Cystic schwannoma--a case report.
Cystic change in Schwannoma is uncommon with very few cases reported in literature till date. We present a case clinically mimicking a soft tissue sarcoma but diagnosed on histopathology as cystic schwannoma.
Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
K Agarwal
Publications and source records attributed to K Agarwal.
Neuroglial cyst: a rare occurence in abdomen and pelvis.
We hereby report a case of a child who presented with abdominal distension and urinary retention. Radiological investigations and exploratory laparotomy revealed a cystic mass in the sacral region pushing the urinary bladder anteriorly and upwards. Histopathological examination revealed neuroglial elements. Neuroglial cysts are uncommon outside the central nervous system and this is the first report of its occurrence in abdomen and pelvis.
Abdomen↗
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis.
Genetic susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis is indicated by a preponderance of female subjects and strong associations with human leukocyte antigens (HLA) DRB1*0301 and DRB1*0401. The gene encoding cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) on chromosome 2q33 may also influence autoimmunity. To determine the frequency and significance of the exon 1 adenine (A)-guanine (G) base-exchange polymorphism for CTLA-4 in patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis, 155 northern European Caucasoid patients and 102 ethnically-matched control subjects were tested by polymerase chain reaction. The genotype distribution was significantly different in patients compared to controls (AA = 50/155 patients vs. 51/102 controls; AG = 84/155 patients vs. 38/102 controls; GG = 21/155 patients vs. 13/102 controls, chi(2) = 8.94, P =.011). This difference was caused by a significant over-representation of the G allele in patients compared to controls (105/155 patients vs. 51/102 controls, chi(2) = 8.34, P =.004, odds ratio = 2.12). The GG genotype was associated with a significantly higher mean serum aspartate transaminase level (P =. 03), greater frequency of antibodies to thyroid microsomal antigens (P =.004) and was found more commonly in patients with HLA DRB1*0301 (P =.02). Treatment outcomes, however, were not affected by the genotype. The CTLA-4 G allele is more common in patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis and may represent a second susceptibility allele. Furthermore, there may be synergy between the HLA-DRB1*0301 and the GG genotype in terms of disease risk.
Abatacept↗
CTLA-4 gene polymorphism confers susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune cholestatic liver disease thought to develop through a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. It is characterised by T-cell-mediated non-suppurative destructive cholangitis. We have studied the polymorphic cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene, which encodes a molecule that is a vital negative regulator of T-cell activation, as a candidate susceptibility locus for PBC. This gene on chromosome 2q33 (designated IDDM12) is associated with susceptibility to both type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease. METHODS: The CTLA-4 exon 1 polymorphism (A/G encoding for threonine or alanine, respectively) was genotyped via polymerase chain reaction in 200 Caucasoid PBC patients and 200 non-related geographically matched Caucasoid controls. RESULTS: There was significant overrepresentation of the G/A and G/G genotypes in PBC patients compared to controls (G/A 53% vs 40%; G/G 18.5% vs 10.5%, Odds Ratio (OR)=2.45 [95% CI 1.6-3.7], p=0.00006, chi2=19.4). Likewise, there was a significant difference in allele frequencies (G encoding alanine at codon 17, PBC 0.45 vs controls 0.305: OR=1.9 [1.4-2.5], p<0.0002). This association remained significant (p=0.00027) when patients with autoimmune thyroid disease were excluded from the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The CTLA-4 exon 1 polymorphism is the first non-major histocompatibility complex gene to be identified as a susceptibility locus for PBC. Our data support the hypothesis that clinically distinct autoimmune disease may be controlled by a common set of susceptibility genes.
Abatacept↗
The versatile August Bier (1861-1949), father of spinal anesthesia.
"A professor is a gentleman with a different point of view." This characteristic and sarcastic statement was often recited by August Bier (1861-1949) and can also be aptly applied to him. As the father of spinal and intravenous regional neural blockade, Bier had a tremendous impact on surgery and anesthesia. It took him only two years to become a senior lecturer in surgery (so-called "Habilitation") under the guidance of Friedrich von Esmarch. In 1899, he was appointed chairman of the Department of Surgery at the University of Greifswald. From there, he moved to the University of Bonn in 1903 and then succeeded Ernst von Bergmann in Berlin in 1907. Bier's interest in the philosophical theories of Hippocrates and Heraclitus had a significant influence on his outlook on medical practice. His surgical colleagues disapproved of this and his interest in homeopathy. On the other hand, he earned much respect as the co-author of a surgical textbook, i.e., Chirurgische Operationslehre (Operative Surgery). He had a remarkable breadth of nonmedical interests, including philosophy and forestry, and the ideas he expressed are viable even today. His publications on philosophical subjects are as up to date as his concepts in forestry. In 1932, Bier finally decided to retire, although by then he was no longer operating. From that time on, he lived out his days at his estate in Sauen, and he died in 1949 at the age of 88. In this paper we describe some previously unknown aspects of Bier's work in both surgery and research; anesthesiologists and their patients are the beneficiaries of two other of his inventions, namely, spinal and IV local anesthesia. Unfortunately, it is not possible to acknowledge all the innovations of this ingenious surgeon, who truly deserved the description "A professor is a gentleman with a different point of view."
Anesthesia, Spinal↗
Lipoleiomyoma of broad ligament: a case report.
Lipoleiomyoma is a very uncommon tumor, and broad ligament of uterus is one of the rare sites. No case has been reported in last five years. This case is presented because of its rarity and its uncommon site of occurrence.
Adult↗
Leiomyosarcoma of the mesocolon--a case report.
Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas including those arising from the mesentery are rare. These account for 5.8% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Most of these tumors present in late life with female preponderance. Diagnosing these tumors at an early stage is difficult due to their location. Hence, most of them attain large sizes with metastases to distant sites at the time of diagnosis. We report a case of leiomyosarcoma arising from the sigmoid mesocolon due to it's rarity and unusual clinical presentation.
Adult↗
Treatment of hepatitis C infection. Review underplayed important public health issues.
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Antiviral Agents↗
Terbinafine and fulminant hepatic failure.
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Antifungal Agents↗
Genetic susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis.
Family studies suggest that genetic factors play a role in determining susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). A number of polymorphic genes with small and additive effects may thus encode factors predisposing to this 'polygenic' disease. All the published data on genetic predisposition to PBC have been obtained from association studies, based on comparison of the frequency of an allele in unrelated affected and unaffected individuals from a population; however, many studies have examined only small datasets. There is evidence from several different populations to support a role for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen, HLA DR8, in increased risk of PBC. Other 'candidate' genes, selected on the basis of postulated mechanisms of breakdown of self-tolerance, are now beginning to be tested in association studies, including cytokines and immunomodulatory molecules. These studies and other approaches to identifying genes that confer susceptibility to an autoimmune disorder, exemplified by PBC, are discussed.
Autoimmune Diseases↗
Detection of germ cell genotoxic potential of carbon disulphide using sperm head shape abnormality test.
1. Adult male albino rats (CF Strain) were administered i.p. CS2 dissolved in cotton seed oil at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b. wt. for a period of 60 days. Effect of CS2 on epididymis, adrenal weight, sperm count and sperm head shape abnormality was studied. 2. Epididymal weight remained unaltered in 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg CS2 treated groups, whereas in highest dose of CS2 treated (200 mg/kg) group a non-significant reduction in epididymis weight was observed. A slight increase in adrenal weight was observed in lower doses groups (25 and 50 mg/kg) while a considerable decrease in adrenal weight was noted in highest dose (200 mg/kg) of CS2 treated group in the present study. 3. An increase in sperm head shape abnormality and decrease in sperm count was observed in all the CS2 treated groups. However, the changes were statistically significant only after higher dose of CS2 treatment as compared to control. 4. This study suggests that CS2 may have the potential to induce adverse effects on male reproductive system of rats. Sperm head shape abnormality assay used in this study also elicits germ cell genotoxic potential of carbon disulphide.
Adrenal Glands↗
FNAC as a diagnostic tool in pediatric head and neck lesions.
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Biopsy, Needle↗
Coat's disease: an uncommon lesion of eye--a case report.
Coat's Disease, first reported in 1908, is a rare disease which is usually seen in young males presenting with complaints of unilateral vision loss. Microscopically, retinal telangiectasis and exudative retinal detachment is seen. Attempts should be made for differentiating and early detection of this disease to avoid enucleation of eye ball. Here we discuss a case report of a child manifesting as coat's disease in which a clinical diagnosis of Retinoblastoma was given and eye was enucleated.
Child↗
Preferential interaction of the mRNA proofreading factor TFIIS zinc ribbon with rU.dA base pairs correlates with its function.
The transcriptional factor TFIIS helps overcome elongation barriers and enhances proofreading by RNA polymerase II. These TFIIS functions may be modulated by the TFIIS zinc ribbon domain through interactions with nucleic acids in the elongation complex. Within this zinc ribbon domain, the dipeptide sequences Asp261-Glu262 and Arg276-Trp277 have been shown to be critical for its function by mutant analysis. The sequence Asp261-Glu262 has been suggested to participate in metal binding within the RNA polymerase II active site. We now show that the sequence Arg276-Trp277 interacts with nucleic acids through a combination of electrostatic and stacking interactions. The interaction of the indole side chain of the tryptophan residue with nucleic acid bases is demonstrated by a characteristic and reversible decrease in the zinc ribbon fluorescence intensity as a function of oligonucleotide concentration. These interactions are salt sensitive (maximum interaction at 200 mM and no interaction at 500 mM NaCl), suggesting that the tryptophan stacking with nucleic acid base accompanies electrostatic contacts. The oligonucleotide-zinc ribbon interactions exhibit small but significant base preferences, as shown by the dependence of Keq on base composition, with decreasing Keq in the order U > T > A > C >> G. Within the variety of homopolymeric single- and double-stranded deoxy- and ribooligonucleotides, the oligonucleotide rU12-18.dA20 exhibited a 2-6-fold binding preference relative to other oligonucleotides. This preferential binding of the zinc ribbon to sequences composed of rU.dA base pairs, which are generally associated with elongation blocks, may help in overcoming elongation barriers. Since the mRNA proofreading and enhancement of elongation involve cleavage of ribonucleotide of the mismatched pair and the weakly paired rU.dA nucleotides, but not the stably paired rC.dG nucleotides, we propose that the Arg276-Trp277 sequence in the TFIIS zinc ribbon may serve as a scanner connected to the transcript cleavage apparatus for weakly paired or mismatched nucleotides by employing indole ring stacking with the bases as a criterion of determining their subsequent removal. The striking similarity in preference for mismatched and weakly paired nucleotides for binding and for excision suggests a functional relationship between binding and cleavage reactions.
Arginine↗
Lipoleiomyoma of uterus--an uncommon lesion.
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Adult↗
Interplay of matrices in cartilage synovial fluid combine under moderate & high loadings.
Interplay of the constituents of the articular cartilage synovial fluid combine and its role was examined through the biochemical and rheological studies on bovine joints. The results showed an inverse relationship between the changes in the hyaluronic acid of synovial fluid and the proteoglycans content in articular cartilage together with alterations in the rheological properties of synovial fluid. The study indicated that the inter-movement of fluid solutes across the cartilage and synovial fluid may have an important role in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis.
Animals↗
Correlation of coagulation abnormalities with clinical outcome in neonates of mothers with pregnancy induced hypertension.
Abnormalities in coagulation profile were correlated with clinical outcome in neonates (n = 30) of mothers with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Same number of neonates born to normotensive mothers was taken as control. Significant correlation was observed between decreasing gestational age and alterations in all coagulation parameters. Higher incidence of prematurity, hyperbilirubinaemia and significant prolongation in partial thromboplastin time with kaolin (PTTK) and thrombin time (TT) values were observed with increasing severity of PIH. Incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was higher in preterm neonates than in term neonates.
Adolescent↗