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Jim Hinojosa

Publications and source records attributed to Jim Hinojosa.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Categorization and deductive reasoning: predictors of instrumental activities of daily living performance in adults with brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive relationship of categorization and deductive reasoning abilities to performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among adults with brain injury. METHOD: A correlational research design was used to examine the performance of 19 patients from a neurosurgery acute care unit on Toglia's Category Assessment (TCA), the Deductive Reasoning test (DR), and the Observed Tasks of Daily Living-Revised. RESULTS: Multiple regression analysis indicated that categorization and deductive reasoning accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in IADL performance scores, with deductive reasoning making the greater contribution. Demographic characteristics such as age and education reduced the power of the previous variables, especially of the categorization. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that assessments of categorization and deductive reasoning abilities of persons with brain injury may be good predictors of IADL functional performance. Results support the use of the TCA and DR as quick measures of a person's cognitive and functional abilities. Furthermore, this study provides preliminary results to support that categorization and deductive reasoning abilities are fundamental for the performance of IADL skills.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Shifts in parent-therapist partnerships: twelve years of change.

OBJECTIVE: A national survey was conducted to identify occupational therapists' current attitudes and values in their working relationships with parents of preschool children with developmental disabilities. This study replicated a 1987 national survey that examined therapists' relationships with parents of preschool children with cerebral palsy. METHOD: Surveys were sent to a random sample of 400 therapists, with 199 returned from respondents who identified themselves as working with preschool children with developmental disabilities. After calculating descriptive statistics for each item in the survey, a one-way analysis of variance was performed to test for differences based on four demographic variables. RESULTS: Respondents reported that working with parents, more than any other aspect of intervention, had the greatest impact on the progress of a child with disabilities. Consistent with the 1987 survey, respondents believed that parents focus on their own adjustment to their child's disability as well as on their child's progress more than any other issues. Therapists continue to report satisfaction when generating positive change for child and parent through education and use of clinical knowledge and skill. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that efforts to foster family-centered intervention in occupational therapy educational programs are increasing therapists' confidence and skills in working with parents of children with disabilities. Implications for occupational therapy practice and education include a need for therapists to expand their knowledge and expertise in working effectively with vulnerable families. Educators need to focus on teaching strategies not only to refine the role of occupational therapy as a direct treatment provider, but also to incorporate creative ways to deal with the psychosocial issues of parents and families.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interrater reliability and discriminant validity of the deductive reasoning test.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the interrater reliability and discriminant validity of Toglia's Deductive Reasoning test for individuals with brain injuries. METHOD: Forty-two individuals with brain injuries and 51 participants without disabilities ranging in age from 18 to 84 years were given the Deductive Reasoning test three consecutive times. A between groups repeated measure design was used to examine differences between the two groups in performance of the Deductive Reasoning test across the three trials. RESULTS: An interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was statistically significant, indicating good interrater reliability for participants without disabilities. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing performance across trials and between groups revealed a significant group main effect, F(1,91) = 52.68, p < .001, thus, participants with brain injuries performed significantly lower on the test than participants without disabilities. This analysis also revealed a significant increase in all participants' scores across trials, F(1.63, 148.67) = 35.094, p < .001. CONCLUSION: Findings confirm acceptable interrater reliability of the Deductive Reasoning test. Further, comparison of the performance of the two groups supports the discriminant validity of the Deductive Reasoning test for individuals with brain injuries. Thus, the Deductive Reasoning test was found to be an appropriate, valid, and reliable assessment tool for occupational therapists to assess deductive reasoning skills in individuals with brain injuries. Additional research is needed to continue to investigate the psychometric value of the Deductive Reasoning test so that clinicians and researchers can use it appropriately.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving quality of life for persons with Alzheimer's disease and their family caregivers: brief occupational therapy intervention.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the extent to which adherence to occupational therapy recommendations would increase the quality of life of persons with Alzheimer's disease living in the community and decrease the burden felt by family members caring for them. METHOD: Using a pretest-posttest control group design, the Assessment of Instrumental Function (AIF) was administered to two groups of persons with Alzheimer's disease in their own homes (n= 40). Caregivers completed measures of their feelings of burden and the quality of life, including level of function of the persons with Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS: A significant (MANCOVA) main effect was obtained for caregiver burden and three components of quality of life, positive affect, activity frequency and self-care status, by the treatment group, F(4, 31) = 7.34, p < .001. CONCLUSIONS: Individualized occupational therapy intervention based on the person-environment fit model appears effective for both caregivers and clients. This is especially important in light of a recent directive for more favorable reimbursement for occupational therapy services for persons with dementia.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The activity setting of homework: an analysis of three cases and implications for occupational therapy.

An important goal of occupational therapy is to foster clients' participation in daily life. The daily lives of children occur mainly within their homes and schools. Homework is an occupation whose performance affects children's participation in both home and school. A qualitative study of parental self-reports of the strategies they use to foster their children's successful engagement in homework was conducted. In this paper, we examine three cases from this study using the activity setting concept from the ecocultural theory of family accommodation. The three cases were chosen based on their diversity: ethnic and religious background, socioeconomic status, presence of a stay-at-home mother, and presence of children with special needs. The analysis of these cases illustrates that strategies used by parents to foster their children's engagement in homework reflect their values and priorities, their expectations of their children, and their perceptions of their children's strengths and limitations. The concept of activity setting can be useful for occupational therapists to analyze family situations when they are developing home treatment programs.

Activities of Daily Living↗