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Biomedical subjects

K Aiba

Publications and source records attributed to K Aiba.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[A phase I study of carboplatin].

A phase I study of carboplatin was conducted using a single dose schedule. Escalating doses of 200, 300, 400 and 500mg/m2 were administered without hydration up to a total of 21 cycles in 18 patients with various solid tumors. A dose-limiting factor was thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia was also dose-related. A major clinical toxicity was gastrointestinal toxicity, while nephrotoxicity was extremely mild. The optimal dose for phase II trials was judged to be 300mg/m2 q 4w in poor-risk patients and 400mg/m2 q 4w in good-risk patients, respectively. Pharmacokinetics were studied in 11 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A case of ataxic diplegia, mental retardation, congenital nystagmus and abnormal auditory brain stem responses showing only waves I and II.

A three-year-old boy who had ataxic diplegia, mental retardation, horizontal pendular nystagmus with head nodding and abnormal auditory brain stem responses showing only waves I and II was presented. His clinical features coincided with recent reports in the Japanese literature of cases of a new syndrome that is congenital in origin and seen only in boys.

Auditory Pathways↗
PubMed1986

[Choice of second-line chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer based on the chemosensitivity assay by in vitro colony assay].

The efficacy of anticancer drugs and the development of drug resistance after chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer has been evaluated in vitro using the human tumor clonogenic assay (in vitro colony assay technique.) The rates of in vitro chemosensitivity to various anticancer drugs in untreated patients were similar or somewhat higher than the clinical efficacy reported for single clinical use of the drugs. The results of in vitro chemosensitivities to the drugs against previously treated patients showed decreased chemosensitivities to the drugs which had been used, especially adriamycin and mitomycin C. In contrast to this, in vitro chemosensitivities to 5-FU, methotrexate and L-PAM were unchanged after exposure to combination chemotherapy consisting of these drugs. This result suggests that the development of resistance to these drugs is minimal at the doses used in our protocol. The overall chemosensitivity rate for anthracyclines including adriamycin in vitro was only 5% (5/93) for previously treated patients, compared with 41% (35/83) for vinca alkaloids (p less than 0.005). This finding indicates that combination chemotherapy including vinca alkaloids is the appropriate selection for second line chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer patients who have been treated previously with adriamycin.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1985

The induction of peroxisome proliferation in rat liver by perfluorinated fatty acids, metabolically inert derivatives of fatty acids.

The induction of peroxisome proliferation in rat liver was examined after administration of perfluoro-n-decanoic acid (PFDA, C10), perfluoro-n-octanoic acid (PFOA, C8), perfluoro-n-butyric acid (PFBA, C4), 1-H,1-H-pentadecafluoro-n-octanol (PFOL, C8) perfluorododecane (PFD, C12), and perfluorooctane (PFO, C8). The peroxisome proliferation in the liver was detected by the following methods; 1) measurement of liver weight, 2) assay of hepatic catalase activity, 3) analysis of 600 X g supernatant of liver homogenates by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to observe the induction of the bifunctional enoyl-CoA hydratase in peroxisomes (80K-protein) and 4) observation by electron microscopy. The oral administration of powdered chow containing 0.02%-PFOA and PFBA to male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain for 2 weeks and the single intraperitoneal injection of corn oil mixed with PFDA, PFOA, and PFOL at the dose of 100 mg/kg induced peroxisome proliferation markedly. PFOL, which has two hydrogen atoms around the hydroxylated carbon, should be metabolized to PFOA, which is an active inducer. Perfluorinated paraffins, PFD and PFO, did not show any induction, indicating the importance of the carboxylic group in the molecule for the peroxisome proliferation. Although the participation of thyroid hormone cannot be excluded, PFOA appears to act directly on the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Human tumor clonogenic assay in human breast cancer].

The human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA) developed by Hamburger and Salmon was evaluated in 135 fresh samples of breast cancer. Successful tumor colony growth (greater than or equal to 5 colonies/plate) was obtained in 100 (74%) of the 135 samples, and adequate growth for drug testing (greater than or equal to 30 colonies/plate) in 75 (56%). With regard to the success rates of growing colonies categorized by specimen source, tumor sites, histology, prior chemotherapy and estrogen receptor (ER), specimens from solid tumors and primary tumors showed higher success rates than those from pleural effusions and metastatic tumors. The effects of prior chemotherapy, histology type and ER status on the success rate of colony formation were not significant. The overall median plating efficiency was 0.012%. Higher plating efficiencies were found in pleural effusion, metastatic tumors and samples from patients with prior chemotherapy. These findings appeared to indicate that aggressiveness of disease might be related to plating efficiency. Defining a greater than or equal to 50% inhibition of colony formation (ICF) as in vitro drug sensitivity, the in vitro response rates to anticancer drugs tested were as follows: adriamycin 33%, mitomycin C 39%, 5-fluorouracil 32%, methotrexate 42%, L-PAM 31%, cisplatin 38%, vincristine 32%, vinblastine 54%. The group of patients without prior chemotherapy showed higher sensitivity in vitro compared with the group of patients who had prior chemotherapy (38% vs. 27%). Correlation between in vitro drug sensitivity (greater than or equal to 70% ICF) and clinical response in 12 patients treated with the same drugs were analyzed retrospectively. The predictive accuracy was 0% (0/1) for true positive and 91% (10/11) for resistance. Thus, overall predictive accuracy was 83%. Based on these results, HTCA appeared to be useful chemosensitivity test for evaluation of antitumor drugs for human cancers in vitro and prediction of the chemotherapeutic effect in clinical use.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1984

[A combination chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, etoposide and cyclophosphamide (VEC) for small cell carcinoma of the lung].

Twenty-nine patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with a combination therapy consisting of vincristine 1 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, etoposide 200 mg/body p.o day 1-5 and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 (VEC) in 3 week interval. After 2 courses of VEC, four out of 10 patients with limited disease (LD) showed a complete response (CR), while 7 out of 19 patients with extensive disease (ED) obtained a CR. Six patients with LD and 6 patients with ED received subsequent radiotherapy to primary tumors and to regional lymph nodes, and 5 with LD and 3 with ED attained a CR. Overall complete response was observed in 9 patients (90%) in LD and 10 patients (53%) in ED. The median duration of survival was 17 months in complete responders with LD and that was 12 months in those with ED. Dose limiting toxicity of the VEC regimen was leukopenia which occurred in most patients and thrombocytopenia was less frequent. Non-hematologic toxicities containing alopecia, numbness, nausea and others were acceptable and well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Adjuvant chemotherapy for extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

From 1976 to 1982, twenty-four cases with early stages (stage IE: 18, Stage IIE: 6) of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were treated with combined modality of local treatment (radiation or operation) and an adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, cyclophosphamide and prednisolone. Eighty-three percent of patients were diffuse histiocytic type. The most common sites of primary origin were in stomach; 13 patients and 7 patients in nasal or paranasal cavity. The disease-free survival rates at 5 years were 74% for stage IE and 80% for stage IIE, respectively. The result has suggested that adjuvant chemotherapy is a useful modality for extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Combined modality for recurrent and disseminated ovarian cancer--CAPF combination chemotherapy and second-look operation].

Twenty-seven patients with advanced ovarian cancer were treated with CAPF therapy consisting of CPA, ADM, CPDD, and 5-FU. Twenty patients were evaluable for responses. Fourteen patients (70%) had a complete (6 patients) or partial response (8 patients). The median survival time for responders was 12.0+ months and 4.0 for non-responders. Leukopenia and renal toxicity were dose limiting factors. A second-look operation was performed in 12 patients who had favorable results from CAPF. A combined modality with CAPF and second-look operation seemed to be promising.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma with central nervous involvement--report of 7 cases].

We encountered 7 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas involving the central nervous system (CNS) among 78 cases of lymphomas seen at the 3rd Dept. of Internal Med. between 1965 and 1980; 5 cases were diffuse histiocytic lymphomas (DH) and 2 were diffuse poorly differentiated lymphomas (DPDL). The age ranged from 27 to 66 years, there were 6 males and 1 female. In 4 cases, CNS involvement was the presenting symptom at the time of diagnosis of lymphoma. The diagnostic procedures in CNS lymphoma included complete neurological physical examination by a neurologist, spinal fluid cytology, surface marker study on lymphocytes of spinal fluid, if possible, computed tomography scan, and myelogram if spinal cord compression was suspected. The prognosis of patients with CNS involvement by lymphoma was poor even if early diagnosis was made. The conventional therapy for CNS lymphoma included cranial irradiation, systemic chemotherapy, and intrathecal instillation of methotrexate and/or cytosine arabinoside, or a combined modality; however, these treatments were only effective temporarily.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Arterial infusion of combination chemotherapy using adriamycin and mitomycin C for hepatoma and metastatic tumors of the liver].

Forty patients with hepatoma and metastatic tumors of liver were treated with rapid arterial infusion administered simultaneously using 30-40 mg of adriamycin and 10-20 mg of mitomycin C into the hepatic artery by Seldinger catheter. They were 16 patients with breast cancer, 21 with gastrointestinal tumors including hepatoma; 6, gastric cancer; 5, colon cancer; 7, gallbladder cancer; 2, pancreas cancer; 1, and three with other malignancies, respectively. Partial responses were obtained in 14 of 40 patients (35%). The response rate in patients with breast cancer was 44% (7/16), while it was 29% (6/21) with gastrointestinal tumors. The median duration of response was relatively short, being 3.5 months in the former patients and 2.3 months in the latter patients. The median duration of survival was 4.0+ months. The results indicate that this arterial infusion therapy is one of the useful treatments in the management of malignant tumors of the liver. Leukopenia less than 4 x 10(3)/cmm was seen in 63%, while thrombocytopenia less than 100 x 10(3)/cmm in 38%, and decreased hemoglobin value of more than 2 g/dl in 13%, which were quite tolerable. Gastrointestinal symptoms and hair loss were milder than those from systemic chemotherapy. Renal toxicity was seen in three patients, and two patients died of renal failure, thus the renal toxicity, which may be related to contrast media as well as anticancer agents, should be carefully prevented by proper hydration.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Colony formation of solid tumors in in vitro colony assay (human tumor stem cell assay)].

Colony forming ability of solid tumor cells was studied in a tumor colony assay (human tumor stem cell assay). In 50 cases of solid tumors, cloning efficiencies of 5 X 10(5) cells plated were as follows: breast cancer 12/12 (100%), colon cancer 10/11 (91%), ovarian cancer 9/9 (100%), sarcomas 7/9 (78%), gastric cancer 3/6 (50%), endometrial cancer 2/2 and pancreatic cancer 1/1. An overall cloning efficiency was 88% (44/50) and this rate is higher than those reported in literatures. Ovarian cancer showed the highest plating efficiency of 0.07% (number of colonies/number of cells plated X 100%) in various solid tumors tested. Subsequently, plating efficiencies of colon and breast cancer were 0.03 and 0.01%, respectively. In the cases of sarcomas and gastric cancer, low plating efficiencies were seen (0.008%, 0.003%). The overall rate succeeded colony growth of solid tumors was somewhat higher in enzymatically treated tumor cells, that is, cloning efficiencies in mechanical and enzymatic methods were 85 and 90%, respectively. The enzymatic disaggregation is an advantageous method in gastric cancer and sarcomas. Various solid tumors can be formed colonies in soft agar and chemosensitivity test using in vitro colony assay is expected in solid tumors.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

[Combination chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, procarbazine, and prednisolone].

Nineteen patients with stages II B-IV of Hodgkin's disease were treated with a combination of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, procarbazine, and prednisolone (CVPP regimen), given in a 3 week intervals for 3 months. Eighteen patients were available for responses. A complete remission (CR) was obtained in 9 (50%) out of 18 patients. The median duration of CR and relapse-free survival were 7 months and 26+ months, respectively. Hematologic toxicity was mild, although occasionally cumulative for aged patients and for previously treated patients. Other toxicities such as alopecia and neurotoxicity were troublesome but reversible. Thus, a further study by modification of the regimen warranted to improve the response rate and relapse-free survival.

Adult↗