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Biomedical subjects

K Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to K Adachi.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Secondary antibody response to Haemophilus somnus antigen in breeding Japanese black cattle fed selenium-deficient and alpha-tocopherol-fortified diets.

The cattle with adequate alpha-tocopherol (Vit E) and marginally deficient selenium (Se) status manifested significantly lower anti-Haemophilus somnus antibody titer than the cattle supplemented with Se in the later stage of an 8-week trial. However, in the early stage no difference was observed in magnitude of anti-H. somnus antibody development between them. These results suggested that Se may contribute to anti-H. somnus antibody production, and that Vit E can make up for Se deficiency to a certain degree.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Cerebral aneurysm associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1--case report.

Cerebral aneurysm associated with pituitary adenoma and other endocrine dysfunctions occurred in a 45-year-old female suffering from multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1 (Wermer's syndrome). She died of subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to rupture of the aneurysm. Pituitary adenoma and/or other endocrine dysfunctions associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1 may be a factor in the aneurysm formation.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

Fourier analysis of shape changes in the Japanese skull: occipital view.

Photographs (norma occipitalis) of Japanese adult skulls (n = 171) were mathematically described with Fourier analysis to assess shape changes over time. The materials used were adult male skulls excavated from the Kanto District and covered four age-periods; Jomon (2000-1000 BC). Kamakura (14C. AD), Muromachi (15C. AD). and Edo (18C. AD). Mean raw data values, containing both size and shape information of each vector, were compared for the four age-periods. Statistically significant differences among the four age-periods were found using an ANOVA. The form of the Jomon skulls displayed the most difference among the four groups. This trend was especially evident at the parietal margin. Fourier analysis was subsequently undertaken to detect the presence of secular changes in skull form after standardization for size. Once the effect of size was removed, the occipital shape of the Jomon skulls was found to be essentially similar to those of the more recent age-periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of the intramembrane particle count in biopsied myocardium from patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy.

To clarify the abnormalities of myocardial membrane structure in cardiomyopathy, the density of intramembranous particles (IMP) of mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma, and the number of caveolar necks was evaluated by freeze-fracture morphology. The subjects consisted of 17 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 6 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and 7 patients as controls. The results showed that the numbers of IMPs on the membrane faces of mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma were significantly decreased in HCM and DCM, and that they were decreased more markedly in DCM than in HCM. The number of caveolar necks was significantly decreased in DCM. Thus, the decreased numbers of IMPs on myocardial membranes and the decrease in caveolar necks may be important characteristics resulting from abnormal myocardial membrane metabolism in cardiomyopathies, HCM and DCM.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Hb Shelby [beta 131(H9)Gln-->Lys] in association with Hb S [beta 6(A3)Glu-->Val]: characterization, stability, and effects on Hb S polymerization.

When first tested for abnormal hemoglobins, a 2-year-old boy, appeared to have Hb F, Hb S and Hb A2. Confirmatory testing revealed a beta chain variant inherited from his father and beta S from his mother. Analysis of tryptic peptides in conjunction with automated DNA sequence analysis showed that the variant hemoglobin was Hb Shelby [beta 131(H9)Gln-->Lys (CAG-->AAG)]. Heat and mechanical stabilities of various liganded Hb Shelby tetramers were compared to those of Hb A and Hb S. Oxy-Hb Shelby precipitated more readily than oxy-Hb A, but was much more stable than oxy-Hb S during mechanical agitation. In contrast, oxy-Hb Shelby was much less stable than oxy-Hb A and oxy-Hb S following heat treatment. Met-Hb Shelby was most unstable compared to other liganded forms of Hb Shelby, while deoxy- and carbonmonoxy-forms of Hb Shelby showed similar heat-induced precipitation rates. These data indicate that heat instability of Hb Shelby is accompanied by heme oxidation, and that denaturation by mechanical agitation occurs in the absence of heme oxidation. Hb Shelby, like Hb A, can form hybrids with Hb S which participate in polymer formation in vitro. However, Hb S/Hb Shelby hybrids copolymerized with Hb S less than A/S hybrids. Since the patient's MCHC value is normal, this finding coupled with the elevated Hb A2 and Hb F levels, both of which are known to inhibit polymerization of Hb S, may contribute to the patient's mild clinical presentation.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical analysis in 2266 cases of transurethral resection of the prostate].

During the past 20 years from August 1971 to July 1991, 3215 cases of transurethral resection were performed at Kitasato University Hospital, and consisted of 2008 benign prostatic hyperplasias, 692 bladder tumors, 258 prostate cancers, 167 bladder neck contractures, 38 urethral strictures, 20 chronic prostatities and 32 various urologic diseases. On 2266 transurethral resections of the prostate including 2008 benign prostatic hyperplasias, and 258 prostate cancers analysis was conducted. Patient age ranged from 44 to 97 (mean, 70.1). Resected tissue varied from 1 to 177 (mean, 26.9) grams. The time required for resection was from 9 to 245 (mean, 73.0) minutes. The volume of irrigation fluid was from 4 to 92 (mean, 25.0) liters. The duration of catheter placement after operation was 3 to 44 (mean, 4.1) days and hospitalization, 10 to 81 (mean, 12.1) days. The number of complications and blood transfusions were 308 (13.6%) and 381 (16.8%) respectively. Resected amount of tissue, volume of irrigation fluid, duration of catheter placement and frequency of complication in the benign prostatic hyperplasia group exceeded those in prostate cancer group. The length of hospitalization and blood transfusion rates were higher in the prostate cancer group. The rate or frequency of each item increased with the operating time and amount of resected tissue. Today, 60 minutes of operating time as a limiting factor of transurethral resection is not considered a important factor. Based on the results of the 2266 TURP cases, an attempt will be made to establish safer methods of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Pre-operative, operative and postoperative complications in 2266 cases of transurethral resection of the prostate].

Pre-operative and operative complications in 2266 patients having undergone transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) for the past 20 years at Kitasato University Hospital were analyzed. They consisted of 2008 benign prostatic hyperplasia and 258 prostate cancer patients. Seven hundred and fifty four patients showed some of physical disorders prior to TUR:hypertension in 147 cases, diabetes mallitus in 87, ischemic heart disease in 46, chronic obstructive lung disease in 41 and others. Operative and postoperative complications of TURP were seen in 308 cases (13.6%). Perforation of the prostatic capsule was seen in 100 cases (4.4%) and bladder perforation into intraperitoneal cavity in 6 cases (0.3%). Transurethral fulgulation for postoperative hemorrhage was conducted on 79 cases (3.5%). Hyponatremia lower than 130 mEq/L was noted in 14 cases (0.6%). Severe urinary tract infection leading to bacteremia was observed in 9 cases (0.4%). Postoperative epididymitis was evident in 20 cases (0.8%). There was postoperative urinary incontinence in 19 cases, 3 of which was treated with Teflon-paste injection successfully. One patient had to undergo AMS-800 artificial sphincter implantation. The number of postoperative urethral stricture patients requiring urethral dilatation or internal urethrotomy was 12 (0.5%) and postoperative bladder neck contracture was seen in 20 cases (0.9%). One patient (0.04%) who developed DIC after profuse postoperative hemorrhage died on the 37th postoperative day. The efficiency of TURP depends not so much on the skill of cutting as on the speed and accuracy of orientation and haemostasis. The quick recognition of anatomical landmarks will assure effective and safe resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Novel antimycin antibiotics, urauchimycins A and B, produced by marine actinomycete.

Two novel antimycin antibiotics, urauchimycins A and B, were isolated from a fermentation broth of a Streptomyces sp. Ni-80. The strain was isolated from an unidentified sponge. Their chemical structures were determined by 2D NMR analysis. They are the first antimycin antibiotics which possess a branched side chain moiety. They exhibited inhibitory activity against morphological differentiation of Candida albicans.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Prophylactic combination therapy after TUR of superficial bladder cancer].

We evaluated 63 patients with superficial bladder cancer (pTa, pTl) who were treated with instillation of bleomycin +/- bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and administration of uraciltfutraful (UFT) for prophylaxis of tumor recurrence after transurethral resection (TUR). The patients were randomly assigned to groups A and B after transurethral resection by the closed envelope method. Group A (34 cases) was designed as continuous diluted intravesical instillation of bleomycin (120 mg/2,000 ml saline solution/day repeated for 3 days), instillation BCG (40 mg/40 ml saline solution/weekly 6 times) and UFT (400 mg orally/day for 2 years maximum). Group B (29 cases) was designed as the aforementioned minus BCG instillation. Cumulative non-recurrence rates in group A and group B were 80.1% and 72.1% at the time of three years, which revealed no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.265, generalized Wilcoxon test). The high recurrent incidence of superficial bladder cancer is primarily due to the multifocal nature of the cancer or implantation of tumor cells at the time of the subsequent transurethral resection. The procedure was performed safely with no severe side effects. Our method might be useful to reduce the recurrences of superficial bladder cancer after transurethral resection of bladder (TUR).

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1993

[Fibronectin in the chorioretinal wound after laser photocoagulation].

Fibronectin (Fn) is a glycoprotein which mediates adhesion, extension, migration, and chemotaxis of the cells. We did a histochemical study of the time course of appearance and distribution of Fn in the chorioretinal wound after laser photocoagulation. In the normal chorioretinal tissue, Fn was detected in the internal limiting membrane, Bruch's membrane, and the endothelium of chorioretinal vessels. Shortly after laser photocoagulation, Fn appeared on Bruch's membrane and in the endothelium of choroidal vessels and choroidal stroma, and was prominent by one week after laser photocoagulation. Although Fn disappeared when wound healing was accomplished, it was still detected on Bruch's membrane one month after laser photocoagulation. These findings suggest that Fn is related to chorioretinal wound healing after laser photocoagulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Kidney-conservative surgery followed by bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation therapy for transitional cell carcinoma of solitary renal pelvis: a case report].

We report a case (62-year-old male) of transitional cell carcinoma (grade 2) of solitary right renal pelvis which was successfully treated with tumor excision followed by bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation therapy. He had a past history of left radical nephroureterectomy for renal pelvic tumor 11 years earlier. Kidney-preserved surgery with BCG instillation therapy is expected to be an alternative for radical forms of therapy, especially in the patients with a solitary kidney.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1993

Growth and invasion of human melanomas in human skin grafted to immunodeficient mice.

An orthotopic model of human melanoma was developed in which malignant cells were injected into human skin grafted to nude and SCID mice. Melanoma cells proliferated and invaded the human skin grafts with characteristic patterns. Three of six melanomas grew as multiple nodules and infiltered the grafts without major architectural changes in the dermis, whereas the others invaded the dermis along collagen fibers with prominent endothelial vessels. By contrast, melanoma cells inoculated into mouse skin grew as diffusely expanding nodules that did not invade the murine dermis. In human skin grafts, human melanoma cells were angiogenic for human blood vessels, and murine vessels were only found at the periphery of grafts. Tumor cells invaded the human vessels, and four out of seven cell lines metastasized to lungs, suggesting that this model is useful to determine in vivo the interactions between normal and malignant human cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates growth progression of the G1-phase fraction and induces monocytic differentiation of the G2/M-phase fraction in human myeloid leukemia cells.

The human myeloid leukemia cell line (NKM-1) proliferates in response to exogenous macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in serum-free medium. This CSF alone, however, does not induce any feature of cell differentiation in NKM-1 cells. We showed that terminal monocytic differentiation is partially observed only when NKM-1 cells are sequentially treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and M-CSF, as evaluated by cell morphology, analysis of surface antigens, and phagocytic function. To determine whether there might be an association between the actions of M-CSF and special phases of the cell cycle, we separated D3-treated cells into cycle-specific fractions by centrifugal elutriation. G1-enriched cells were mostly stimulated for growth progression with M-CSF. On the other hand, G2/M-enriched cells were significantly induced into monocytic differentiation. The cell percentage in the G2/M phase has clearly correlated with that of terminally differentiated cells by M-CSF. These results suggest that two distinct actions of M-CSF to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation could work on different phases of the cell cycle: cell growth in the G1 phase and cell differentiation in the G2/M phase.

Calcitriol↗
PubMed1993

[A study of myocardial disorders in an autopsy case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy].

We report an autopsy case of a 19 year-old man with MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) a subgroup of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy presenting cardiomyopathy. He had repeatedly suffered from transient unconsciousness, hemiplegia, hemianopsia and convulsion attacks since the age of 9, and he died of severe congestive heart failure. In laboratory findings, blood lactate and pyruvate were markedly increased. Skeletal muscle biopsy demonstrated numerously scattered ragged-red fibers with modified Gomori's trichrome staining. Enzymatic activities of the mitochondrial respiratory chain showed a marked decrease of NADH cytochrome c reductase (complex I). In postmortem examination, the heart was 310g in weight and had right ventricular dilatation. Microscopically, degenerated and scattered myocardial cells (ragged-red fibers), interstitial edema and microvascular hyperplasia were demonstrated in the myocardium. Under the electron microscope, abnormal mitochondria proliferated and myofibrils were unusually sparse. Immunohistochemical studies with specific antibodies against the mitochondrial electron transfer enzyme subunits revealed a reduction of immunoreactive materials for complex I in the myocardium. These results suggested the relationship of myocardial disorders and decreased activity of complex I in electron transfer enzymes in this patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Synthesis of the methyl thioglycosides of deoxy-N-acetyl-neuraminic acids for use as glycosyl donors.

Methyl 2-thioglycoside derivatives of 4-, 7-, 8-, and 9-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acids have been prepared as glycosyl donors for the synthesis of sialoglycoconjates. Reduction of a (phenoxy)thiocarbonyl group, selectively introduced at the 4 position of methyl [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-8,9-O-isopropylidene-D- glycero-alpha-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosid]onate (1), gave the 4-deoxy compound, which was transformed via O-deisopropylidenation, acetylation, selective removal of the 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl group, subsequent acetylation, and displacement of the 2-acetoxy group by a methylthio group, into methyl (methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-O-acetyl-3,4,5-trideoxy-2-thio-D-manno-2- nonulopyranosid)onate (17). Methyl [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 5-acetamido-8,9-di-O-acetyl-4-O-benzoyl- 3,5,7-trideoxy-alpha-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosid]onate, prepared from 1 in five steps, and methyl [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 5-acetamido-4,7,9-tri-O-acetyl-3,5,8-trideoxy-alpha-D-galacto-2- nonulopyranosid]onate, prepared from 1 in six steps, were converted via selective removal of the 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl group, O-acetylation, and displacement of the 2-acetoxy group by a methylthio group as described for 17, into the corresponding methyl 7- and 8-deoxy-2-thioglycosides. Reductive dechlorination of methyl [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 5-acetamido-4,7-di-O-benzoyl-9-chloro-3,5,9-trideoxy-D-glycero-alpha-D-g alacto- 2-nonulopyranosid]onate, prepared from methyl [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-alpha-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosid++ +]onate by selective 9-O-tert-butyldimethylsilylation, benzoylation, removal of the 9-silyl group, and selective chlorination, gave a 9-deoxy compound. This was transformed, via O-debenzoylation, O-acetylation, selective removal of the 2(trimethylsilyl)ethyl group, 2-O-acetylation, 2-chlorination, displacement with potassium thioacetate, selective S-deacetylation, and S-methylation, into the methyl 2-thio-alpha-glycoside of 9-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1992

Synthesis of a series of ganglioside GM3 analogs containing a deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid residue.

Ganglioside GM3 analogs containing 4-, 7-, 8-, and 9-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acids in the place of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) have been synthesized. Glycosylation of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl O-(6-O-benzoyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1----4)-2,6-di- O-benzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside with the methyl 2-thioglycoside derivatives of the respective deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acids, using dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium triflate as a promoter, gave the four required 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl alpha-sialosyl-(2----3b)-beta-lactosides. These were converted via O-acetylation, selective removal of the 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl group, and subsequent imidate formation, into the corresponding alpha-sialosyl-(2----3b)-alpha-lactose trichloroacetimidates 15, 17, 19, and 21. Glycosylation of (2S,3R,4E)-2-azido-3-O-benzoyl-4-octadecene-1,3-diol with 15, 17, 19, and 21 in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate afforded the expected beta glycosides, which were transformed in good yields, via selective reduction of the azido group, coupling with octadecanoic acid, O-deacylation, and de-esterification, into the target compounds.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1992

Immunotherapy of human glioma xenografts with unlabeled, 131I-, or 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody 425 to epidermal growth factor receptor.

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 425 (IgG2a) binds to the external domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor. This determinant is highly expressed by human glioma tissues but rarely by normal brain tissues, and is absent on peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone marrow cells. The mAb exerts variable cytotoxic effects against cultured human glioma cells in conjunction with human and murine effector cells. Inhibition of growth of s.c. glioma xenografts in nude mice by the mAb may be mediated by murine macrophages or may be related to the capacity of the mAb to antagonize growth stimulation of glioma cells by epidermal growth factor. In approaches to radioimmunotherapy of human glioma with mAb 425, the 125I-labeled mAb 425 exhibited more significant antitumor effects than the 131I-labeled mAb both in vitro and in vivo in xenotransplanted nude mice. These differences may be due to enhanced nuclear damage caused by 125I-labeled versus 131I-labeled fragments following their internalization into the glioma cells. Our studies provide the rationale for immunotherapy of glioma patients with either unlabeled or 125I-labeled anti-epidermal growth factor receptor mAb 425.

Animals↗