Biomedical subjects

K Akazawa

Publications and source records attributed to K Akazawa.

221 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

A personal computer network system for equitable allocation of cadaver organs.

We developed a personal computer network system for the equitable allocation of cadaveric organs. This network consists of a host computer (IBM PS55 model 5570 T) and various kinds of personal computers manufactured by many different computer makers in Japan. The merits of our personal computer network include lower cost and an easy access to the host computer from all the centres participating in this network while using their own favourite personal computers. Among the programs made for allocating cadaveric organs, we present in this paper the program for livers. This program was developed with a modified version of the logic developed by Starzl et al. The grade modification for the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) in the United States was used as the basis for classification of medical urgency. Our program weighed the factors of medical urgency, compatibility of blood group and waiting time. Distance factors were omitted because of the smaller area of the network compared to that of UNOS. This computer network would be linked to other computer networks in creating a national organ procurement and transplant network in Japan, in order to help them to catch up with other advanced transplant countries. Such an equal and objective computer system should allow organ transplantation to become more widely accepted.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Interactive statistical analysis system for clinical investigators.

We have developed an interactive statistical analysis system (ISAS-Q) with which clinical investigators with little experience in computers and programming can easily perform statistical analyses. ISAS-Q can perform most of the frequently used statistical methods, including multivariate analysis, in an interactive mode. Furthermore, ISAS-Q has self-consistent and extensive help functions.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prolonged survival in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.

We compared the survival between 46 patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and 1185 cases with sporadic colorectal cancer, who underwent a resection for the disease between 1972 and 1995. In a univariate analysis, the survival correlated well with stage, curability, size and the presence of HNPCC. Patients with HNPCC had a longer survival than those with sporadic colorectal cancer (P=0.0277). A multivariate analysis suggested that stage, curability, age, and HNPCC were the effective combination of factors predictive of survival. The above findings are thus expected to have a major influence on the evaluation of clinical trials in patients with colorectal cancer.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Different characteristics of carcinoma in the gastric remnant: histochemical and immunohistochemical studies.

Seventy cases of cancer of the gastric remnant were divided into three groups: 33 cases following surgery for benign disease (group A), and 15 cases occurring more than 10 years and 22 cases occurring within 10 years after the first gastrectomy for malignant disease (groups B and C, respectively). Then mucin histochemical and immunohistochemical studies were undertaken. Billroth-II procedure for anastomosis was most frequently performed in group A. Intestinal metaplasia within the mucosa surrounding the carcinomas was more frequently present in groups A and C with a diffuse distribution. Intestinal-type surrounding mucosa was significantly more frequent in group C. The immunohistochemical expression of p53 protein was most frequently expressed in group B. We conclude that a different mechanism of carcinogenesis exists in these three groups; i) group A: the reflux of duodenal juice especially following B-II procedures leads to progression of the carcinoma. ii) group B: some genetic factor such as p53 may be related to the metachronous multiple carcinogenesis. iii) group C: metachronous multiple carcinogenesis within the short interval may be closely associated with diffuse intestinal metaplasia in the surrounding mucosa.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Suppressive effect of sesamin against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene induced rat mammary carcinogenesis.

The effects of dietary supplementation of sesamin on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Experimental diets containing 0.2% sesamin (an equiweight mixture of sesamin and episesamin) or 0.2% alpha-tocopheryl acetate were given to rats starting 1 week before intragastric administration of DMBA (10 mg/rat). Sesamin significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced the cumulative number of palpable mammary cancers by 36% at 12 weeks post-DMBA administration compared with animals on a control diet. Alpha-tocopheryl acetate inhibited both the incidence and the cumulative number of mammary tumors by 20% and 45%, respectively. Concentrations of lipid peroxides in plasma, liver and tumors were all decreased in both sesamin and alpha-tocopheryl acetate groups. The activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) increased in rats fed sesamin (140 to 150% of the control and alpha-tocopheryl acetate groups). Fatty acid compositions of plasma, liver and tumor phosphatidylcholine showed a decreased tendency of the metabolism of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid and hence of the plasma concentration of prostaglandin E2 in the sesamin group. The inhibitory effect of sesamin on DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis may be ascribed, at least in part, to immunopotentiation and increased antioxidative activity.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗