[Studies on metabolism and disposition of sizofiran (SPG), an anti-tumor polysaccharide. I. Excretion and tissue distribution of 14C-SPG].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
K Amemiya
Publications and source records attributed to K Amemiya.
Surgical and medical treatments of true and dissecting aortic aneurysm in cases over 65 years old.
Ninety-one patients with true and dissecting aortic aneurysm were reviewed. They ranged in age from 65 to 87 years (mean 71 years). Forty-eight patients were diagnosed with abdominal aortic aneurysm, 21 patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm and 22 patients with dissecting aortic aneurysm. They were divided into 2 categories, surgical group and non-surgical, and the prognoses of the 2 groups were compared. The average age of surgically treated cases was significantly younger than that of non-surgical cases. This study suggests that elective operation should be considered for abdominal aortic aneurysms because of the high risk of late rupture. In older patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm, the prognosis was better in surgically treated patients than in those not treated. However, the surgical mortality rate of elective operation was high. The surgical mortality rate of older patients with dissecting aortic aneurysm was not satisfactory, and medical treatment which decreases blood pressure should be considered first. All patients classified as Stanford type A should be operated on if possible.
Age Factors↗
Involvement of glucocorticoid in insulin-induced angiogenesis of adjuvant pouch granuloma in diabetic mice.
The effects of insulin and glucocorticoid on granuloma formation and angiogenesis were studied using an adjuvant pouch in mice and a carrageenin pouch in rats. Carrageenin-induced granuloma formation was suppressed in the diabetic state induced by alloxan in rats. The suppression was restored by adrenalectomy. Corticosterone counteracted the restoration, whereas epinephrine did not, suggesting that the effects of adrenalectomy are due to the lack of adrenocortical hormones rather than epinephrine. The blood corticosterone levels in alloxan mice increased, following the increase of glucose level, to more than 20 micrograms/dl after 4 weeks. The increase of corticosterone levels disappeared after adrenalectomy. In the mouse adjuvant pouch, corticosterone dose-dependently decreased granuloma formation and angiogenesis. The values of these two parameters obtained with a dose of 20 micrograms/pouch corticosterone agreed with those of the serum levels in diabetic mice. Insulin dose-dependently reversed the suppressed angiogenesis of 20 micrograms corticosterone-treated mice and the dose-response curve approximated the curve of alloxan-treated mice. The effects of diabetes were concluded to involve insulin deficiency as well as glucocorticoid enhancement and the counteraction between the two may control granuloma formation and angiogenesis.
Adrenalectomy↗
Insulin resistance of adjuvant-induced granuloma pouch formation in genetically diabetic KK-CAy mice.
The characteristics of adjuvant-induced pouch granuloma in genetically diabetic KK-CAy mice with hyperinsulinemia were investigated. Both the dose-response relationship and the time-course experiments showed that the wet weight of pouch granuloma in diabetic KK-CAy mice was lower than in ddY normal mice. Insulin treatment enhanced granuloma formation in KK-CAy mice, and it restored the suppressed DNA content in the granuloma tissue to the level in ddY mice. Although the DNA content was dose-dependently increased by insulin, the ratio of DNA content to granuloma weight was constant. In severely diabetic mice, the granuloma weight was not different from that in normoglycemic mice, despite significantly higher blood insulin levels and greater body weight. Insulin stimulated granuloma formation in severely diabetic KK-CAy mice only when higher doses (1 mg/kg) were given. This evidence suggests that suppression of granuloma formation in diabetic KK-CAy mice is due to insulin resistance and that restoration requires pharmacological doses of insulin.
Animals↗
Insulin-induced granuloma tissue formation and angiogenesis in alloxan-treated diabetic mice.
Pouch granuloma formation induced by Freund's complete adjuvant containing 0.1% croton oil was studied in both normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice, and was found to be significantly suppressed in the diabetic group. Insulin repeatedly injected into the pouch facilitated granuloma formation dose-dependently, especially in the diabetic mice. The topical insulin treatment did not affect blood glucose levels. The suppression of granuloma formation by diabetes and its reverse by insulin treatment were verified by histological findings in the granuloma pouch wall. Characteristic changes in neovascularization occurred in the pouch wall. The hydroxyproline content in the granuloma tissue in diabetic mice was not significantly enhanced by the insulin treatment. This indicates that differences in collagen production in normal and diabetic mice were not the critical factor affecting granuloma formation. It was concluded that the decreased granuloma formation in the diabetic state was due to the lack of insulin as a growth factor, and that angiogenesis induced by insulin preceding collagen fiber formation may play an essential role in granuloma formation.
Animals↗
[A case of typical diffuse alveolar septal pulmonary amyloidosis involved by multiple myeloma].
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Aged↗
Transcription initiation in vitro and in vivo at a highly conserved promoter within a 16 S ribosomal RNA gene.
Transcription initiation has been shown to occur in vitro at several sites within a cloned Caulobacter crescentus ribosomal RNA gene cluster that lacks the major promoter region 5' to the 16 S rRNA gene. The predominant transcription start site in vitro was located near the 3' end of the 16 S rRNA gene. Transcription initiation from this region was also detected in vivo, when the cloned rRNA gene cluster was present on a multi-copy plasmid. The transcription start sites in vitro and in vivo were shown to be identical by S1 nuclease mapping and were found to be located approximately 300 nucleotides upstream from the 3' end of the 16 S rRNA gene. The transcript synthesized in vitro was shown to be cleaved by C. crescentus RNase III and to release the transfer RNA genes from the downstream 16 S/23 S intergenic spacer region. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence near the internal 16 S rRNA transcription start site revealed the presence of a consensus promoter sequence followed by the beginning of an open reading frame approximately 90 nucleotides downstream. Examination of the 16 S rRNA genes from other bacterial species and chloroplasts and 18 S rRNA genes from Xenopus and yeast revealed that the nucleotide sequence of this internal 16 S rRNA promoter region was highly conserved. Although the length of these 16 S and 18 S rRNA genes is slightly variable, the distance of the conserved promoter sequence from the 3' end of these genes has been conserved.
Base Sequence↗
6-Mercaptopurine-induced alterations in mineral metabolism and teratogenesis in the rat.
The relationship between 6-mercaptopurine-induced alterations in mineral metabolism and the teratogenic effects of the drug were investigated. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 4.5, 100, or 1,000 micrograms Zn per 1 g diet. On day 11 of gestation, dams were given intraperitoneal injections of 6-mercaptopurine (27.5 mg/kg). At term, dams fed the 1,000-micrograms Zn per 1 g diet showed fewer drug-induced deleterious effects on reproduction and embryogenesis than did those fed lower levels of zinc. Mineral analysis of maternal and fetal tissues revealed pronounced effects of 6-mercaptopurine on metabolism of zinc, copper, iron, calcium, and magnesium. The results of this study indicate that 6-mercaptopurine teratogenesis may be due in part to drug-induced changes in mineral metabolism.
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
Quantitative method for measuring adjuvant-induced granuloma angiogenesis in insulin-treated diabetic mice.
The angiogenesis of adjuvant-induced pouch granuloma was studied in insulin-treated diabetic mice by a newly established method using carmine dye. The 10% carmine suspension in 5% gelatin solution was infused through the tail vein of mice to be distributed to the end of the capillaries in the granulation tissue without leakage. The carmine dye was extracted from the tissue with 3 N NaOH solution and then measured by spectrophotometry. The content of carmine dye in the granuloma tissue in alloxan diabetic mice was observed to be significantly low during the first week after adjuvant injection when compared with normal mice, indicating poor development of blood vessels in the diabetic state. Diabetes-induced inhibition of the angiogenesis was completely restored by the treatment with insulin in a dose producing no hypoglycemic effect. These results were directly reflected by the formation of granuloma tissue. This method was established to be explicitly useful for measuring the angiogenesis, especially in mouse granuloma tissue.
Angiography↗
[Mechanism of action of pronase on chronic proliferative inflammation including granuloma angiogenesis in mice].
Effects of pronase on granuloma angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation were investigated using granuloma pouches induced by Freund's complete adjuvant containing 0.1% croton oil in normal and alloxan diabetic mice. Granuloma angiogenesis was measured by the carmine dye infusion method. Pronase (2 mg/kg/day) was daily injected into the pouch for 3 to 7 days, and its effects were compared with those of hydrocortisone (1 mg/kg/day) and indomethacin (2 mg/kg/day). Pronase significantly inhibited the wet weight of pouch granuloma, mainly in the later stage of inflammation in normal mice. But it failed to decrease both the content of hydroxyproline in granuloma and the amount of carmine dye infused into the newly developed capillaries, whereas hydrocortisone and indomethacin significantly decreased them. In pathohistological findings, pronase increased angiogenesis and subsequently enhanced the repair rate by a dense arrangement of mature connective tissue, although hydrocortisone and indomethacin markedly decreased angiogenesis. In alloxan diabetic mice, granulation tissue was significantly produced less than that in normal mice. Hydrocortisone potentiated the decrease in granulation tissue formation of diabetic mice, whereas pronase did not markedly affect on it. The ratios of the amount of capillaries to the wet weight of granuloma tissue in pronase-treated mice were higher than those of control mice. Pronase was concluded to enhance angiogenesis in granuloma tissue in addition to the activation of collagenolysis and proteolysis.
Animals↗
[Combination therapy of radiation and schizophyllan (SPG) in C3H mouse squamous-cell carcinoma NR-S1].
The efficacy of schizophyllan, a beta-1, 3-D-glucan with a beta-1, 6-linked D-glucose residue isolated from Schizophyllum commune Fries, in combination with local radiation therapy was investigated using C3H mouse squamous-cell carcinoma NR-S1. Male C3H/He mice were implanted with 10(5) cells of NR-S1 tumor on day 0. On day 9 after implantation, mice received electron irradiation with a dose of 5,500 rads. Intramuscular injection of SPG (1.0 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg) was then started from the day following irradiation and repeated 15 times at one-day intervals. The antitumor effect was measured by the tumor size and survival time. Significant tumor growth suppression and prolongation of life-span were observed in the group given radiation and SPG (5.0 mg/kg) in comparison with the group which received radiation alone. In histopathological examination of irradiated tumor sites, stromal reactions accompanied by a much greater degree of cellular infiltration consisting of mainly lymphocytes were observed in the group given combined radiation and SPG (5.0 mg/kg).
Animals↗
[Effects of schizophyllan (SPG), an antitumor polysaccharide, on serum proteins--in ENNG induced canine gastric cancer].
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Animals↗
A case with bronchogenic cyst diagnosed by reconstruction CT prior to surgery which showed cardiac abnormalities.
A case report of a patient with bronchogenic cyst who presented with cardiogenic symptoms was described. The precise diagnosis was finally made after completing various diagnostic procedures which included reconstruction computed tomography. The patient, a 30-year-old man, was admitted to our hospital because of palpitation, chest pain and fever of three weeks duration. An electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed evidence suggestive of left atrial overloading and frequent atrial premature beats. A chest roentgenogram showed an abnormal shadow behind the right upper portion of the heart and a cross-sectional echocardiogram revealed abnormal echoes with ill-defined margins in the left atrium. Computed tomography (CT) revealed the presence of the left atrial tumor but left atriography suggested that it was extracardiac and compressing the left atrium. Reconstruction CT was therefore performed and the cyst was diagnosed as being in a subcarinal position. A mobile calcified mass was also demonstrated by the CT. An operation was performed and a cyst, 6 X 3 cm, was removed almost completely and a histopathological diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst was made. In this particular case, ECG abnormalities which suggest atrial damage and the diagnostic usefulness of reconstruction CT are stressed.
Adult↗
Effect of the anticarcinogenic drug 6-mercaptopurine on mineral metabolism in the mouse.
The effect of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) on mineral metabolism was investigated in mice. C57BL mice were given 6-MP for 5 consecutive days. Treatments were: no injection; saline; vehicle injection (carboxymethylcellulose (CMC]; 5 mg/kg 6-MP; 25 mg/kg 6-MP; 50 mg/kg 6-MP; 100 mg/kg 6-MP; and 150 mg/kg 6-MP. After the 5-day period, tissues were removed and the levels of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cn) and manganese (Mn) were measured. In liver, but not in intestine or kidney, zinc and calcium levels increased in a dose-dependent manner. The weight of the stomach relative to body weight was significantly greater in mice receiving 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg BW doses of 6-MP than in those given lower doses, despite significantly lower body weight. This result indicated that 6-MP produced gastric toxicity. Injection of saline or vehicle had no effect on any of the parameters measured. The effect of 6-MP on mineral changes and on stomach-emptying may be partly responsible for at least some of its negative side-effects.
Animals↗
Organization and nucleotide sequence analysis of an rRNA and tRNA gene cluster from Caulobacter crescentus.
rRNA genes of Caulobacter crescentus CB13 were isolated and shown to be present in two gene clusters in the genome. The organization of each rRNA gene cluster was found to be 5'-16S-tRNA spacer-23S-5S-3'. The DNA sequence of 40% of the 16S rRNA gene, the entire 16S/23S intergenic spacer region, and portions of the 23S rRNA gene were determined. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence in the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region revealed the presence of tRNAIle and tRNAAla genes. Large invert repeat sequences were found surrounding the 16S rRNA gene. These inverted repeat sequences are analogous to the RNase III-processing sites in the E. coli rRNA precursor. Small invert repeat sequences were also found flanking the individual tRNA genes. RNA polymerase-binding studies with restriction fragments of the rRNA gene cluster revealed three regions which bound enzyme, and these regions were shown to contain transcription initiation sites. One of these sites was located within the 16S gene near its 3' end, and the other two were found at the 5' end of the 23S gene.
Base Sequence↗
Phosphorylation of the beta' Subunit of RNA Polymerase and Other Host Proteins upon phiCd1 Infection of Caulobacter crescentus.
A protein kinase activity is induced early after infection of Caulobacter crescentus by the DNA phage phiCd1. After phage infection at least 40 proteins are phosphorylated; these include DNA-binding proteins, a membrane-associated protein, and several ribosomal proteins. One of the phosphorylated DNA-binding proteins was identified as the beta' subunit of the host RNA polymerase.
Journal Article↗
Mouse granuloma pouch induced by Freund's complete adjuvant with croton oil.
A mouse inflammation model of chronic proliferative type was newly produced in this study. Among a great many methods examined in mice, only an air-pouch method with Freund's complete adjuvant with 0.1% croton oil obviously induced the granuloma pouch with well-developed vascularization, which a little differed from that seen in rats. Both granuloma formation and fluid exudation in this adjuvant pouch increased until one or two weeks after treatment, respectively, followed by reducing gradually to become nearly normal at 12 weeks after. The pathohistological study exhibited liquefaction necrosis in the earlier stage, followed by coagulation necrosis accompanied with inflammatory cells infiltration. The nascently sprouted capillaries were well-developed and then the fibrous tissue formation proceeded along with the vascularization. The granuloma finally changed to scars and callous tissues. Intrapouch injection of hydrocortisone and indomethacin decreased the pouch fluid and the pouch wall weight. In conclusion, the adjuvant pouch in mice may be a feasible experimental model for the pharmacological study on the vascularization in the acute and chronic inflammatory processes.
Animals↗
Purification, physicochemical characterization, and antitumor activity of a cancer-associated human serum protein that is increased by treatment with schizophyllan, an antitumor polysaccharide.
A serum protein was purified from normal human sera by several steps of purification, and tentatively designated as cancer-associated serum protein (CAP-135), since the content of the protein was remarkably decreased in cancer patients. The purified CAP-135 has an approximate molecular weight of 135,000 daltons, and is composed of three subunits of 78,000, 34,500 and 24,800 daltons. CAP-135 showed an isoelectric point of pH 5.5-5.8 and contained a small amount (1.38%) of neutral sugar. CAP-135 is assumed to be modified complement C3 on the basis that it reacted only with anticomplement C3 in immunodiffusion assay, and one of its subunits had a molecular weight similar to that of the beta-chain of human complement C3. The ip injection of CAP-135 apparently inhibited the growth of sarcoma-180 implanted into the groin of Jc1:ICR female mice. The present results indicate that CAP-135 may be of diagnostic value.
Amino Acids↗