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Biomedical subjects

K A Frey

Publications and source records attributed to K A Frey.

115 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Development of a tomographic myelin scan.

The principle that myelin can be imaged noninvasively using the emission tomographic distribution of a lipophilic radioactive tracer was investigated. Properties of agents suitable for noninvasive myelin scanning are discussed with specific reference to blood-brain barrier permeability, metabolism, and tracer lipophilicity. The brain distributions of inert tracers are correlated with their partitioning between octanol and saline. A test probe, iodobenzene, was labeled with iodine 125 for preliminary invasive studies in the rabbit. The equilibrium brain distribution, determined either autoradiographically or by regional dissection, corresponded closely to that of myelin. 123I-labeled iodobenzene, a gamma-emitting analog, was then administered to a monkey, and tomographic reconstruction revealed a pattern of brain uptake corresponding to white matter.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Loss of muscarinic receptors and of stimulated phospholipid labeling in ibotenate-treated hippocampus.

The stimulation of phospholipid labeling by muscarinic agonists has been examined in nerve ending preparations from lesioned hippocampus in order to investigate the synaptic locus of the effect. Unilateral injections of the neurotoxin, ibotenic acid, into the hippocampus resulted in an extensive loss of nerve cells from both the dentate gyrus and hippocampus on the lesioned side and a parallel loss of muscarinic receptors as revealed by [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate autoradiography. Homogenates and nerve ending fractions prepared from the lesioned side of the hippocampus possessed a reduced specific activity (expressed per milligram of protein) of glutamic acid decarboxylase as well as a reduced number of muscarinic receptors compared with the control side. By contrast, choline acetyltransferase activity was either unchanged or slightly increased on the lesioned side. Although there was a reduced yield (25%) of nerve endings from the lesioned side, the specific activity of 32Pi incorporation into phospholipids in the absence of added carbachol was comparable to that of the control side. There was, however, a marked reduction in the carbachol stimulation of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol labeling in nerve ending fractions obtained from he lesioned hippocampus. These results indicate that the muscarinic receptors present in nerve ending fractions from hippocampus and implicated in stimulated phospholipid turnover are derived from cholinoceptive intrinsic neurons.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preserved pontine glucose metabolism in Alzheimer disease: a reference region for functional brain image (PET) analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to examine regional preservation of energy metabolism in Alzheimer disease (AD) and to evaluate effects of PET data normalization to reference regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Regional metabolic rates in the pons, thalamus, putamen, sensorimotor cortex, visual cortex, and cerebellum (reference regions) were determined stereotaxically and examined in 37 patients with probable AD and 22 normal controls based on quantitative 18FDG-PET measurements. Following normalization of metabolic rates of the parietotemporal association cortex and whole brain to each reference region, distinctions of the two groups were assessed. RESULTS: The pons showed the best preservation of glucose metabolism in AD. Other reference regions showed relatively preserved metabolism compared with the parietotemporal association cortex and whole brain, but had significant metabolic reduction. Data normalization to the pons not only enhanced statistical significance of metabolic reduction in the parietotemporal association cortex, but also preserved the presence of global cerebral metabolic reduction indicated in analysis of the quantitative data. CONCLUSION: Energy metabolism in the pons in probable AD is well preserved. The pons is a reliable reference for data normalization and will enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of quantitative and nonquantitative functional brain imaging.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A description of a pharmacotherapy curriculum in a university-based family medicine program.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the methods by which a family medicine residency program implements a pharmacotherapy curriculum. The goal of the curriculum is to teach family medicine residents the principles of rational drug therapy. SETTING: A university-based family medicine residency program. TEACHING STRATEGIES: Specific learning objectives are discussed and the following teaching strategies are expanded upon: (1) monthly noon conferences; (2) a printed formulary and pharmacotherapy handbook; (3) a pharmacy and therapeutics committee; (4) policy statements for drug representatives and use of samples; (5) an on-site pharmacy; (6) quarterly newsletter; and (7) inpatient consultation coverage. PHARMACIST ROLE: The role and responsibilities of the pharmacy faculty and pharmacist(s) who implement this curriculum and the methods used to evaluate its effectiveness are also described. The availability and funding of the pharmacy faculty member can sometimes be arranged with local schools of pharmacy seeking clerkship sites. Interaction with pharmacy students also serves to enhance the educational experience of the family medicine residents. CONCLUSIONS: The family medicine program implements a comprehensive curriculum designed to teach family medicine residents the principles of rational drug therapy. The curriculum may be expanded upon as necessary, or, if the entire program is not feasible, certain elements may be extracted and applied in other institutions.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Middle-aged women's experience and perceptions of menopause.

The purpose of this study was to examine women's perceptions of menopause, and their relation to physical symptoms, psychological and socio-cultural variables. Physical symptoms and experiences described by women during menopause vary greatly among individuals. Numerous theories have been proposed as to the reason for the variations among women. This study consisted of a survey of 40-60 year old women. Questionnaire items investigated attitudes, physical symptoms, and demographic characteristics, including ethnic and cultural background, educational level, work and career orientation, mother's experiences with menopause, age of menarche, marital status, number of children, and socio-economic status. Relationships were examined among the demographic variables, physical symptoms, and attitudes toward menopause.

Adult↗