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Biomedical subjects

K Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to K Anderson.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Attributional style in depression: a meta-analytic review.

In this article we report meta-analyses of the relation of attributional styles to depression. In 104 studies involving nearly 15,000 subjects, several attributional patterns had reliable associations with depression scores. For negative events, attributions to internal, stable, and global causes had a reliable and significant association with depression. Studies in which the attribution factors of ability and luck were measured also showed a reliable association with depression. For positive events, attributions to external, unstable, and specific causes were associated with depression. Ability and luck attribution factors for positive events were also associated with depression. The relations for positive events, however, were weaker than the corresponding ones for negative events. In general, these patterns of relations were independent of a number of potential mediators suggested by authors in this literature, including the type of subject studied (psychiatric vs. college student), the type of event about which the attribution is made (real vs. simulated), the depression measure used, or the publication status of the research report. These conclusions are compared with those of other reviews. Implications for attributional models of depression are discussed.

Depression↗
PubMed1986

Expression of the major glycoprotein G of human respiratory syncytial virus from recombinant vaccinia virus vectors.

The major glycoprotein, G, of human respiratory syncytial (RS) virus is a Mr 84,000-90,000 species that has about 60% of its mass contributed by carbohydrate, most of which is in the form of O-linked oligosaccharides. The G protein contains neither a hydrophobic N-terminal signal sequence nor a hydrophobic C-terminal anchor region. Instead, its amino acid sequence reveals only one region with significant hydrophobic character, which is between residues 38 and 66. In order to study the synthesis, processing, and functions of this unusual viral glycoprotein, full-length cDNA copies of the G protein mRNA were inserted into the DNA genome of vaccinia virus (VV) in a position that was adjacent to a strong VV promoter and within the VV gene for thymidine kinase (TK). The resulting TK- recombinant viruses were selected, plaque-purified, and characterized by Southern blot analysis of restriction enzyme digests of the viral DNA. Recombinant RNA transcripts that contained both G-specific and VV-specific sequences accumulated in cells infected with recombinant viruses having the G protein gene in the positive orientation. The translation product of these transcripts in infected cells was a Mr 84,000-90,000 glycoprotein that was indistinguishable from authentic RS virus G protein. It could be detected in cell lysates after metabolic labeling with [3H]glucosamine and was immunoprecipitated by anti-RS-virus antiserum. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the G protein accumulated intracellularly with the perinuclear distribution that is characteristic of newly synthesized glycoproteins. Furthermore, the protein was also clearly detectable on the surface of recombinant-infected cells, showing that it was transported to and inserted into the plasma membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Potential role of physical therapists in hyperthermia in cancer therapy. The need for further training.

Clinical trials using hyperthermia in the treatment of local and regional malignant tumors have demonstrated significant potential for hyperthermia to become one of the important adjunctive modalities in cancer management. As this treatment method is used more widely, more allied health practitioners with basic knowledge and training in hyperthermia will be needed to administer hyperthermia treatments. Currently, a variety of allied health professionals such as nurses, radiation therapy technologists, and physical therapists are recruited to operate hyperthermia equipment. No formal programs exist, however, for training these practitioners to administer hyperthermia treatments properly. Just as federal regulations on investigational medical devices ensure the effectiveness and safety of their application, guidelines for the training and education of hyperthermia equipment operators will benefit the welfare of cancer patients who receive these treatments. The Food and Drug Administration awarded a contract to the University of Washington to initiate a preliminary study to develop guidelines and recommendations for training hyperthermia equipment operators. This article presents the results of the study and our preliminary impressions.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1986

Therapy of refractory adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia with vincristine and prednisone plus tandem methotrexate and L-asparaginase. Results of a Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study.

Methotrexate (MTX) and L-asparaginase (ASP) are effective agents in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The effects of combining MTX and ASP are schedule dependent. To investigate this schedule dependency, the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) employed vincristine and prednisone with progressive dose escalation of moderate-dose MTX (125 mg/m2) followed 24 h later with ASP (6,000 U/m2) in refractory adult ALL. We treated 38 patients with refractory or first relapse adult ALL. Most patients had received prior ASP (92%) and MTX (72%). A complete remission was achieved in 25% with a median duration of remission of 21 weeks. The median survival for the entire group was 7.4 months. Therapy was well tolerated and toxicity was acceptable. Our response rate was lower than other tandem MTX and ASP adult ALL trials. Therapy was similar with other series, with the exception of the dose of ASP employed. We conclude that tandem MTX and ASP, in the doses and schedule used here, has only modest activity in previously treated adult ALL. This regimen offers little advantage to other salvage regimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Bacteriuria in the catheterized surgical intensive care patient.

A prospective microbiologic evaluation of the urine was conducted on 100 catheterized ICU patients. Eight subjects had positive initial bladder urine cultures and were eliminated from further study. The remaining 92 patients were catheterized for up to 22 days, mean 4.8 +/- 4.3 (SD). During the first 5 days, 57 (62%) patients completed the surveillance protocol; seven (12.3%) of these had bladder bacteriuria. Of 20 patients with positive urine cultures, six had microorganisms in the collection bag urine alone. The remaining 14 had organisms both in the bladder and in the bag urine. The urine collection bag was the apparent source of microorganisms in the bladder urine in only three cases. The daily incidence of new cases and the cumulative rate of bladder bacteriuria remained below 7% and 22%, respectively, during the first week of catheterization. These rates are similar to those previously reported for various other patient groups outside the ICU setting. Frequent microbiologic monitoring of the urine seems to be unnecessary for most ICU patients because of the short duration of catheterization.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of chronic renal failure on heart. Role of secondary hyperparathyroidism.

This study examined the effects of chronic renal failure in rats with and without parathyroid glands on myocardial energy production, transfer and utilization as well as on cardiac index. Chronic renal failure was produced by 7/8 nephrectomy in rats weighing between 240 and 350 g with intact parathyroid glands (CRF-control) and in parathyroidectomized (CRF-PTX) rats maintained normocalcemic. The data were compared to results obtained in intact rats and in normocalcemic parathyroidectomized rats with normal renal function. There were significant (p less than 0.01) decrements in myocardial content of ATP and creatine phosphate, mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and in the activity of both mitochondrial and myofibrillar creatine phosphokinase in CRF-control rats as compared to normal animals. The myocardial calcium content and the 45Ca uptake in CRF-control rats were significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than in normal rats. In CRF-PTX animals, the myocardial content of ATP, mitochondrial oxygen consumption, 45Ca uptake and calcium content were normal, but PTX did not normalize the activity of mitochondrial and myofibrillar creatine phosphokinase. Parathyroidectomy in rats with normal renal function was associated with a significant reduction in the activity of creatine phosphokinase of myocardial mitochondria and myofibrils. There was a significant (p less than 0.01) decrease in cardiac index in CRF-control rats as compared to normal animals, and cardiac index did not return to normal in CRF-PTX rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Single, sequential, and multiple alkylating agent therapy for multiple myeloma: a CALGB Study.

Four intravenous (IV) alkylating agent regimens were tested in 615 previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma. Patients were randomized to receive melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and carmustine in combination (MCBP), sequentially (Seq-MCBP), or in combination with doxorubicin (MCBPA). The fourth group received IV melphalan (MP) as the only alkylating agent. All groups received a tapering dose of prednisone. Toxicity was similar for all regimens although the nadir of cytopenia was reached more quickly for the regime including melphalan only. Response as measured by reduction in myeloma protein or other parameters were similar for the four treatments. Survival was significantly poorer for the group receiving the alkylating agents in sequence. The survival of high tumor cell load patients who were azotemic was better in the groups treated with IV MP or with the combination of IV MCBP. In view of the simplicity and probable cost savings attached to single-agent treatment, a melphalan/prednisone regimen should be considered as initial therapy for all patients with myeloma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Panic disorder: epidemiology in primary care.

One hundred ninety-five patients in a primary care practice were screened with the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule, a structured psychiatric interview, so that the epidemiology of panic disorder could be studied. Thirteen percent of the patients met criteria described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed 3 (DSM-III) for panic disorder (6.7 percent if the DSM-III exclusionary criteria are used). An additional 8.7 percent of patients, labeled in the study as having simple panic, had four or more autonomic symptoms of panic disorder but did not meet DSM-III criteria (three panic attacks in a three-week period). Compared with controls, patients with panic disorder or simple panic had a significantly higher lifetime risk of major depression, multiple phobias, and avoidance behavior and higher scores on their psychological distress scales. Patients with panic disorder and simple panic often misinterpreted their symptoms as being due to a physical illness and had significantly higher scores on the somatization scale of the SCL-90 and on a medical review of symptoms than did the controls with no panic disorder. It is important to diagnose panic disorder accurately because double-blind placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated the efficacy of psychopharmacologic treatments, including tricyclic antidepressants (notably imipramine and desipramine), the high-potency benzodiazepine (alprazolam) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (phenelzine). Primary care physicians, by screening patients with complaints of tension and anxiety, as well as multiple unexplained somatic complaints for panic disorder, may be able to reduce somatic preoccupation and disease phobia by instituting effective therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Surface membrane O-alkyl lipid concentration and metastasizing behavior in transplantable rat mammary carcinomas.

Whole cell and surface membrane O-alkyl and alk-1-enyl lipid concentrations of 11 transplantable rat mammary carcinomas were measured. A correlation was found between surface membrane O-alkyl lipid levels and metastasizing behavior. No relationship was found between alk-1-enyl lipid concentrations and metastasizing behavior. A possible correlation was found between the product of growth rate and rank order of metastasizing behavior versus surface membrane O-alkyl lipid concentration. Growth rate alone did not correlate with surface membrane O-alkyl lipid concentration.

Alkenes↗
PubMed1985

Correct sequence for the major nucleocapsid protein mRNA of respiratory syncytial virus.

A nucleotide sequence for the mRNA of the major nucleocapsid (N) protein gene of respiratory syncytial virus was reported previously (N. Elango and S. Venkatesen, 1983, Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 5941-5951). However, we have been unable to confirm part of this sequence as N mRNA-specific and suggest that the published sequence represents that of an aberrant chimeric transcript. Here we present an alternative sequence for the N mRNA and provide data supporting its authenticity. The corrected N mRNA sequence contains 1197 rather than 1427 nucleotides exclusive of poly(A), and encodes a protein of 391 rather than 467 amino acids. The calculated molecular weight for the 391-amino acid protein described by the sequence presented here is 42,600, in agreement with the molecular weight of 42,000 determined for the RS viral N protein by gel electrophoresis. In addition, we present sequence data from dicistronic RNAs that span the junction between the 1B protein and N cistrons, and the junction between the N and phosphoprotein (P) cistrons.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Nutrition support of inborn errors of amino acid metabolism.

Programs for nutrition support of patients with phenylketonuria, maternal phenylketonuria, branched chain ketoaciduria and vitamin B-6 non-responsive homocystinuria were written in BASIC. These programs plan diets to fill diet prescriptions using natural foods, available amino acid-free or restricted elemental products, milk or infant proprietary formulae and protein-free fat and carbohydrate sources. Emphasis is placed on satisfying the amino acid and protein prescriptions simultaneously. The final semisynthetic formula is evaluated for vitamins, minerals, renal solute load and renal net acid excretion. Fluid requirement is estimated. The paper describes how the conventional protocols are enhanced by computerization and details the requisite calculations.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1985

Rat luminal cell nuclear area changes correlated with uterine growth responses induced by a low dose infusion or injection of estradiol-17 beta.

Rat uterine luminal epithelial cells (LEC) responded differently when exposed to an injection of 1.0 microgram estradiol-17 beta (E2) compared to a continuous infusion of E2 at the rate of 1.0 microgram/24 hours. After injection or beginning infusion, LEC mean nuclear area significantly decreased by 4 h, then increased thereafter. After injection, nuclear area distributions were determined at each time point. The percentage of large nuclei (greater than 40 mu 2) decreased by 4h postinjection and remained a relatively small proportion of the population, while the percentage of nuclei of 20-30 mu 2 areas increased throughout the experiment. During infusion, the percentage of large nuclei decreased by 4h after pump implantation, then increased. Only infusion induced sustained, increased uterine protein content, DNA synthesis and ornithine decarboxylase activity. This study suggests that E2 treatment modality induces differences in nuclear size in target cells as well as in biochemical parameters.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Judgments of natural and anomalous trajectories in the presence and absence of motion.

Recent studies have shown that many people demonstrate erroneous beliefs about motion when asked to predict the trajectories of objects. The present experiments examine whether people can select as correct natural trajectories over anomalous ones when presented with the actual on-going event (motion condition) or static representations of the event (no-motion condition). McCloskey's curved tube problem was used as the event. Results indicate that adults benefit from the motion information in these stimuli, choosing the correct path more often in the motion condition. Men performed better than women in both conditions; this gender effect could not be attributed to formal instruction in physics. Only in the no-motion condition did any men prefer a path which reflected an impetus model of motion. Some women chose a curvilinear path in the motion condition, and in the no-motion condition the curvilinear path was their most often selected alternative. Fifth-grade children demonstrated no effect for gender and their path preferences resembled those of adult males. Children's responses failed to demonstrate a preference for those curvilinear paths which reflect an impetus-based approach to the problem. Adults' performance in the no-motion condition was not enhanced by instructions to employ mental imagery of the event.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Prognosis of subjects in the Framingham Study with rheumatic heart disease.

One hundred thirteen of the original Framingham Heart Study cohort, aged 30 to 62 years, were identified as having valvular heart disease of presumed rheumatic etiology. All of these subjects, and a sample of age- and sex-matched controls, were accounted for during 34 years between 1950 and 1984. Although subjects with rheumatic heart disease had significantly higher mortality and serious morbidity than did those in the control group, 36 of the 113 (31.9%) rheumatic heart disease subjects survived at the end of this period as compared with 52.7% of the control subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Diagnostic assays in acute pancreatitis. A study of sensitivity and specificity.

The sensitivity and specificity of five assays used to diagnose acute pancreatitis were studied: two amylase assays; one lipase; one trypsinogen; and one pancreatic isoamylase. Thirty-nine patients with acute pancreatitis were compared to 127 controls with abdominal pain. Using the upper limit of normal both amylase assays appeared sensitive but somewhat nonspecific (specificities of 88.9% and 86%, respectively). The trypsinogen and pancreatic isoamylase assays were also relatively nonspecific (specificity of 82.8% and 85.1%). Most nonspecific elevations occurred between a one- and twofold elevation of each assay. Lipase, however, maintained excellent specificity (99%) at its upper limit of normal. If the level of best cutoff is used instead (the level that best enhances sensitivity and specificity), the specificities of both amylase assays, as well as the trypsinogen and pancreatic isoamylase assays, exceed 95%. At the best cutoff level, trypsinogen maintains a qualitative advantage in sensitivity over lipase or pancreatic isoamylase (97.4% as compared to 86.5% and 84.6%).

Acute Disease↗