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Biomedical subjects

K Amano

Publications and source records attributed to K Amano.

460 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of standard diluted epinephrine infusion on epidural anesthesia in labor.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epinephrine is used with local anesthetics to prolong the duration of epidural analgesia and decrease the peak plasma concentrations of local anesthetics. However, the duration of labor may be prolonged because epinephrine reduces uterine activity. We designed a prospective, randomized, and doubleblind study to examine the effects of epinephrine infusion on the quality of analgesia and plasma concentration of local anesthetic, as well as the effect on the uteroplacental circulation, duration of the first or second stage of labor, and fetal outcome. METHODS: Twenty-four parturients received continuous epidural bupivacaine 0.125% (8 mL/h) combined either with epinephrine (40 microg/h) (n = 12) or without epinephrine (n = 12) for analgesia during labor. If patients requested additional analgesia, a bolus of 1% or 1.5% lidocaine (6 to 10 mL) was given. RESULTS: Only the plain bupivacaine group required additional lidocaine. However, epinephrine infusion prolonged the median (range) duration of the second stages of labor: 69 (21 to 231) minutes with epinephrine group versus 31 (8 to 99) minutes without epinephrine group (P < .05), and decreased pH in umbilical artery at the time of delivery. Epinephrine infusion did not change the uterine and umbilical blood flow, which were determined as the resistance indices. Changes in the fetal heart rate and Apgar score were also comparable. Epinephrine significantly reduced the umbilical venous to maternal arterial bupivacaine concentration (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: A standard diluted epinephrine infusion (40 microg/h) into epidural space decreased anesthetic requirements. The possibility of the prolonged duration of labor remains a problem.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution of trace elements in the human body determined by neutron activation analysis.

Neutron activation analysis and instrumental semiconductor gamma-ray spectrometry were used for analysis of 20 trace elements in 10 autopsied human organs and tissues (liver, kidney, cerebrum, cerebellum, heart, muscle, pancreas, spleen, lung, and aorta) from 63 Japanese persons, whose ages ranged from 15 days to 85 yr. Distributions of aluminum, bromine, magnesium, manganese, rubidium, selenium, and vanadium in human body were almost uniform. High concentrations of cadmium were found in kidney and liver samples. There was a high mercury concentration in the liver, kidney, and brain samples. Concentrations of other elements (arsenic, gold, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, indium, antimony, selenium, titanium, and zinc) in each organ or tissue are also presented in this paper.

Activation Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spinal cord tissue oxygen in experimental ischemia, compression, and central necrosis.

A polarographic electrode of the surface reservoir type was applied to the canine cervical cord to obtain tissue oxygen tension. Normal, ischemic, compressed, and centrally necrotized spinal cords were examined. Effects of hypertension, hypotension, and pure oxygen inhalation on the cord oxygen were checked. Both ischemic and compressed cord demonstrated tissue oxygen lower than normal cord. Centrally necrotized cord showed normal oxygen in air ventilation but responded less markedly to 100% oxygen ventilation than did normal cord. Hypertension and hypotension made the cord oxygen rise and fall, respectively, more consistently in centrally necrotized cord than in normal cord. This method was shown to be useful for monitoring the spinal cord blood flow.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of computerized transverse axial tomography on stereotactic surgery of the diencephalon. A preliminary report of 67 cases.

67 cases of various functional disorders of the diencephalon were examined by EMI scanner. The patients were composed of 38 cases of parkinsonism, 7 cases of thalamic syndrome, 6 cases of choreoathetoid movement, 2 cases of dystonia, 11 cases of involuntary movement of unknown etiology and 1 case of torticollis, tic, and ballismus, respectively. In parkinsonism, 79% showed diffuse cerebral atrophy, 5% had focal low density in the substantia nigra and the thalamus, whereas 16% remained normal. Pre- and postoperative assessment with CT scan was briefly discussed with reference to stereotactic surgery of the diencephalon.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Successful treatment of supraventricular tachycardia with flecainide acetate: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Efficacy of flecainide acetate for the treatment of fetal supraventricular tachycardia with cardiac failure was reported. CASE: For a case in which maternal digoxin therapy failed, flecainide acetate (400 mg/day) is used from 27 weeks. Cardioversion with improved cardiac function occurred 6 days after treatment. Fetal serum flecainide acetate level was 292 ng/ml which was 64% of the maternal level (453 ng/ml). No adverse maternal side effects were noted with 11 weeks of therapy. A vigorous male baby, weighing 3,610 g, Apgar 8/9, Ua-pH 7.24, was born. He is now 1 year of age and in good condition with medication of 5 mg/kg flecainide acetate. CONCLUSION: Flecainide acetate seemed to be safe for both mother and fetus, and effective for the treatment of fetal supraventricular tachycardia which is refractory to transplacental digoxin therapy.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between pup growth, mother weight, food or water intake in four strains of mice.

The partial correlation coefficients were computed between pup growth rate on day 12 of lactation and mother weight on day 11 or daily food or water intake by mother between days 4 and 11 in the 1st to 3rd lactations of four strains of mice, SHN, SLN, C3H/He and GR/A, in order to estimate the influence of food and/or water intake on lactational performance (pup growth) and mother weight. In SHN mice, pup growth rate had negative and positive correlations with food intake and mother weight, respectively, in the 1st lactation. This indicates that food ingested is used for mother weight increase rather than for lactation. On the contrary, there was a positive correlation between pup growth rate and food intake in the 3rd lactation of SHN mice and in the 2nd lactation of GR/A mice, suggesting the preferential contribution of food to lactation. In neither SLN nor C3H/He mice apparent relations between variables were seen. These results suggest the careful choice of mouse strains for studies on nutrition and lactation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perchloric acid, toxicolor, endospecy, and miconazole in the early diagnosis and treatment of fungemia.

As a procedure for the diagnosis of fungemia, Toxicolor and Endospecy (limulus tests using a synthetic chromogenic substrate) were used to measure (1----3)-beta-D-glucan (beta-glucan), which is a membranous component of fungus. The plasma samples were pretreated with a new perchloric acid method. These methods permit measurement of the beta-glucan within about two hours. Patients in whom fungemia was diagnosed were effectively treated with miconazole.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiotoxicity of combined administration of adriamycin and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in rats-with special reference to 125I-MIBG cardioautoradiography and histopathological findings.

We studied whether adriamycin(ADM)-induced myocardial disorder in rats is advanced when recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) is administered. Rats were divided into three groups (15 rats/group), i.e. the ADM group, the ADM+rhG-CSF group, and the vehicle-treated control group. ADM (2 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered for the first 2 days in each cycle and 10 days of administration of rhG-CSF (50 micrograms/kg, s.c.) was started two days after the second dose of ADM was given in each cycle. The dosing cycle was repeated 3 times. One day after the last dose, the following parameters were analyzed: peripheral blood and bone marrow cells, electrocardiogram (ECG) and histopathological findings. Four hours after intravenous administration of 125I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (125I-MIBG), accumulation of 125I-MIBG in some organs and findings from autoradiography (ARG) of the heart were examined. ECG revealed an extended ventricular activation (VAT) time in the ADM and ADM+rhG-CSF groups. In histopathological analysis, vacuolar degeneration of the myocardium was observed in both the ADM and ADM+rhG-CSF groups. The degree of change was the same for both groups. The accumulation of 125I-MIBG in the heart was lower in both the ADM and ADM+rhG-CSF groups than in the control group. The same tendency was observed in ARG, but the difference between the ADM group and the ADM+rhG-CSF group was not significant. These results suggest that administration of rhG-CSF at the standard clinical dose does not aggravate ADM-induced myocardial disorder. However, because this disorder may be more clearly manifested by treatment with higher doses of ADM, it is necessary to conduct further studies on the methods of dosing and administration.

Animals↗