[Clinical study on injected carbamide peroxide for treatment of respiratory failure complicated by lung infection in coal workers' pneumoconiosis].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
Jing Zhao
Publications and source records attributed to Jing Zhao.
[Noninvasive ventilation for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in children].
OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and safety of noninvasive ventilation (NV) for treating children with obstructive sleep apnea. METHODS: Twenty-one children confirmed obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) with full-night polysomnography (PSG) or ambulatory screening device were enrolled in the study. The NV treatment was carried out successfully for all cases. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) compliance data were gathered via clinical follow-up examination, telephone interview, or mailed questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 11.0 statistical software. Pre- and on-nCPAP parameters were compared with paired t-test. Twenty-one OSAHS children (17 boys, 4 girls) were enrolled into the study. The mean age of the children was 4. 5 years; ranging from 40 days to 11 years. RESULTS: nCPAP pressure was increased from 4 cm H2O by (1 cm H2O = 0.098 kPa) 0.2 cm H2O each time to the treating pressure which was between 4.8 and 16 cm H2O. Before nCPAP treatment, apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was (80.8 +/- 45.1)/h, the lowest pulse oxygen saturation (SPO2) 0.557 +/- 0.135 and SPO2 <0.90 time during sleep (42.9 +/- 31.9) %, which were much worse compared to that with nCPAP treatment, the above parameters decreased to (6.7 +/- 12.4)/h, 0.862 +/- 0.082, (1.1 +/- 2.5) % respectively(P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive ventilation is a safe and effective treatment for OSAHS children. It is possible to use nCPAP as a short-term treatment or as a long-term treatment at home.
Child↗
[Clinical study on application of bovine amnion on burn wounds].
OBJECTIVE: To observe clinical effects of burn wounds treatment with bovine amnion and to screen the best method of preparing and storing of bovine amnion. METHODS: From January 2004 to January 2005. We selected randomly 58 patients with superficial secondary wound, deep secondary wound, autografting area for removal of eschars and tangential excision, fetching skin area or residual burn wound . Using auto-control, every burn wound was divided into 3 parts and was treated with 3 dressings: bovine amnion dealt with by 0.1% chlorhexidine (group A), bovine amnion dealt with by 0.4% glutaraldehyde (group B) and vaseline gauze dressing (group C as control). The clinical effects were compared between different groups and the method of preparing and storing bovine amnion was evaluated. RESULTS: The dressing texture of group A was softer than that of group B, and its flexibility was fine. The pre-treatment was not necessary for dressing in group A. When the dressing was used on burn wounds in groups A and B, pain was slight, but pain was obvious in group C; healing time in groups A and B was much less than that in group C, showing statistically significant difference (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in healing time between groups A and B (P>0.05). The infection ratio of burn wound in deep secondary wound and residual burn wound of groups A and B is much lower than that of group C, showing statistically significant difference (P<0.05); in the other burn wounds there was no significant difference (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION: Bovine amnion could make benefit on burn wounds healing, reduce infection ratio of burn wounds, could be used on different kinds of burn wounds. The clinical effect between bovine amnion dealt with by glutaraldehyde and by chlorhexidine is similar. Whereas the latter is more easy to be popularized.
Adolescent↗
[Study on the visible display of Meridian on the dummy human body].
OBJECTIVE: To study on visible display of Meridian on the dummy human body. METHODS: Tube model-building method and computer technique were used, and data came from Voxel-Man dummy human body development platform. RESULTS: The visual effect of re-building Meridian is very good and it can display the different layers of anatomic structures on the Meridian lines. CONCLUSION: The visible display of Meridian on the dummy human body is preliminary realized, which provides data carriers for establishing the platform of Meridian study.
Human Body↗
[Fluorescence spectra and fluorescence quantum yield of triton X-100].
Fluorescence spectra and fluorescence quantum yield of triton X-100 (TX) aqueous solution are reported. In strong acidic solutions, TX gives no fluorescence. When pH > 1, TX gives a strong and steady fluorescence with the maximum excitation wavelengths at 229 and 275 nm, and the maximum emission wavelength at 302 nm, respectively. TX aqueous solution can produce resonance fluorescence. The resonance fluorescence peak is located at 285 nm. A linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and TX concentration was found in the range of 0. 1-90 mg x L(-1). The detection limit of TX is 0.1 mg x L(-1). By using L-tryptophan as a reference, the fluorescence quantum yield of TX at maximum excitation wavelength 280 nm was measured to be 0.121.
Algorithms↗
[Clinical and pathologic characteristics of primary angiosarcoma of breast].
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and pathologic characteristics of primary angiosarcoma of breast. METHODS: Five cases of primary angiosarcoma of breast were reviewed. Immunohistochemical study (SP method) for factor VIII-related antigen, CD31, CD34, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and c-erbB-2 was performed. The clinical data were also analyzed. RESULTS: All of the 5 patients had a history of a painless breast lump. Ultrasound examination and mammogram did not reveal any specific findings. Histologically, various degree of cellular pleomorphism was noted. Immunohistochemical study showed a positive expression of endothelial associated antigens of the tumors cells in all the 5 cases. The staining result for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and c-erbB-2 was negative. CONCLUSIONS: Primary angiosarcoma of breast is a rare entity. The diagnosis is rather difficult owing to the lack of specific clinical findings and histological heterogeneity. Application of Positive expression of endothelial associated antigens of the tumors cells is helpful in making a pathological diagnosis morphologically.
Adult↗
Interactions of C-reactive protein with low-density lipoproteins: implications for an active role of modified C-reactive protein in atherosclerosis.
The interaction of C-reactive protein with low-density lipoprotein is considered to be one of the key properties that link C-reactive protein with atherosclerosis. However the data obtained to date are controversial, and hence make it difficult to conclude actual physiological or pathological impact of such interaction. The incompatible findings could be ascribed to the different structural state of C-reactive protein and/or low-density lipoprotein. We investigated in detail the interaction of various C-reactive protein isoforms with native and modified low-density lipoprotein. Our data showed "C-reactive protein" could indeed interact with each of native low-density lipoprotein, oxidized or enzymatically modified low-density lipoprotein, but that interaction occurs primarily when C-reactive protein is conformed in a modified form and not pentameric structure. Low level of modified C-reactive protein "contaminant" could confer C-reactive protein obvious low-density lipoprotein binding capacity. Interaction of modified C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein was mediated synergistically by both electrostatic association with ApoB and hydrophobic insertion into lipid layer. When complexed with modified C-reactive protein, macrophage binding/uptake of native and oxidized low-density lipoprotein was either increased 150% or decreased 35%, respectively. Thus the interaction of modified C-reactive protein with low-density lipoprotein may contribute to the regulation of low-density lipoprotein metabolism and foam cell formation in arterial wall. These results highlight an active role of modified C-reactive protein in atherosclerotic process.
Atherosclerosis↗
Identification of biomarkers for breast cancer in nipple aspiration and ductal lavage fluid.
PURPOSE: To establish a comprehensive proteomic approach for biomarker discovery and validation in breast fluid. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A total of 95 specimens from three institutions were used including 10 nipple aspiration fluid (5 stage I/II cancerous breasts and 5 age-matched healthy controls), 42 ductal lavage fluid from 14 patients with unilateral stage I/II cancer (25 from 9 cancerous breasts and 17 from 7 contralateral breasts), and 42 ductal lavage fluid from 14 high-risk women (multiple ducts repeated lavage). Differentially expressed protein/peptides were discovered by proteomic analysis of training sample, using ProteinChip arrays and surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization (SELDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and validated on independently collected testing samples. After protein identification, ELISA was done to confirm the SELDI findings. RESULTS: We were able to obtain reproducible protein profiles using minimal amount of protein (1 mug) by applying an optimized chip protocol and SELDI. We were able to select cancer-associated biomarkers despite large individual variability by applying both unsupervised and supervised cluster analysis. Furthermore, we were able to train and test candidate biomarkers on independently collected samples and identified one component of a multimarker panel as human neutrophil peptides 1 to 3. CONCLUSIONS: Breast fluid is a rich source of breast cancer biomarkers. In combination with high-throughput novel proteomic profiling technology and multicenter study design, markers that are highly specific to breast cancer can be discovered and validated. Our observations also suggest that persistent elevation of human neutrophil peptide in high-risk women may imply early onset of cancer not yet detectable by current detection method. Proof of this hypothesis requires follow-up on a larger study population.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Sulforaphane enhances aquaporin-4 expression and decreases cerebral edema following traumatic brain injury.
Brain edema, the infiltration and accumulation of excess fluid causing an increase in brain tissue volume, often leads to a rise in intracranial pressure and is a key contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the development/resolution of TBI-associated brain edema are poorly understood. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel is expressed at high levels in brain astrocytes, and the bidirectional transport of water through these channels is critical for the maintenance of brain water homeostasis. By using a rodent injury model, we show that TBI decreased AQP4 level in the injury core and modestly increased it in the penumbra region surrounding the core. Postinjury administration of sulforaphane (SUL), an isothiocyanate present in abundance in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, attenuated AQP4 loss in the injury core and further increased AQP4 levels in the penumbra region compared with injured animals receiving vehicle. These increases in AQP4 levels were accompanied by a significant reduction in brain edema (assessed by percentage water content) at 3 days postinjury. These findings suggest that the reduction of brain edema in response to SUL administration could be due, in part, to water clearance by AQP4 from the injured brain.
Animals↗
Apelin protects myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol in rats.
We aimed to explore the change in level of apelin and its receptor APJ during myocardial injury and the therapeutic effects of apelin in myocardial injury. Rat myocardial injury was induced by subcutaneous injection of a high dose of isoproterenol (ISO); apelin and APJ mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR; APJ protein was determined by Western blot; EIA and RIA were used to measure the apelin content and receptor binding, respectively. Plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and myocardial and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were higher in ISO-treated hearts than that in controls. ISO-treated rats showed lower +/-LV dp/dt(max) values and higher LVEDP value (all P<0.01), which suggested severe heart failure. As well, the apelin content in plasma, atrial and ventricular myocardium was decreased by 27%, 30% and 25% (P<0.01), respectively. The mRNA levels of apelin and APJ in myocardia were also markedly reduced; but the APJ protein level in myocardia was increased. However, administration of apelin significantly ameliorated myocardial injury and ISO-induced heart failure. Compared with the ISO-alone group, the group given low-dosage apelin (5 nmol/kg/day) had 39% and 66% higher +LV dp/dt(max) and -LV dp/dt(max) values, and 40.7% lower LVEDP value (P<0.01), and the leakage of myocardial LDH and increased MDA content were attenuated (all P<0.01). Interestingly, bolus injections of apelin (10 nmol/kg/day) resulted in potent inotropic effects in ISO-treated rats. ISO-induced myocardial injury resulted in hypoexpression of apelin and its receptor APJ, and the administration of exogenous apelin ameliorated heart failure and myocardial injury. Apelin could have a cardioprotective effect, and the apelin-APJ system may be a new therapeutic target in myocardial injury and heart failure.
Animals↗
Upregulating of Fas, integrin beta4 and P53 and depressing of PC-PLC activity and ROS level in VEC apoptosis by safrole oxide.
Previously, we found that safrole oxide could trigger vascular endothelial cell (VEC) apoptosis. In this study, to investigate its mechanism to induce apoptosis in VECs, the activities of nitric oxide synthetase and phosphatidylcholine specific phospholipase C, the level of reactive oxygen species and the expressions of Fas, integrin beta4 and P53 were analyzed. The data showed that safrole oxide induced apoptosis by increasing the expressions of Fas, integrin beta4 and P53, and depressing the activity of Ca(2+)-independent phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in VECs.
Apoptosis↗
Sulforaphane reduces infarct volume following focal cerebral ischemia in rodents.
Stroke is the third leading cause of death and disability in the United States. As several biochemical mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to stroke pathophysiology, treatments acting on multiple targets may be desirable. Sulforaphane (SUL), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate present in cruciferous vegetables, has been shown to induce the expression of multiple NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) responsive genes. In the present study, we demonstrate that systemically administered SUL can enter the brain as determined by increased mRNA and protein levels of the Nrf2-responsive gene heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Delayed administration (15 min) of a single dose of SUL significantly decreased cerebral infarct volume following focal ischemia, suggesting a potential therapeutic value for this compound.
Analysis of Variance↗
Independent validation of candidate breast cancer serum biomarkers identified by mass spectrometry.
BACKGROUND: We previously selected a panel of 3 breast cancer biomarkers (BC1, BC2, and BC3) from serum samples collected at a single hospital based on their collective contribution to the optimal separation of breast cancer patients and noncancer controls by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). The identities and general applicability of these markers, however, were unknown. In this study, we performed protein expression profiling on samples obtained from a second hospital, included a greater number of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cases, and performed purification and identification of the 2 confirmed markers. METHODS: Using a case-control study design, we performed protein expression profiling on serum samples from the National Cancer Institute (Milan, Italy). The validation sample cohort consisted of 61 women with locally invasive breast cancer, 32 with DCIS, 37 with various benign breast diseases (including 13 atypical), and 46 age-matched apparently healthy women (age range, 44-68 years). Validated biomarkers were purified and identified with serial chromatography, 1-dimensional gel electrophoresis, in-gel ASP-N digestion, peptide mass fingerprinting, and tandem mass peptide sequencing. RESULTS: The BC3 and BC2 expression patterns in this sample set were consistent with the first study sample set. BC3 and BC2 were identified to be complement component C3a(desArg) and a C-terminal-truncated form of C3a(desArg), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of biomarkers in independent sample sets can help determine the broader utility of candidate markers, and protein identification permits understanding of their molecular basis. C3a(desArg) appears to lack specificity among patients with benign diseases, limiting its utility as a stand-alone tumor marker, but it may still be useful in a multimarker panel for early detection of breast cancer.
Adolescent↗
Hypertension induced by nitric oxide synthase inhibitor increases responsiveness of ventricular myocardium and aorta of rat tissue to adrenomedullin stimulation in vitro.
In this work, we aimed to observe the changes in adrenomedullin (ADM) and its receptor-calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CL), receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 1, RAMP2 and RAMP3-in cardiac ventricles and aortas of hypertensive rats, and the responsiveness of injured cardiovascular tissue to ADM, then to illustrate the protective mechanism of ADM on the cardiovascular system. Male SD rats were subjected to treatment with chronic N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. The ADM contents and cAMP production in myocardia and aortas were measured by RIA. The mRNA levels of ADM, CL, and RAMP1-3 were determined by RT-PCR. L-NNA induced severe hypertension and cardiomegaly. The ir-ADM content in plasma, ventricles and aortas in L-NNA-treated animals increased by 80%, 72% and 57% (all p<0.01), respectively. Furthermore, mRNA levels of ADM, CL, RAMP2 and RAMP3 were elevated by 91%, 33%, 50% and 72.5% (all p<0.01), respectively, in ventricles and by 95%, 177%, 74.7% and 85% (all p<0.01), respectively, in aortas. mRNA level of RAMP1 was elevated by 129% (p<0.01) in aortas but no significant difference in ventricles. The elevated mRNA levels of RAMP2 and RAMP3 were positively correlated with that of ADM in hypertrophic ventricles (r=0.633 and 0.828, p<0.01, respectively) and the elevated mRNA levels of CL, RAMP2 and RAMP3 were positively correlated with that of ADM in aortas (r=0.941, 0.943 and 0.736, all p<0.01, respectively). The response of ventricular myocardia and aortas to ADM administration potentiated, and the production of cAMP was increased by 41% and 68% (both p<0.01), respectively. ADM-stimulated cAMP generation in ventricular myocardia and aortas was blocked by administration of both ADM22-52, the specific antagonist of ADM receptor, and CGRP8-37, the antagonist of the CGRP1 receptor. The results showed an increased in cardiovascular ADM generation and an up-regulation of the gene expression of ADM and its receptor-CL, RAMP1-3 during hypertension, augmented responsiveness of ventricular myocardia and aortas of hypertensive rats to ADM, suggesting that these receptors may play a role in the cardiovascular adaptation in response to sub-chronic NO-inhibition.
Adrenomedullin↗
Ghrelin blunted vascular calcification in vivo and in vitro in rats.
Ghrelin is a new peptide with regulatory actions in growth hormone secretion in the anterior pituitary gland and in energy metabolism. Currently, ghrelin has potently protective effects in cardiovascular diseases. We used an in vivo model of rat vascular calcification induced by vitamin D3 and nicotine and one of cultured rat vascular smooth muscular cells (VSMCs) calcification induced by beta-glycerophosphate to study the possible mechanism in the regulatory action of ghrelin in vascular calcification. Calcification increased total Ca2+ content and 45Ca2+ deposition in aortas and VSMCs and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activation in plasma, aortas and VSMCs. However, calcified aortas and VSMCs showed a significant decrease in osteopontin (OPN) mRNA expression and a marked reduction of ghrelin levels in plasma and its mRNA expression in aortas. The aortic calcification was significantly attenuated by subcutaneous administration of ghrelin 30 and 300 nmol kg(-1) day(-1) for 4 weeks, and the latter dosage was more potent than the former. Ghrelin treatment at the two dosages reduced the total aorta Ca2+ content by 24.4% and 28.1%, aortic 45Ca2+ deposition by 18.4% and 24.9%, plasma ALP activity by 36.6% and 76.7%, and aortic ALP activity by 10.3% and 47.6% (all P < 0.01 or 0.05), respectively. Ghrelin at 10(-8)-10(-6) mol/L attenuated the calcification in cultured VSMCs, with decreased total Ca2+ content, 45Ca2+ deposition and ALP activity and increased OPN mRNA expression, in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, endothelin levels in plasma and aortas and its mRNA expression in aortas significantly increased with calcification, but ghrelin treatment significantly decreased endothelin levels and mRNA expression, with the high dosage being more potent than the lower dosage. These results indicate that local ghrelin in vascular was down-regulated during vascular calcification, whereas administration of ghrelin effectively attenuated vascular and VSMCs calcification.
Animals↗
Intermedin 1-53 in central nervous system elevates arterial blood pressure in rats.
Intermedin (IMD) is a novel member of the calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family identified from human and other vertebrate tissues. Preprointermedin can generate various mature peptides by proteolytic cleavage. Amino acid sequence analysis showed cleavage sites located between two basic amino acids at Arg93-Arg94 resulting in the production of prepro-IMD(95-147), namely IMD(1-53). The present study was designed to determine the effects of the IMD(1-53) fragment in the central nervous system (CNS) on mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in normal rats and its possible mechanism. Rats were given doses of adrenomedullin (ADM) or IMD(1-53), intracerebroventricularly or intravenously, respectively, with continuous blood pressure and heart rate monitoring for 45min. Analysis with CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37), ADM receptor antagonist ADM(22-52), and anti-prepro-IMD antibody showed that 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 nmol/kg IMD(1-53), caused a dose-dependent elevation in blood pressure, which was more prominent than the increase with equivalent IMD(1-47) or ADM. As well, IMD(1-53) caused a persistent increase in heart rate. The CNS action of IMD(1-53) could be blocked by ADM(22-52), CGRP(8-37), or prepro-IMD antibody. In contrast to the CNS action, intravenous administration of IMD(1-53) induced a depressor effect. These results suggest that IMD(1-53) is an important regulatory factor in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate through its central and peripheral bioaction.
Adrenomedullin↗
ADAM22 plays an important role in cell adhesion and spreading with the assistance of 14-3-3.
Cellular adhesion plays important roles in a variety of biological processes. The ADAM family contains disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase-like domains which potentially have cell adhesion and protease activities. Recent studies suggest that the interaction between 14-3-3zeta and ADAM22cyt can regulate cell adhesion and spreading, therefore it has a potential role in neural development and function. 14-3-3 family has seven highly conserved members that regulate various cellular functions. Using yeast two-hybrid method, we identified that ADAM22cyt bound some other 14-3-3 family members. The interaction was further confirmed by in vitro protein pull-down assay and co-immunoprecipitation. We also found that the overexpression of exogenous ADAM22 in HEK293 cells could significantly enhance cell adhesion and spreading, compared with the truncated ADAM22 lack of 14-3-3 binding motifs. These results strongly demonstrated a functional role for ADAM22/14-3-3 in cell adhesion and spreading.
14-3-3 Proteins↗
Solution-phase, triangular ag nanotriangles fabricated by nanosphere lithography.
A novel method to produce solution-phase triangular silver nanoparticles is presented. Ag nanoparticles are prepared by nanosphere lithography and are subsequently released into solution. The resulting nanoparticles are asymmetrically functionalized to produce either single isolated nanoparticles or dimer pairs. The structural and optical properties of Ag nanoparticles have been characterized. Mie theory and the Discrete Dipole Approximation method (DDA) have been used to model and interpret the optical properties of the released Ag nanoparticles.
Journal Article↗