The recognition that inflammation is closely related to atherothrombosis, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome, represents an enormously important advance in medical science. The prevention community initially took a very cautious approach to recommending CRP measurements, in part because of the variable quality of assays; the advent of high sensitivity CRP measurements and the remarkable research output from Ridker's lab and many others, has demonstrated that this inflammatory marker can provide useful prognostic information, and has contributed a great deal to our understanding of pathobiology. Normal values have been established, and high sensitivity CRP assays are widely available; it is likely that CRP measurements will become increasingly used by physicians to assess vascular risk and potentially to guide therapy. Measurements of CRP in active clinical syndromes, such as coronary artery disease patients with vascular disease or congestive heart failure, would appear at this time to have little useful purpose outside of clinical research studies. We must remember that CRP is but one of many inflammatory markers; nevertheless, the database supporting CRP measurements is far greater than for any of the other markers, and the widely available hs-CRP assay makes it extremely attractive to pursue the conundrum of inflammation and athersclerosis with vigor.

Biomarkers↗

PubMed2002

ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices--summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines).

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Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗

PubMed2002

ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 guideline update for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices: summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines).

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

How to use nitrates.

Nitrates are old drugs, available in many formulations, that are effective in relieving symptoms in various CAD syndromes as well as congestive heart failure. Nitrate tolerance is the major problem limiting nitrate efficacy and use by physicians. Currently, an intermittent dosing strategy is the only practical way to limit the development of tolerance or attenuation of nitrate actions.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗

PubMed2002

ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 guideline update for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices: summary article. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines).

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗