows for analysis of blood haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total white blood cell count, serum concentration of urea, creatinine, triglycerides, free fatty acids, total protein and electrophoretic separation of proteins. Sows with large weight loss had a higher total incidence of diseases during lactation, mastitis being the most common disease, than sows with small weight loss. Sows with large weight loss seemed to be more catabolic during late lactation than sows with small weight loss, according to the blood analyses. The blood analyses did not show any signs of subclinical infection being more common among sows with large weight loss than among sows with small weight loss. There were neither any significant differences in the total incidence of diseases during lactation nor in the health at weaning between sows returning to oestrus within 10 days of weaning and sows not returning within this time.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Ethical benefits and costs of coercion in short-term inpatient psychiatric care.

OBJECTIVE: The study examined the outcome of psychiatric inpatient care in terms of patients' reports of ethical benefits, which were defined as fulfillment of the ethical principles of beneficence and autonomy, and ethical costs, which were defined as any violation of those principles. METHODS: A consecutive sample of 84 committed patients and a random sample of 84 voluntarily admitted patients in psychiatric care in two Swedish counties were studied. The patients were assessed twice by a psychiatrist, at admission and at discharge or after three weeks of care. They were also interviewed by a clinical psychologist at discharge or after three weeks. Four aspects of the ethical benefits or costs of their care were examined--whether they reported improvement in mental health, being treated with respect, not being violated as a person, and not being exposed to measures against their will (aside from commitment). RESULTS: The great majority of all patients reported improvement as a result of the psychiatric care. A third of the committed patients and more than half of the voluntarily admitted patients experienced ethical benefits only, without ethical costs. Twenty-three percent of the committed patients and 13 percent of the voluntary patients experienced ethical costs only, without ethical benefits. Some of the patients who experienced ethical costs only were also rated by a psychiatrist as not improved. CONCLUSIONS: Few patients had no measurable benefits of care. For committed as well as voluntary patients, an association was found between perceived respect for autonomy and self-reported improvement in mental health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Intrauterine administration of levonorgestrel 5 and 10 microg/24 hours in perimenopausal hormone replacement therapy. A randomized clinical study during one year.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effects especially with regard to histopathology and bleeding patterns by levonorgestrel (5- or 10 microg/24 h) released from an intrauterine system (IUS) in combination with estradiol valerate (2 mg) given daily or transdermal estradiol (50 microg/24 h) in perimenopausal women. DESIGN: A prospective randomized single blind comparison during twelve months. SUBJECTS: One hundred and twelve perimenopausal women with vaso-motor symptoms. OUTCOME MEASURES: Histopathological assessment of the endometrium, ultrasonographic measurement of endometrial thickness, bleeding patterns, and acceptability. RESULTS: A total of 108 women started the study and 12 discontinued. The most common reason for discontinuation was frequent bleeding (six women). Thus, 96 (89%) women were followed for twelve months. In both the 5- and 10 microg levonorgestrel IUS groups the endometrium in all women but one was non-proliferative after twelve months and no case of hyperplasia was found. Irregular bleeding was reported during the first months of treatment but decreased after six months. At the end of the study 62% in the 5 microg- and 61% in the 10 microg group were amenorrhoic. The effects on bleeding patterns did not differ between the two levonorgestrel dosages. CONCLUSION: Continuous combined HRT was well accepted in perimenopausal women when the progestogen was given in an IUS. IUS's releasing 5- or 10 microg/24 h levonorgestrel seemed to minimize the progestogenic side effects and proved to be sufficient for effective prevention of endometrial stimulation by estrogen treatment in HRT in perimenopausal women.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1997

Long-term stability of albumin, protein HC, immunoglobulin G, kappa- and lambda-chain-immunoreactivity, orosomucoid and alpha 1-antitrypsin in urine stored at -20 degrees C.

The stability of albumin, protein HC, immunoglobulin G, kappa- and lambda-chain immunoreactivity, orosomucoid and alpha 1-antitrypsin in urine stored at -20 degrees C for up to 24 months was investigated. Significant decreases of the median concentration values for protein HC, IgG and alpha 1-antitrypsin were observed for native urine. Addition to urine of a preservative solution containing benzamidinium chloride, EDTA, tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane and azide prevented the decreases of the concentration values for protein HC and IgG but not for alpha 1-antitrypsin. The median concentration values for albumin, orosomucoid and kappa- and lambda-chain immunoreactivity did not change significantly upon storage of native urine, nor for urine with the preservative solution.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1997

The Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden, 1968-69 to 1992-93. A 24-year follow-up study with special reference to participation, representativeness, and mortality.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the fourth phase of the Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden, with special reference to participation and survival. DESIGN: Prospective population study. SETTING: City of Gothenburg with about 430,000 inhabitants. PARTICIPANTS: 1462 participants and 128 refusers aged 38-60 years at the time of the initial study in 1968-69, 282 women who were sampled but not invited to the study in 1968-69, and 266 women participating since 1980-81 and 32 women for the first time in 1992-93. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participation rate, survival, anthropometric and metabolic characteristics. RESULTS: The participation rate throughout the study period was high. The participants were mainly characteristic of women of the same ages in the general population even after 24 years. The mortality after 24 years was higher in non-participants than in participants, while there was no difference in survival between women who were invited and women who were not invited to the study. CONCLUSIONS: The initial participants were mainly characteristic of the general population, also after a long follow-up period. The long-term survival was lower in initial refusers than in initial participants.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Respiratory symptoms, spirometry and chronic occupational paraquat exposure.

OBJECTIVES: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between respiratory health and paraquat exposure. METHODS: The study population was selected from among workers at 15 Nicaraguan banana plantations which relied on paraquat for the control of weeds. All the workers were interviewed after they received their job assignment for the day of the survey, and all who reported never having applied paraquat and all who reported more than 2 years of cumulative exposure as applicators of paraquat with knapsack sprayers were invited for medical evaluation. One hundred and thirty-four exposed workers and 152 unexposed workers were administered a questionnaire interview asking about exposure and respiratory symptoms, and they underwent spirometric testing of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1.0) and forced vital capacity (FVC). RESULTS: In the exposed group 53% reported having experienced a skin rash or burn resulting from paraquat exposure, 25% reported epistaxis, 58% nail damage, and 42% paraquat splashed in the eyes. There was a consistent dose-response relationship between intensity of exposure (as indicated by a history of skin rash or burn) and the prevalence of dyspnea. This relationship was more marked for more severe dyspnea. There was a 3-fold increase in episodic wheezing accompanied by shortness of breath among the more intensely exposed workers. There was no relationship between exposure and FEV1.0 or FVC. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of respiratory symptoms associated with exposure, in the absence of spirometric abnormalities associated with exposure, could be a result of unmeasured gas exchange abnormalities among workers with long-term exposure to paraquat.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Local public services and migration: educational change evidence from Norwegian municipalities.

"We take advantage of a large panel data base covering most Norwegian municipalities during seven years to examine the relationship between local public services and migration to and from municipalities for different age groups. The main innovation of the paper is that we use a survey data set to verify that the input measures employed as explanatory variables in the migration study actually are related to citizen satisfaction with local public services. We find that the results depend crucially on whether the input measures are instrumented. When input measures are instrumented, we find few effects of local public services on migration."

Age Factors↗