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Biomedical subjects

K Akai

Publications and source records attributed to K Akai.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Isolation and characterization of a cDNA and a pseudogene for mouse lactate dehydrogenase-A isozyme.

A mouse lactate dehydrogenase-A cDNA was isolated and it was shown to contain the 393bp of the protein-coding sequence and 488bp of the 3' untranslated region. The amino acid sequence deduced from its open reading frame provided independent evidence for the sequence of residues 201-331 of mouse LDH-A subunit (muscle). This cDNA clone was used as a probe to isolate a mouse genomic clone containing a truncated, processed LDH-A pseudogene. This pseudogene showed 81.6% homology at 713 positions compared with the LDH-A cDNA sequence. The divergence of this pseudogene was estimated to have occurred 39 million years ago.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Identification of lactate dehydrogenase-X translated in vitro from mouse testicular poly A-containing mRNA.

1. The LDH-X polypeptide was specifically immunoprecipitated from the cell-free translation products of poly A-containing mRNA from mouse testes, and it represents 1-2% of the total proteins synethesized in vitro. 2. The in-vitro synthesized LDH-X polypeptide appears to have the same mol. wt of 36,000 as mouse authentic LDH-X and, thus, any presequence of LDH-X must be very short, if present at all. 3. The LDH-X was not found in the mouse liver mRNA translation products immunoprecipitated by anti-LDH-X antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Factors influencing the development of Moyamoya phenomenon.

Both the Moyamoya Phenomenon and occlusion of the internal carotid fork are essential radiological findings in true Moyamoya Disease of unknown aetiology. However, the Moyamoya Phenomenon is often observed in occlusive diseases of the internal carotid bifurcation of known aetiology. The authors recently observed acute development of the unilateral Moyamoya Phenomenon following severe vasospasm of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries due to rupture of an anterior communicating aneurysm. The following four factors have been suspected of contributing to development of the Moyamoya Phenomenon: 1. The chronology of arterial occlusion. 2. Extent and location of occlusion. 3. The cause of occlusion. 4. Anatomical and functional disposition of the basal circulation. As regards the chronology, chronic or slowly progressive arterial stenosis has been thought to be a mandatory factor in development of a Moyamoya network, which plays an important role in the form of collateral channels. However, based on the findings outlined in this paper, the congenital factor may be the most important of the four factors.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1981

[Monstrous cell in malignant gliomas--in relation to radiation and chemotherapy (author's transl)].

The pathological effects of irradiation and chemotherapy have been studied in 9 autopsy cases of malignant and low grade gliomas. The brains have been examined by means of the complete study technique. Many histological features have been related to surgery, grading of histological classification of gliomas, irradiation and chemotherapy. Following irradiation and chemotherapy, in addition to increased necrosis and vascular response, a variety of characteristics changes were observed in cell and nuclear morphology with prominent formation of monstrous cells in all of 5 malignant gliomas treated with nitrosourea. These monstrous cells had irregular and hyperchromatic multiple nuclei and showed cytoplasmic degeneration. These cells which had not direct relationship to vessels distributed both in the periphery of tumor or necrosis and in the white matter remote from the main tumor. These changes were more pronounced in autopsy than in biopsy. The features showed here indicate that the monstrous cells may appear due to the result of inhibition of tumor cell division at the late mitotic phase after irradiation and chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Intracranial ruptured aneurysm accompanying moyamoya phenomenon.

Three cases of moyamoya phenomenon associated with an aneurysm in the periphery of a lateral ventricle presenting with intracranial haemorrhage are reported. In case 1 the aneurysm was located in the right basal ganglia, and the patient improved under conservative management. The aneurysm had increased in size on the second angiogram, and disappeared on the third angiogram obtained nine months after the attack. In Case 2 the aneurysm was located in the peripheral portion of the left posterior cerebral artery, and was surgically excised. Pathological examination on surgical material revealed collagenous tissue and laminae only in part of the aneurysmal wall. In Case 3 the aneurysm was located in the peripheral portion of the right anterior choroidal artery. This patient died, and the autopsy revealed an angiomatous lesion in the choroid plexus of the right lateral ventricle, but the aneurysm itself could not be identified. These findings indicate that an aneurysm has formed in a portion of a weakened vascular group represented by an abnormally dilated collateral pathway, and that the most likely reason for this would be haemodynamic stress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

A neuropathological investigation of a case of tyrosinosis.

An autopsy case of tyrosinosis was reported. The patient was a 5-month-old boy who had jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly since 10 weeks after his birth. Tyrosine blood level was 6.937 mg/dl and the level of p-HPPA oxidase low. Neuropathologically, the cerebral lesions were characterized by a spongy state, vacuoles in neuronal cells and focal deposition of PAS-positive substance in and around the axon. The electron microscopic examination revealed axonal degeneration and unusual deep cortical structure, possibly axons, containing numerous lysosomes, elongated mitochondria and MCB-like bodies in unmyelinated axon. These facts were suggested to represent morphologic evidence of altered cellular metabolism, related to impaired tyrosine degradation.

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase↗
PubMed1980

A report on the pathology of type A botulism.

An autopsy case of type A botulism, a sacrifice during the first outbreak in Japan, was presented. The patient exhibited typical neuromuscular symptoms and died on the 8th day from the onset of illness. Type A Clostridium botulinum was demonstrated from the stools and the toxin from the blood serum during the course of disease. The infection source of botulinus bacilli, however, was not clarified. The autopsy diagnoses were made as follows; 1) type A botulism, 2) bronchopneumonia, 3) respirator brain, 4) congestion, 5) hemorrhage in vagal nerve, myocardium and endometrium, 6) gastric erosion, 7) cloudy swelling of kidneys, 8) enterocolitis, 9) focal necrosis of liver and adrenals, 10) demyelination of cranial nerves, and 11) focal hyaline degeneration of striated and smooth muscles and myocardium. The botulinus toxin was confirmed from the samples of cardiac blood or autopsy.

Botulinum Toxins↗
PubMed1979

Free amino acids in motor cortex of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Free amino acids were estimated quantitatively in the motor cortex from 3 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 11 control subjects. Among 7 amino acids which showed statistically significant changes, taurine was the only one which was increased constantly and most markedly in the motor cortex of all the 3 ALS cases. It was suggested that the metabolism of sulfur amino acids might be affected in comparatively early stages of ALS.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Widespread eczema vaccinatum acquired by contacts. A report of an autopsy case.

A 4-month-old male infant predisposed to allergic dermatitis acquired wide-spread eczema vaccinatum by contacts with a recently vaccinated sibling. He died of acute purulent peritonitis following a perforation of multiple duodenal ulcers. Fluorescence immunocytochemical and electron microscopic studies on the skin lesions revealed the presence of viral antigens and numerous virus particles compatible morphologically with those of the mature form from the same batch of smallpox vaccine given to the sibling. A large number of virus particles in the developmental form were also predominantly scattered in the cytoplasm of cells at the stratum malpighii of the epidermis as well as in neutrophils and macrophages in the skin lesions. The virus isolation from the skin lesions was done by using the HeLa cells and the human embryonic lung fibroblasts. No abnormal laboratory data were noted in immunoglobulins. On the basis of atrophy of the thymus and other lymphatic tissues and an appearance of large pyroninophilic cells in association with blastoid transformation, the authors discussed a possible participation of the disturbance of cellular immunity secondary to the virus infection in the development of the disease.

Antigens, Viral↗