Human von Willebrand factor: the molecular glue of platelet plugs.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Binding Sites↗
Biomedical subjects
K A Walsh
Publications and source records attributed to K A Walsh.
The leukocyte common antigen (CD45): a putative receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatase.
A major protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase 1B) has been isolated in essentially homogeneous form from the soluble and particulate fractions of human placenta. Unexpectedly, partial amino acid sequences displayed no homology with the primary structures of the protein Ser/Thr phosphatases deduced from cDNA clones. However, the sequence is strikingly similar to the tandem C-terminal homologous domains of the leukocyte common antigen (CD45). A 157-residue segment of PTPase 1B displayed 40% and 33% sequence identity with corresponding regions from cytoplasmic domains I and II of human CD45. Similar degrees of identity have been observed among the catalytic domains of families of regulatory proteins such as protein kinases and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. On this basis, it is proposed that the CD45 family has protein tyrosine phosphatase activity and may represent a set of cell-surface receptors involved in signal transduction. This suggests that the repertoire of signal transduction mechanisms may include the direct control of an intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase, offering the possibility of a regulatory balance with those protein tyrosine kinases that act at the internal surface of the membrane.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Affinity labeling, molecular cloning, and comparative amino acid sequence analyses of sex steroid-binding protein of plasma. A multidisciplinary approach for understanding steroid-protein interaction and its physiological role.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Affinity Labels↗
Identification of disulfide-bridged substructures within human von Willebrand factor.
In the course of identifying substructural domains within the homooligomeric protein von Willebrand factor [270 kilodaltons (kDa) per polypeptide chain], seven large fragments of 8-90 kDa have been generated by limited proteolysis. A monomeric fragment that binds coagulation factor VIIIc is identified as residues 1-272. A fragment that binds platelet glycoprotein Ib is identified as a homodimer containing two pairs of identical chains, i.e., residues 273-511 and 674-728. Disulfide bonds have been identified by several methods, including direct observation of the phenylthiohydantoin of cystine during Edman degradation of isolated peptides. Among half-cystine residues in the amino-terminal 1365-residue region, 52 have been paired. They place structural constraints on folding possibilities within three structural domains. Additional clusters of disulfide bonds are evident. It has been shown that at least 35 disulfides must form intrachain bridges, specifically the cystines among residues 1-272 and 906-1492. Intersubunit disulfide bonds are partially localized in an interior region (residues 283-695) and a carboxyl-terminal region (residues 1908-2050). Each of these regions appears to be linked to a corresponding region of a neighboring subunit in the network of interconnected chains. The difficulties of pairing all 169 half-cystines (per chain) and of distinguishing intrachain from interchain disulfides are evaluated.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Amino acid sequence of P-57, a neurospecific calmodulin-binding protein.
The amino acid sequence was determined for bovine brain P-57, a neurospecific, membrane-associated, calmodulin-binding protein. It consists of a single 239-residue polypeptide chain blocked at its amino terminus and containing an unusually hydrophilic amino acid composition. Seventy percent of the molecule is composed of Glu/Gln, Ala, Lys, Asp/Asn, and Pro; there is only one aromatic residue. A lack of favorable cleavage sites required that a particularly wide variety of digests and subdigests be performed to obtain appropriate sets of overlapping peptides. This protein is clearly homologous with the cDNA-derived sequence of mouse brain P-57, although the bovine protein is 12 amino acid residues longer; the homology is less obvious in the middle sections of the two sequences. Bovine brain P-57 lacks homology with any other protein in an updated sequence database. A segment reported to interact with calmodulin (Arg-Gly-His-Ile-Thr-Arg-Lys-Lys-Leu) is placed at residues 43-51 within the only extended segment of P-57 that carries the net positive charge that would favor that interaction. There is no hydrophobic segment characteristic of many proteins that interact with membranes.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Amino acid sequence of rat mast cell protease I (chymase).
The amino acid sequence has been determined for rat mast cell protease I (RMCP I), a product of peritoneal mast cells. The active enzyme contains 227 residues, including three corresponding to the catalytic triad characteristic of serine protease (His-57, Asp-102, and Ser-195 in chymotrypsin). A computer search for homology indicates 73% and 33% sequence identity of RMCP I with rat mast cell protease II from mucosal mast cells and bovine chymotrypsin A, respectively. When the structure of RMCP I is compared to those of cathepsin G from human neutrophils and two proteases expressed in activated lymphocytes, 48-49% of the sequences are identical in each case. RMCP I has six half-cystine residues at the same positions as in RMCP II, cathepsin G, and the two lymphocyte proteases, suggesting disulfide pairs identical with those reported for RMCP II. A disulfide bond near the active site seryl residue and substrate binding site, present in pancreatic and plasma serine proteases, is not found in RMCP I or in the other cellular proteases. These results indicate that RMCP I and other chymotrypsin-like proteases of granulocyte and lymphocyte origin are more closely related to each other than to the pancreatic or plasma serine proteases.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Collagen type IX: evidence for covalent linkages to type II collagen in cartilage.
A major site of pyridinoline cross-linking in bovine type IX collagen was traced to a tryptic peptide derived from one of the molecule's HMW chains. This peptide gave two amino acid sequences (in 2/1 ratio) consistent with it being a three-chained structure. The major sequence matched exactly that of the C-telopeptide of type II collagen from the same tissue. A second HMW chain that contained pyridinoline cross-links also gave two amino-terminal sequences, one from its own amino terminus, the other matching exactly the N-telopeptide cross-linking sequence of type II collagen. We conclude that type IX collagen molecules are covalently cross-linked in cartilage to molecules of type II collagen, probably at fibril surfaces.
Animals↗
Microanalysis of the amino acid sequence of the eclosion hormone from the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta.
The amino acid sequence of the eclosion hormone from the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta has been determined, using less than 500 pmol of protein and microanalytical techniques. The protein contains 62 amino acid residues and has a molecular mass of 6813 Da. The amino-terminal sequence is similar to that of a 13-residue segment at the amino terminus of the eclosion hormone of the silkworm Bombyx mori, but the hormone is not otherwise homologous with other hormones or proteins.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Primary structure of duck amyloid protein A. The form deposited in tissues may be identical to its serum precursor.
The amino acid sequence has been determined for the major protein that accumulates in amyloid fibrils in tissues of the Pekin duck. With the exception of 16 residues at the amino terminus, this 106-residue protein is homologous with human serum amyloid protein A (104-residue apoSAA), which is the putative precursor of the 76-residue protein that accumulates in human patients with amyloidosis. Duck serum is shown to contain a protein that is immunologically related and approximately equal in size (12 kDa) to the deposited form in ducks. These results indicate that proteolytic processing of the precursor is not a necessary step in the deposition of amyloid fibrils, at least in the duck.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
The amino acid sequence of toxin RpIII from the sea anemone, Radianthus paumotensis.
The amino acid sequence of the sodium channel toxin RpIII from the sea anemone Radianthus paumotensis has been determined. The protein is homologous with five analogous toxins from three anemone species, and is most similar to a less toxic protein, RpII, from the same organism. Twelve residues are conserved in all six toxins, one of which is an arginine residue thought to be essential for toxicity. The others (Cys, Gly, Pro and Trp) tend to be conserved in other sets of homologous proteins to maintain functional folds. Comparisons of the sequences suggest the existence of two separate but related classes of toxins cumon the three species of anemone.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Amino acid sequence of a unique protease from the crayfish Astacus fluviatilis.
The amino acid sequence of a protease from the crayfish Astacus fluviatilis has been determined from overlapping sets of peptides derived largely by cleavage at Met, Lys, or Arg residues. The protein comprises 200 amino acid residues in a single polypeptide chain, corresponding to a molecular mass of 22,614 daltons. Two disulfide bonds link Cys-42 to Cys-198 and Cys-64 to Cys-84. The sequence of this invertebrate protease appears to be unique since it has no homologous relationship to any of the known protein sequences.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Amino acid sequence of the beta subunit of bovine lung casein kinase II.
The amino acid sequence of the 209-residue beta subunit of bovine lung casein kinase II has been determined. Excluding the amino-terminal blocking group, which was not identified, the molecular weight of the polypeptide chain is 24,239. A marked polarity of the beta subunit is indicated by clusters of negative charges in the amino-terminal region and of positive charges in the carboxyl-terminal region. Whereas the beta subunit shows no homology with any known protein, a segment of the sequence of the larger and microheterogeneous alpha subunit exhibits homology with the catalytic domains of other protein kinases, particularly with the yeast cell-division-control protein CDC28.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Suppression of a signal sequence mutation by an amino acid substitution in the mature portion of the maltose-binding protein.
An unusual spontaneous pseudorevertant of an Escherichia coli strain carrying the signal sequence point mutation malE14-1 was characterized. The suppressor mutation, malE2261, resulted in a single substitution of an aspartyl residue for a tyrosyl residue at position 283 in the sequence of the mature maltose-binding protein. The precursor retained the malE14-1 point mutation in the signal sequence. The pseudorevertant carrying both malE14-1 and malE2261 exported twice the amount of maltose-binding protein as that of the mutant carrying the malE14-1 allele alone but only 18% of the amount exported by a strain producing wild-type maltose-binding protein. A strain carrying the suppressor allele malE2261 in combination with a wild-type signal sequence exported normal quantities of maltose-binding protein to the periplasm. Mature MalE2261 had a Kd for maltose of 27 microM, compared with 3.6 microM for mature wild-type maltose-binding protein. The precursor species than contained both changes resulting from malE14-1 and malE2261 was significantly less stable in the cytoplasm than was the precursor containing only the change encoded by malE14-1.
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗
Amino acid sequence of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase.
The amino acid sequence of the amino-terminal, 235-residue segment of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase has been determined. Together with the carboxyl-terminal segment previously described [Takio, K., Blumenthal, D. K., Edelman, A. M., Walsh, K. A., Krebs, E. G., & Titani, K. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 6028], the present work completes the 603-residue sequence of this protein. The amino-terminal segment that has been analyzed herein corresponds to a domain reported to be of highly asymmetrical shape and as yet unknown function. Secondary structure calculations failed to provide any evidence of alpha-helix or beta-structures, but polyproline II like helical structure is possible. Sequence analysis indicates the presence of approximately equal quantities of two isoforms differing in a single amino acid replacement. Unexpected difficulties were encountered in the present sequence analysis due to the presence of acid-labile Asp-Pro bonds and to five separable variants of a blocked 21-residue amino-terminal peptide, arising from rearrangement at an Asn-Gly bond.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Amino acid sequence of the sex steroid binding protein of human blood plasma.
The amino acid sequence of the sex steroid binding protein (SBP) from human plasma has been determined. The SBP subunit consists of a 373-residue polypeptide chain containing two disulfide bonds and three oligosaccharide chains. The sequence was solved primarily by analysis of peptides derived by cleavage at either lysyl or methionyl residues. In our preparations, approximately half of the protein molecules have the amino-terminal sequence Arg-Pro-Val-Leu-Pro; the other half lack Arg-Pro and begin with the valine. Preparations of Hammond et al. [Hammond, G. L., Robinson, P. A., Sugino, H., Ward, D. N., & Finne, J. (1986) J. Steroid Biochem. 24, 815] have an additional leucine at the amino terminus, making a total of 373 residues in the chain. Oligosaccharide chains are placed at Thr-7 and at Asn residues 351 and 367. The two disulfide bonds connect Cys-164 to Cys-188 and Cys-333 to Cys-361. The reported heterogeneity of preparations of the molecule may result in part from the amino-terminal microheterogeneity, in part from variations in the oligosaccharide moieties, and possibly in part from rearrangements involving cyclic imide formation in two Asn-Gly sequences. Certain hydrophobic segments are suggested as possible components of the steroid-binding sites. The protein shows no homology either with the cDNA-derived sequences of the estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors found by others to be homologous with each other or with any other protein sequence in the 1986 data base.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Amino acid sequence of human von Willebrand factor.
The complete amino acid sequence of human von Willebrand factor (vWF) is presented. Most of the sequence was determined by analysis of the S-carboxymethylated protein. Some overlaps not provided by the protein sequence analysis were obtained from the sequence predicted by the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone [Sadler, J.E., Shelton-Inloes, B.B., Sorace, J., Harlan, M., Titani, K., & Davie, E.W. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 6391-6398]. The protein is composed of 2050 amino acid residues containing 12 Asn-linked and 10 Thr/Ser-linked oligosaccharide chains. One of the carbohydrate chains is linked to an Asn residue in the sequence Asn-Ser-Cys rather than the usual Asn-X-Ser/Thr sequence. The sequence of von Willebrand factor includes several regions bearing evidence of internal gene duplication of ancestral sequences. The protein also contains the tetrapeptide sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (at residues 1744-1747), which may be a cell attachment site, as in fibronectin. The amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions of the molecule contain clusters of half-cystinyl residues. The sequence is unique except for some homology to human complement factor B.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Amino acid sequence of rubredoxin from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans strain 27774.
The amino acid sequence of a rubredoxin from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (strain 27774) has been determined. Comparison with rubredoxins from other species reveals pervasive homology, including the regions known to provide the cysteine ligands to the iron atom in several rubredoxins. Neither an extra cysteinyl residue nor a unique histidyl residue in the new sequence is located in the sequence in such a way that, by homology, a functional role in the structure is suggested.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
The amino acid sequence of the blue copper protein of Alcaligenes faecalis.
The complete amino acid sequence of a blue copper protein from Alcaligenes faecalis S-6 has been determined. This protein is clearly homologous to pseudoazurins in Achromobacter cycloclastes and Pseudomonas AM1, more distantly related to plant plastocyanins, and markedly different from the azurin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Yet all of these proteins bind copper, and analogous ligands appear to be involved.
Alcaligenes↗