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Biomedical subjects

K A Kelly

Publications and source records attributed to K A Kelly.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Human gastric pacesetter potential. Site of origin, spread, and response to gastric transection and proximal gastric vagotomy.

Gastric electrical activity was recorded from twenty-six patients at celiotomy. The human gastric pacemaker was localized to an area in the midcorpus along the greater curve. Pacesetter potentials were generated regularly by the pacemaker at a mean frequency of 3.2 cycles/min and were propagated circumferentially and aborally from the pacemaker, increasing in amplitude and velocity as they approach the pylorus. The pattern of pacesetter potenitals in patients with gastric ulcer, gastric cancer, and duodenal ulcer was similar to that of patients without such diseases. Complete transection of the gastric corpus isolated the distal stomach from the natural pacemaker and resulted in the appearance of a new pacemaker in the distal stomach with a slower frequency. The fact that proximal gastric vagotomy did not greatly alter the frequency of generation or the pattern of propagation of the pacesetter potential provided further evidence that both are myogenic phenomena.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

Vagotomy impairs pentagastrin-induced relaxation of canine gastric fundus.

In eight dogs, a separated, vagally innervated pouch was made from the gastric fundus. Electrodes were implanted on the pouch, and an antral gastric fistula was created through which gastric juice was drained externally during all tests. After recovery, the fasted, conscious dogs received intravenous infusions of 154 mM NaCl to which randomly selected doses of pentagastrin were intermittently added while intraluminal pressure and electric activity of the distended pouch were recorded. Transthoracic vagotomy was then performed, and the dogs were restudied. Before vagotomy, pentagastrin decreased the amplitude of the phasic changes in intraluminal pressure and of the bursts of spiking potentials of the pouch. The D50 for inhibition of mean intrapouch pressure was 4.2 ng/kg per min. After vagotomy, pentagastrin still decreased intrapouch pressure and inhibited fundal spikes, but larger doses were required to produce equivalent decreases in pressure. The D50 was 41.4 ng/kg per min after vagotomy. Our conclusion is that pentagastrin-induced relaxation of the canine gastric fundus is impaired, but not abolished, by vagotomy.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

Canine gastric emptying of solids and liquids.

In four dogs, gastric emptying of a digestible solid (50 g of liver tagged with [57Co]-cyanocobalamine and diced into 1-cm cubes), an indigestible solid (40 radiopaque plastic spheres, diameter 7mm), and a liquid (400 ml of either 1 or 10% dextrose tagged with polyethylene[1,2-3H]glycol were simultaneously assessed by quantitating the rate of appearance of the gastric markers in the duodenum. The rate of gastric emptying of cubed liver was similar whether the liver was given alone or with solutions of the rapidly emptying 1% dextrose, but its rate of emptying was slowed by the slower emptying 10% dextrose. Homogenization of the liver speeded its emptying. Moreover, the homogenized liver emptied even faster when dispersed in 1% dextrose and emptied more slowly when dispersed in 10% dextrose, but in both instances the liver emptied at the same rate as the solution in which it was mixed. Indigestible spheres were nearly all retained, whereas the liver and the dextrose were emptied. Our conclusion is that the stomach empties liquids and retains solids for reduction to a smaller size, after which they are discharged at the same rates as the liquid then present in the stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Murine and rat IgE: relationships in terms of binding to cell receptors and to antibodies against rat epsilon chain.

The similarity between murine and rat IgE was examined in terms of their fixation to target cells and interaction with monospecific antibodies to rat epsilon-chain (anti-epsilon). Purified rat monoclonal IgE (IgEr) was found to block the fixation of murine reagin (IgEm) to mouse and rat skin and to rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells. The capacities of mouse reaginic serum (MRS), rat reaginic serum, and IgEr to inhibit the binding of radiolabeled 125I-IgEr to RBL cells were shown to be similar. These results suggest that the binding of IgE of either species occurs on the same or on adjacent receptor sites of mast cells and RBL cells. The antigenic cross-reactivity between IgEm and IgEr was established by depletion of the reaginic activity from MRS by treatment of MRS with anti-epsilon. The reaginic activity of MRS could be recovered by the addition of IgEr to anti-epsilon:IgEm complexes. From these findings it may be inferred that i) IgEm and IgEr share some antigenic determinants and ii) the regions of the immunoglobulins responsible for fixation to receptors on mast cells and RBL cells are identical or similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Independence of canine gastric and duodenal pacesetter potentials shown by electric pacing.

Our objective was to determine if the canine gastric pacesetter potential spreads across the pylorus to influence the duodenal pacesetter potential, and vice versa. Electric pacing of the gastric corpus increased the frequency of the gastric pacesetter potential and slowed the velocity of its aborad propagation, but gastric pacing did not change the frequency of the duodenal pacesetter potential or alter the velocity or aborad direction of its propagation. Electric pacing of the distal duodenum increased the frequency of the proximal duodenal pacesetter potential, reversed its direction of propagation from aborad to orad, and slowed its velocity of propagation. However, duodenal pacing did not alter the frequency, velocity, or direction of propagation of the gastric pacesetter potential. Our conclusion is that the gastric pacesetter potential and the duodenal pacesetter potential are each independent of the frequency, velocity, and direction of propagation of the other.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

Duodenal-gastric reflux and slowed gastric emptying by electrical pacing of the canine duodenal pacesetter potential.

In 6 (10 to 12 kg) mongrel female dogs, silver electrodes for recording electrical activity and for pacing of pacesetter potentials (PP) were implanted on the stomach and duodenum and a catheter for intraluminal instillations was inserted into the duodenum. Beginning 2 weeks after operation, electrical recordings were made intermittently from the fasted, conscious dogs with no pacing and during pacing of the PP in the proximal and in the distal duodenum. A suspension of BaSO4 injected into the unpaced duodenum and observed cinefluoroscopically was swept quickly from the duodenum into the jejunum; little or none passed orad into the proximal duodenum, and BaSO4 rarely entered the stomach. Only 1 to 3% of a duodenal infusate of 154 mM NaCl with [14C] polyethylene glycol (2 ml per min) appeared in the stomach after 15 min. The results during proximal duodenal pacing were the same as with no pacing. However, distal duodenal pacing, which reversed the direction of propagation of the duodenal PP's, caused duodenal-gastric reflux of BaSO4 in every dog and forced about 30% of the duodenal infusate into the stomach during fasting and during gastric emptying of 400 ml of 154 mM NaCl; at the same time, the rate of emptying of the gastric instillate was slowed about 25%.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The continent ileal pouch: absorptive and motor features.

In 8 patients, 6 to 40 months after proctocolectomy and construction of a continent ileal pouch, selected absorptive and motor functions of the pouch were assessed. Test solutions of 100 or 200 ml, containing a nonabsorbable marker, were placed in the pouch and sampled serially for 1 hr; an oro-intestinal tube was used to prevent contamination of the pouch by endogenous secretions. Sodium, chloride, and water were absorbed in a fashion similar to that reported previously for normal ileum. Similarly, the resting mucosal potential difference and its response to glucose were like those of normal ileum. The pouch also absorbed vitamin B12 that was instilled together with intrinsic factor. The distribution of primary and secondary bile acids in duodenal content suggested that decreased dehydroxylation of bile acids, also seen after conventional ileostomines, occurs in pouch patients. The pattern of motility in pouches was consistent with that reported previously for normal ileum. Thus, the functions of the mucosa and smooth muscle of the continent ileal pouch are quite similar to those of normal ileum.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The role of the extrinsic antral nerves in the regulation of gastric emptying.

In six conscious dogs with chronically implanted gastric and duodenal electrodes, gastric emptying of 40 radiopaque plastic spheres, with a diameter of 7 millimeters and a specific gravity of 1.6, was assessed fluoroscopically during fasting and after the feeding of the 25 grams of 1 centimeter cubes of boiled beef liver. Gastric emptying of 400 milliliters of 154 millimolar sodium chloride marked with 14C PEG was also measured. The extrinsic antral nerves were then transected, and after recovery, the tests were repeated. Before antral denervation, gastric spheres were emptied predominantly during activity fronts--the five to 15 minute bursts of action potentials and contractions that sweep aborally from the stomach to the colon every two hours during fasting. Feeding abolished activity fronts for about eight hours and, therefore, delayed gastric emptying of the spheres. After antral denervation, antral activity fronts were irregular, less frequent and of shorter duration, and the spheres emptied slower both during fasting and after feeding. In contrast, the emptying of isotonic sodium chloride was unchanged. We concluded that antral extrinsic nerves enhance gastric emptying of solid spheres but not of isotonic sodium chloride.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

Lipids in schoolchildren 6 to 17 years of age: upper normal limits.

As part of a multiclinic U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute study of lipid levels of Americans, the University of Cincinnati studied a total school district's population. Out of a total of 8,906 eligible students from all grades, 6 to 17 years of age, 7,337 participated (82%). After fasting for 12 hours or more, plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were ascertained in 6,775 children. For white and black boys and girls, normal lipid values are given by age in both fasting and casual (nonfasting) states. This study group closely resembled a normal pediatric practice population, so that the values established may be used as baseline data for the practicing pediatrician. Since sex, race, and age are dominant sources for variations, care must be taken in the interpretation of minor changes that occur over time in a child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Gastric secretion and motility in duodenal ulcer: effect of current vagotomies.

Proximal gastric vagotomy, total gastric vagotomy, and truncal vagotomy all decrease gastric secretion of acid and pepsinogen, increase the concentration of gastrin in the serum, impair gastric receptive relaxation and accommodation, and speed gastric emptying of liquids. Only proximal gastric vagotomy preserves antral motility, gastric emptying of solids, and the pyloric barrier to duodenal-gastric reflux.

Duodenal Ulcer↗