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Biomedical subjects

John Casement

Publications and source records attributed to John Casement.

2 recordsLinked to original sources

Analysis of gene expression changes upon topobexin treatment and TOP2B-knockout in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes.

The role of DNA topoisomerase II beta (TOP2B) in cardiomyocyte differentiation is poorly understood. To address this, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) were differentiated into cardiomyocytes (CM) that were wild type (WT) or contained a genomic deletion of Topoisomerase 2B (BKO). Both WT and BKO hiPSC could be induced to differentiate into sheets of beating cardiomyocytes. BKO hiPSC take slightly longer to differentiate into sheets of beating CM than WT iPSC. RNA was prepared from both undifferentiated and differentiated WT and BKO hiPSC. RNA-seq was used to examine gene expression changes when the WT and BKO hiPSC were differentiated into CM. Gene expression changes following differentiation of BKO cells were largely similar to those in WT cells. In addition, the differentiated WT CM were treated with dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), a TOP2 catalytic inhibitor that targets both TOP2A and TOP2B, or topobexin, a new TOP2B selective catalytic inhibitor. Topobexin inhibition partially phenocopied a TOP2B deletion and thereby providing an alternative to TOP2B gene knockout in many cell lines. In future, hiPSC derived CM with and without TOP2B and inhibition by topobexin ex vivo CM could be used to study anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and to screen for cardioprotectants.

Myocytes, Cardiac

Endogenous Retroelement Activation is Implicated in Interferon-α Production and Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Autoantibody Generation in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Endogenous retroelements (EREs) stimulate type 1 interferon (IFN-I) production but have not been explored as potential interferonogenic triggers in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated ERE expression in early RA (eRA), a period in which IFN-I levels are increased. METHODS: ERE expression (long terminal repeat [LTR] 5, long interspersed nuclear element 1 [LINE-1], and short interspersed nuclear element [SINE]) in disease-modifying treatment-na&#xef;ve eRA whole-blood and bulk synovial tissue samples was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and NanoString alongside IFN-&#x3b1; activity. Circulating lymphocyte subsets, including B cell subsets, from patients with eRA and early psoriatic arthritis (ePsA) were flow cytometrically sorted and similarly examined. Existing established RA and osteoarthritis (OA) synovial single-cell sequencing data were reinterrogated to identify repeat elements, and associations were explored. RESULTS: There was significant coexpression of all ERE classes and IFNA in eRA synovial tissue samples (n = 22, P < 0.0001) and significant positive associations between whole-blood LINE-1 expression (n = 56) and circulating IFN-&#x3b1; protein (P = 0.018) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) titers (P < 0.0001). ERE expression was highest in circulating eRA B cells, particularly na&#xef;ve B cells compared with ePsA, with possible ERE regulation by SAM and HD Domain Containing Deoxynucleoside Triphosphate Triphosphohydrolase 1 transcription (SAMDH1) implicated and associations with IFNA again observed. Finally, in established RA synovium, LTRs, particularly human endogenous retroviral sequence K (HERVK), were most increased in RA compared with OA, in which, for all synovial subsets (monocytes, B cells, T cells, and fibroblasts), ERE expression associated with increased IFN-I signaling (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Peripheral blood and synovial ERE expression is examined for the first time in eRA, highlighting both a potential causal relationship between ERE and IFN-I production and an intriguing association with anti-CCP autoantibodies. This suggests EREs may contribute to RA pathophysiology with implications for future novel therapeutic strategies.

Humans