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Biomedical subjects

K Albertsson-Wikland

Publications and source records attributed to K Albertsson-Wikland.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Growth hormone treatment and diabetes: survey of the kabi pharmacia international growth study.

Out of a total of 8136 children registered in the Kabi Pharmacia International Growth Study, 12 have been reported to have diabetes either before or during treatment with growth hormone (GH). Two of these have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), of whom one had risk factors for the development of his condition, namely gross obesity and familial occurrence of NIDDM. One is a rare case of McCune-Albright's syndrome with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and 9 other patients have IDDM. Of these 9, 6 have idiopathic GH deficiency. In 8 of the 9 patients with IDDM, the condition was diagnosed before GH therapy was commenced, at ages ranging from less than 2 years to 16 years. The association is probably fortuitous, however, as the onset of IDDM in 7 patients was immediately before or during puberty, as often occurs in IDDM in general.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Recombinant human growth hormone treatment in short children with chronic renal disease, before transplantation or with functioning renal transplants: an interim report on five European studies.

Growth retardation is common in children with chronic renal disease. Final adult height is often reduced, even in children with a functioning renal transplant. The five European studies considered here aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human growth hormone therapy (rhGH) in two groups of short children with chronic renal disease. The first group comprises 29 prepubertal children with preterminal chronic renal failure (i.e. before renal transplantation), and the second group comprises 39 prepubertal and pubertal children with functioning renal transplants. The median bone age retardation in the groups at the start of treatment was between 2.2 and 3.7 years; this did not change during the first year of treatment. This interim report concentrates on patients who have been treated for at least 1 year (i.e. 22 children from the first group, and 28 children from the transplant group (15 prepubertal and 13 pubertal children). The median height velocity increased from 4.8 cm/year to 10.0 cm/year in the first group (the chronic renal failure group), from 2.6 cm/year to 6.2 cm/year in prepubertal children with renal transplants and from 3.8 cm/year to 6.7 cm/year in pubertal children with renal transplants. The corresponding changes in height velocity SDS were from -1.3 to 5.1 for the chronic renal failure group and -2.8 to 2.3 for the prepubertal children with renal transplants. Renal function declined in the chronic renal failure group but this decline corresponded to expected progression of the disease. Some of the children with renal transplants showed a decreased renal function, which in most cases was explained by non-compliance or chronic rejection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Birth data for patients who later develop growth hormone deficiency: preliminary analysis of a national register. The Executive Scientific Committee of the Kabi International Growth Study and the Swedish Paediatric Study Group for Growth Hormone Treatment.

This study analyses gestational age, mode of delivery and size at birth in children who later developed idiopathic or organic growth hormone deficiency (GHD). A data register of children on growth hormone (GH) treatment in Sweden was compared with the Swedish Medical Birth Register during a 14-year period (1973-1986) comprising 1.4 million newborn children. Size at birth was evaluated using a new Swedish reference standard based on data from around 500,000 newborn children. It was found that the children who later develop idiopathic GHD (IGHD) were born with a normal distribution of gestational age. They were more often born with breech delivery (7.1% versus 2.8%) or caesarean section (16.6% versus 10.4%) compared with normal children. The children's condition at birth was poorer than normal, as shown by the frequency of Apgar scores below 7 at 5 minutes (5.2% versus 1.2%). Finally, it was found that children who later develop IGHD (n = 220) had a median birth length of 0.87 SDS below the mean and a median birth weight of 0.60 SDS below the mean of the standard. In contrast, both the birth length and weight of the children who later develop organic GHD (OGHD) (n = 92) did not differ from that of the reference.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1990

Change in electrophoretic mobility of human follicle-stimulating hormone in serum after administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

The median electrophoretic mobility of FSH in serum (S-FSH) was determined in 14 girls, aged 9-14 yr, with Turner's syndrome before and after iv administration of GnRH. The basal S-FSH level varied almost 100-fold between patients. Less negatively charged forms of FSH appeared in serum in all patients after GnRH stimulation. The aim of the study was to determine if the change in electrophoretic mobility of S-FSH after GnRH treatment was related to the basal S-FSH level, the absolute or relative increase in the S-FSH level after GnRH, or the electrophoretic mobility of S-FSH present in the basal state. A highly significant (r = 0.94; P less than 0.001) correlation was found between the relative increase in S-FSH 60 min after GnRH treatment and the decrease in electrophoretic mobility. A selective survival of different forms of FSH in the circulation is proposed as the most likely explanation for the appearance in serum of the less negatively charged forms of FSH after GnRH stimulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Growth hormone secretion and growth hormone treatment in children with intrauterine growth retardation. Swedish Paediatric Study Group for Growth Hormone Treatment.

Few children with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) fail to show catch-up growth during the first year of life. There may be many reasons for this, ranging from disturbances of hormone production to hormonal unresponsiveness of target cells. This report presents preliminary data on growth hormone (GH) secretion and responses to GH treatment in 16 children with IUGR and poor catch-up growth, six of whom had Silver-Russell stigmata. GH secretion was assessed by measurement of the GH response to an arginine-insulin test and determination of spontaneous GH secretion over 24 hours. GH production was heterogeneous but, more often than expected, children showed both a low response to GH provocation and low spontaneous secretion of GH. Five out of six of the children with Silver-Russell syndrome and seven out of 10 of the children with non-Silver-Russell IUGR gained more than 2 cm in height during 1 year of treatment with GH at a dose of 0.1 IU/kg/day. These results clearly demonstrate that some children with IUGR and poor catch-up growth secrete insufficient amounts of GH, and that many of these very short children show an improvement in growth rate during treatment with physiological doses of GH.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Improved growth response to GH treatment in irradiated children.

The growth response to two years of GH treatment was studied in fifteen children after radiotherapy for a cranial tumor. The growth response was compared to that of short children (-2 SD) and that of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (GHD) of similar ages. All children were treated with hGH 0.1 IU/kg/day s.c.; which is a higher dose and frequency than previously reported for irradiated children. On this protocol the growth rate increased 5.0 +/- 0.5 cm/y (mean +/- SEM) the first year and 3.8 +/- 0.7 cm/y the second year compared to the growth rate the year before GH-treatment. Although the net gain in growth was higher than previously reported, the first year growth response was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) compared to that of GHD-children (7.6 +/- 0.5 cm/y) but exceeded (p less than 0.05) that of short children (3.4 +/- 0.3 cm/y). The median spontaneous 24 h-GH secretion was 209 mU/l in the short children, 52 mU/l in the irradiated children and 16 mU/l in the idiopathic GHD children. Thus the growth increment varied inversely to the spontaneous GH secretion observed in the three groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Suppressed spontaneous secretion of growth hormone in girls after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

The spontaneous secretion of growth hormone during a 24 hour period and the response of growth hormone to growth hormone releasing hormone was studied in 13 girls who had received treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia that included cranial irradiation with 20-24 Gy in 12-14 fractions. At the time of investigation the girls were at varying stages of puberty and had normal concentrations of thyroid hormones. The mean interval between the end of treatment and investigation was 4.6 years. The mean age at onset of the disease was 3.2 years and at investigation 10.7 years. The average attained height equalled -0.3 SD at onset, and -1.0 SD at the time of investigation. Secretion of growth hormone was substantially reduced compared with controls and did not increase during puberty. A prompt rise in growth hormone secretion was seen after injection of growth hormone releasing hormone, but the mean maximum growth hormone concentration was, however, only 25 mU/l. There was no correlation between the 24 hour secretion and growth hormone response to growth hormone releasing hormone, or the time since irradiation. These results confirm earlier work that suggested that girls who had received treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, that included cranial irradiation, have a comparative growth hormone insufficiency characterised by normal prepubertal growth and slow growth during puberty because of an inability to respond to the increased demands for growth hormone at that time.

Body Height↗
PubMed1989

Growth hormone secretory rates in children as estimated by deconvolution analysis of 24-h plasma concentration profiles.

The kinetics of growth-hormone (GH) distribution and elimination was estimated in five GH-deficient children who received 11 intravenous single injections of GH. The plasma disappearance data were analyzed in terms of a two-compartment model. The kinetic parameters obtained were then used in calculating the GH-secretory rate by a numerical deconvolution technique. A simple formula was derived for calculation of the cumulated secretion from the area under the concentration curve of 145 healthy children of various ages, heights, and stages of puberty. The estimated 24-h GH secretion increased with age, corresponding to a two- to fourfold increase during the adolescence period. The highest secretions were found in pubertal stages 3-4. In prepubertal children the heights correlated markedly with the secretion of GH (r = 0.83). Thus an indication of the range of the GH secretion in normal growing children is found, which is important to estimate substitution doses for treatment of GH-deficient children.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed1989

Effects of acute intravenous injection of two growth hormone-releasing hormones (GHRH 1-40 and 1-29) on serum growth hormone and other pituitary hormones in short children with pulsatile growth hormone secretion.

We administered two different growth hormone-releasing hormones (GHRH) to 20 short, prepubertal children who had spontaneous secretion of growth hormone (GH), assessed from 24-hour GH secretion profiles (72 sampling periods of 20 min). We compared one i.v. injection of 1 microgram/kg of GHRH 1-40 with that of GHRH 1-29 regarding serum concentrations of GH, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and IGF-I. The children were allocated to two groups without statistical randomization. Both groups were given both peptides, with at least 1 week in between. The first group started with GHRH 1-40, the other with GHRH 1-29. The peptides both induced an increased serum concentration of GH of the same magnitude: mean maximal peak of 89 +/- 12 mU/l after GHRH 1-40 and 94 +/- 10 mU/l after GHRH 1-29 (n.s.). The mean difference in maximum serum GH concentration in each child after injection was 52 +/- 9 mU/l, range 1-153 mU/l. GHRH 1-29 also induced a short-term, small increase in the concentrations of prolactin (p less than 0.05), luteinizing hormone (p less than 0.01) and follicle-stimulating hormone (p less than 0.05). We conclude that the shorter sequence GHRH 1-29, when given in a dose of 1 microgram/kg, gives a rise in serum concentration of GH similar to that after the native form GHRH 1-40.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Plasma growth hormone profile in acromegaly before and ten days after transsphenoidal surgery.

Profiles of plasma GH, plasma somatomedin-C and serum PRL concentrations as well as serum GH response to iv TRH were determined in 11 patients with acromegaly before and 10 days after surgery. Blood for profile determinations was drawn from a peripheral vein with a continuous withdrawal pump changing the recipient tube at 30-min intervals. Before surgery all patients had high plasma GH concentrations with irregular peaks and somatomedin-C concentrations were elevated. The response to TRH was abnormal in 8 patients. Three patients had slightly elevated PRL concentrations and one had high PRL concentration (6900 mU/l). Ten days after surgery GH concentrations were still high in 2 patients (greater than 5 mU/l), as were somatomedin-C concentrations (3.2 and 2.4 U/l, respectively). In 3 patients basal GH concentrations were less than 5 mU/l and somatomedin-C concentrations were normal, but there were no major peaks in plasma GH concentrations. In 2 patients major peaks in GH concentrations appeared after surgery, but basal GH concentrations were 1.9 and 0.95 mU/l, respectively. One patient with hyperprolactinemia still had slightly elevated PRL concentration (486 mU/l), but the response to TRH was normalized. Finally, in 4 patients, mean GH concentrations were markedly reduced, somatomedin-C concentrations normalized and apparently normal plasma GH profiles appeared with low or undetectable basal levels separating major peaks. The results indicate that in some patients with acromegaly apparently normal GH secretion can be demonstrated 10 days postoperatively. Characterization of circadian GH rhythms during the early postoperative stage may contribute to the evaluation of the effect of surgery.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1989

Growth hormone (GH) release after administration of GH-releasing hormone in relation to endogenous 24-h GH secretion in short children.

Endogenous GH secretion was measured every 20 min for 24 h in 36 short children. This was immediately followed by an i.v. injection of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)(1-29)-NH2 (1 microgram/kg), and GH was estimated every 15 min for the following 2 h. The aim was to determine whether endogenous pulsatile GH secretion had any relation to, or influence on, the GH release induced by GHRH. A high variability was found both in the 24-h GH secretion expressed as area under the curve above the baseline (0-1588 mU/l x 24 h) and the maximal GH response to GHRH (5-296 mU/l), as well as after an arginine-insulin tolerance test (4-59 mU/l). We found a positive correlation (correlation coefficient of Spearman (rs) = 0.49; P less than 0.01) between the GH response to GHRH and the spontaneous GH secretion over a 24-h period, in spite of a negative correlation (rs = -0.80; P less than 0.01) with the GH secretion during the preceding 3 h. We conclude that the GH response to a GHRH test correlates with endogenous GH secretion in short children, and may be helpful in estimating the ability to release GH. It is important, however, to be aware of the influence of the spontaneous GH secretion during the 3 h immediately preceding administration of GHRH.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Twenty-four-hour growth hormone profiles in pubertal girls with idiopathic scoliosis.

Spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion during a 24-hour period was analyzed in 16 girls with progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and in 26 healthy controls. All the girls were in puberty. Episodic secretion of GH both during the day and night was found in all girls. Both AIS girls and controls in pubertal stages 3 and 4 showed an increase of measured GH compared with girls in pubertal stage 2. Among the girls in pubertal stage 2, more GH was secreted in the AIS group than in the controls. It is concluded that it is only in early puberty (stage 2) that girls with AIS have a higher endogenous secretion of GH than normal girls, which implies an earlier growth spurt in scoliotic girls.

Adolescent↗