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Biomedical subjects

K A Harrison

Publications and source records attributed to K A Harrison.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Response patterns of children with learning disabilities: is impulsivity a stable response style?

A correlational analysis was conducted to assess the relationship among various assessment instruments, including Kagan, Rosman, Day, Albert, and Phillips's (1964) Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT), and actual classroom performance vis-à-vis impulsive responding. Subjects were 22 children (16 male, 6 female), ages 5 to 11 years, enrolled in an academic remediation program. The results do not support a relationship between impulsivity, as measured by the MFFT, and academic progress in a classroom setting. Implications for task-specific measures of impulsivity and remediation are discussed.

Achievement↗
PubMed1988

Statistical interactions in studies of physician utilization. Promise and pitfalls.

It has been suggested that use of interactive statistical models would greatly increase the proportion of variance accounted for by studies of physician utilization. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and describe the benefits and pitfalls of using interactive statistical models of physician utilization. The paper presents Monte Carlo simulation data and real world data to determine how much more of the variance in physician utilization can be accounted for by interactive regression models. Results indicate that adding interaction terms is unlikely to produce large increases in variance accounted for. The usefulness of interactive models is particularly low when there is substantial measurement error in the predictor variables. Other advantages and disadvantages of interactive models are discussed, including 1) improved understanding, 2) inflation of alpha, 3) sensitivity to transformations and scale of measurement, and 4) confounding of interaction effects with nonlinear effects.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1986

The prevention of anaemia in pregnancy in primigravidae in the guinea savanna of Nigeria.

Two hundred Hausa primigravidae at Zaria were divided into five groups in a randomized double-blind trial of antenatal oral antimalarial prophylaxis, and haematinic supplements. Group 1 received no active treatment. Groups 2 to 5 were given chloroquine 600 mg base once, followed by proguanil 100 mg per day. In addition, group 3 received iron 60 mg daily, group 4 folic acid 1 mg daily, and group 5 iron plus folic acid. Forty-five percent were anaemic (haemoglobin (Hb) less than 11.0 g dl-1) at first attendance before 24 weeks of gestation, and malaria parasitaemia (predominantly Plasmodium falciparum) was seen in 27%, of whom 60% were anaemic. The mean Hb fell during pregnancy in group 1, and seven patients in this group had to be removed from the trial and treated for severe anaemia (packed cell volume (PCV) less than 0.26). Only five patients in the other groups developed severe anaemia (P = 0.006), two of whom had malaria following failure to take treatment. Patients in group 1 had the lowest mean Hb at 28 and 36 weeks of gestation, and patients receiving antimalarials and iron (groups 3 and 5) had the highest Hb at 28 weeks, but differences were not significant, possibly due to removal from the trial of patients with severe anaemia. Anaemia (Hb less than 12.0 g dl-1) at six weeks after delivery was observed in 61% of those not receiving active treatment (group 1), in 39% of those protected against malaria but not receiving iron supplements (groups 2 and 4) and in only 18% of patients receiving both antimalarials and iron (groups 3 and 5). Folic acid had no significant effect on mean Hb. Proguanil was confirmed to be a highly effective causal prophylaxis. Prevention of malaria, without folic acid supplements, reduced the frequency of megaloblastic erythropoiesis from 56% to 25%. Folic acid supplements abolished megaloblastosis, except in three patients who were apparently not taking the treatment prescribed. Red cell folate (RCF) concentrations were higher in subjects with malaria, probably due to intracellular synthesis by plasmodia. Infants of mothers not receiving antimalarials appeared to have an erythroid hyperplasia. Maternal folate supplements raised infants' serum folate and RCF. Fourteen per cent had low birth weight (less than 2500 g), and the perinatal death rate was 11%; the greatest number were in group 1, but not significantly. A regime is proposed for the prevention of malaria, iron deficiency, folate deficiency and anaemia in pregnancy in the guinea savanna of Nigeria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Nigeria.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Endometriosis among the Hausa/Fulani population of Nigeria.

In three and half years at the Ahmadu Bello University Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria, endometriosis was found in 27 Nigerians (all negroid) and one Caucasian. Age and parity distribution were similar to what has been found in patients elsewhere. In other respects, there were striking differences. The frequency (8.2 percent) is one of the highest reported in the negro. Two fifths were menopausal, majority had associated pelvic inflammatory disease, and nearly all were in women of the lowest socio-economic status. The lesions were rare in the pouch of Douglas and were totally absent from the rectovaginal septum and in the extra peritoneal space.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Sickle cell disease in pregnancy.

S-Homozygotes, SC heterozygotes, and S-beta-thalassaemia heterozygotes are the haemoglobinopathies which make up sickle cell disease. Although their clinical features are similar, as regards complications during pregnancy, Hb S-beta-thalassaemia most dangerous, the main causes of mortality being severe anemia, acute sequestration crisis, bacterial infections, painful episodes, and pulmonary bone marrow fat embolism. Folic acid and antimalarials (where these are indicated) are often successful in preventing severe anaemia. It is best to reserve blood transfusion to replace moderate loss or to correct gross anaemia quickly when this is considered severe enough to threaten life. Painful crises are particularly common towards the end of pregnancy and in treating these episodes, analgesics, antibiotics, and sometimes heparin are used. S-homozygote carries additional hazards. Because of the prevalence of pelvic contraction, fetopelvic disproportion is common and so the incidence of operative deliveries is high. Many fetuses are lost through an increased incidence of abortion and perinatal mortality. In the survivors, there is evidence of intrauterine growth retardation brought about by continuous maternal anaemia throughout pregnancy.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tropical obstetrics and gynaecology. 2. Maternal mortality.

Estimates of maternal deaths per 100,000 births are 270 for Latin America, 420 for Asia and 640 for Africa, compared to only 30 in developed countries. In places with high maternal death rates, women who fail to receive antenatal care and who then report to hospital only when their lives are threatened by major obstetric complications constitute the crux of the problem. In reducing maternal deaths in such places, especially in Africa, the need is to provide vigorous treatment for the unbooked emergencies and, at the same time, work towards the removal of the cultural, health and socio-economic conditions which create the unbooked emergencies. The first objective can be achieved through developing a network of first referral hospitals so that life saving measures are accessible to all who need them before it is too late. The second objective can be realized only through the universal provision and utilization of basic but professional antenatal care and also through modernization of the society as a whole. For all of these goals, universal formal education is fundamental.

Africa↗