Biomedical subjects

Jie Hu

Publications and source records attributed to Jie Hu.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Gene expression profiles of hepatoma cell line HLE.

AIM: To investigate the global gene expression of cancer related genes in hepatoma cell line HLE using Atlas Human Cancer Array membranes with 588 well-characterized human genes related with cancer and tumor biology. METHODS: Hybridization of cDNA blotting membrane was performed with (32)P-labeled cDNA probes synthesized from RNA isolated from Human hepatoma cell line HLE and non-cirrhotic normal liver which was liver transplantation donor. AtlasImage, a software specific to array, was used to analyze the result. The expression pattern of some genes identified by Atlas arrays hybridization was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 24 pairs of specimens and Northern blot of 4 pairs of specimens. RESULTS: The differential expression of cell cycle/growth regulator in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) showed a stronger tendency toward cell proliferation with more than 1.5-fold up-regulation of Cyclin C, ERK5, ERK6, E2F-3, TFDP-2 and CK4. The anti-apoptotic factors such as Akt-1 were up-regulated, whereas the promotive genes of apoptosis such as ABL2 were down-regulated. Among oncogene/tumors suppressors, SKY was down-regulated. Some genes such as Integrin beta 8, Integrin beta 7, DNA-PK, CSPCP, byglycan, Tenacin and DNA Topo were up-regulated. A number of genes, including LAR, MEK1, eps15, TDGF1, ARHGDIA were down-regulated. In general, expression of the cancer progression genes was up-regulated, while expression of anti-cancer progression genes was down-regulated. These differentially expressed genes tested with RT-PCR were in consistent with cDNA array findings. CONCLUSION: Investigation of these genes in HCC is helpful in disclosing molecular mechanism of pathogenesis and progression of HCC. For the first time few genes were discovered in HCC. Further study is required for the precise relationship between the altered genes and their correlation with the pathogenesis of HCC.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2003

[An allelotype study of primary and corresponding recurrent glioblastoma multiforme].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate molecular genetic alterations associated with primary and corresponding recurrent glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) and to identify which chromosomal regions of the whole genome may be involved in the recurrence of primary GBM. METHODS: A high-resolution allelotyping study of one patient's primary GBM and corresponding recurrent GBM was performed by PCR-based loss of heterozygosity(LOH) analysis with the use of 382 fluorescent dye-labeled polymorphic microsatellite markers covering all 22 autosomes. The mean genetic distance between two flanking markers is 10 cM. RESULTS: LOH at locus D9S157 on 9p21 and at loci D10S537, D10S185, D10S192, D10S597, D10S587, D10S217 on 10q21.3-26.3 was observed in the primary GBM. As for corresponding recurrent tumor, LOH was observed not only in expanded regions on 9p21 and 10q21.3-26.3 but also on multiple other chromosomal arms, including 1q, 7p,7q, 21q, 20p, 20q, 10p, 19p, 19q. CONCLUSION: Chromosome 9p and 10q may be involved in the development of this GBM. Although histopathological diagnoses of the primary and corresponding recurrent tumor are identical, the recurrence of GBM is characterized by an increased involvement of molecular genetic abnormalities and may be accompanied by inactivation of more tumor suppressor genes.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[Application of weighted minimum-norm estimation with Tikhonov regularization for neuromagnetic source imaging].

In magnetoencepholography(MEG) inverse research, according to the point source model and distributed source model, the neuromagnetic source reconstruction methods are classified as parametric current dipole localization and nonparametric source imaging (or current density reconstruction). MEG source imaging technique can be formulated as an inherent ill-posed and highly underdetermined linear inverse problem. In order to yield a robust and plausible neural current distribution image, various approaches have been proposed. Among those, the weighted minimum-norm estimation with Tikhonov regularization is a popular technique. The authors present a relatively overall theoretical framework Followed by a discussion of the development, several regularized minimum-norm algorithms have been described in detail, including the depth normalization, low resolution electromagnetic tomography(LORETA), focal underdetermined system solver(FOCUSS), selective minimum-norm(SMN). In addition, some other imaging methods, e.g., maximum entropy method(MEM), the method incorporating other brain functional information such as fMRI data and maximum a posteriori(MAP) method using Markov random field model, are explained as well. From the generalized point of view based on minimum-norm estimation with Tikhonov regularization, all these algorithms are aiming to resolve the tradeoff between fidelity to the measured data and the constraints assumptions about the neural source configuration such as anatomical and physiological information. In conclusion, almost all the source imaging approaches can be consistent with the regularized minimum-norm estimation to some extent.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2003

Clinical features of endophthalmitis after vitreoretinal surgery.

PURPOSE: To investigate the rate, clinical features, treatment outcomes and prognosis of postvitrectomy endophthalmitis. METHODS: Patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous opacity or complicated retinal detachment during 1988 to 2000 were collected. Vitrectomies for recent penetrating trauma or endophthalmitis were excluded. Patients suffered from clinical or culture-proven postvitrectomy endophthalmitis were selected. RESULTS: Postvitrectomy endophthalmitis happened to 3 to 7,000 patients, resulting in an overall frequency of 0.04%. Enhanced systemic and local antibiotics were used as soon as diagnosis was made. Endophthamitis were controlled within 6 days, 8 days and 10 days, respectively. Final visual acuities were light perception in 2 patients and 0.02 in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: Postvitrectomy endophthalmitis was rare, but it deteriorate the visual acuity. Both ophthalmologist and patients should pay high attention to it.

China↗

PubMed2003

Genome-wide allelotype study of primary glioblastoma multiforme.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular genetic pathogenesis of primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and identify which chromosomes or chromosomal regions of the entire genome may harbor tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) associated with GBM. METHODS: A high-resolution allelotype study of 21 cases of primary GBM was performed by PCR-based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis. Three hundred and eighty-two fluorescent dye-labeled microsatellite markers covering all 22 autosomes were applied. The mean genetic distance between two flanking markers was about 10 cM. RESULTS: LOH was observed on all 39 nonacrocentric autosomal arms examined in this study. The LOH frequencies of 10q, 10p, 9p, 17p and 13q were the highest (> 50%). Furthermore, high LOH frequencies were detected in the regions containing known TSGs including PTEN, DMBT1, p16, p15, p53 and RB; the LOH frequencies on 14q, 3q, 22q, 11p, 9q, 19q were also high (> 40.5%). Our study observed the following commonly deleted regions: 9p22-23, 10p12.2-14, 10q21.3, 13q12.1-14.1, 13q14.3-31, 17p11.2-12, 17p13, 3q25.2-26.2, 11p12-13, 14q13-31, 14q32.1, 14q11.1-13, 22q13.3, 4q35, 4q31.1-31.2, 6q27 and 6q21-23.3. CONCLUSIONS: The molecular pathogenesis of GBM is very complicated and associated with a variety of genetic abnormalities on many chromosomal arms. The most closely related chromosomal arms to the pathogenesis of GBM are 10q, 10p, 9p, 17p and 13q. Besides the well-known TSGs including PTEN, DMBT1, p16, p15, p53 and RB, multiple unknown TSGs associated with GBM may be present on the commonly deleted regions detected in the present study.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Cysteine 116 participates in intermolecular bonding of the human VEGF(121) homodimer.

VEGF(121), the 121-amino acid form of vascular endothelial growth factor is a homodimer with nine cysteine residues per monomer. While three intramolecular and two intermolecular disulfide bonds have been mapped, the state of the ninth cysteine, Cys116, is not known. In this study, we determined that human VEGF(121) contains a third interchain disulfide bond between Cys116 of each monomer. We also isolated a VEGF(121) variant with two extra cysteines bound to each Cys116. No evidence was found for the exsistence of Cys116 in the reduced state. In fact, selective reduction of the Cys116 interchain disulfide bond yielded an unstable VEGF(121) molecule, which reoxidized quickly. Biological activities of VEGF(121) Cys116 variants were assessed. The oxidative state of Cys116 has no effect on binding or proliferation activities but may be important for overall stability of the molecule.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Transcriptional inactivation of TP73 expression in oligodendroglial tumors.

The TP73 gene, located on chromosome 1p36.3, encodes a product that shares significant structural homology with the tumor suppressor TP53. The aim of this study was to investigate whether TP73 is involved in the development of oligodendroglial tumors, which frequently carry deletions involving 1p36.3. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine TP73 transcript levels. Ten of 24 (42%) tumors showed negligible to more than 5-fold reduction in TP73 expression when compared to normal brain level. To identify potential mechanisms that may modulate TP73 transcription in oligodendroglial tumors, we performed mutation analysis on the TP73 gene. No somatic mutations were however detected in the gene sequence. We then evaluated the possible involvement of epigenetic change in TP73 expression. Bisulfite genomic sequencing detected aberrant hypermethylation at the 5' region upstream and including the first exon of the TP73 gene in 17 of 44 (39%) oligodendroglial tumors, whereas normal brain tissues showed no methylation in the same region examined. Moreover, 6 of 10 (60%) tumors with negligible or decreased levels of TP73 transcripts were methylation-positive. In conclusion, our results showed that inactivation of TP73 occurs at the transcriptional level and is associated with promotor hypermethylation. Loss of or reduced TP73 transcript expression may contribute to the tumorigenesis of oligodendroglial tumors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Genomic imbalances in ovarian borderline serous and mucinous tumors.

We analyzed 25 ovarian borderline tumors (13 serous and 12 mucinous tumors) by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Genomic imbalance was detected in 85% of serous tumors and 75% of mucinous tumors. Different patterns of genomic alterations were identified in serous and mucinous tumors. Gain of the X chromosome was common in both serous (30%) and mucinous (42%) tumors. However, gain of chromosome 8 was detected exclusively in 38% of serous and mixed sero-mucinous tumors, but not in any pure mucinous tumors. According to the present and previous studies, gain of chromosome 8 is the most common abnormality in borderline serous tumors. Gain of the same chromosome is also common in high grade and advanced stage serous carcinomas, but uncommon in early stage serous carcinomas. In addition gain of chromosome X is common in borderline serous and mucinous tumors, while loss of chromosome X is predominant in invasive carcinomas. These findings do not support the multi-step progression theory from borderline tumor to high-grade, advanced stage carcinoma, but indicate that the borderline ovarian tumor is a distinct entity. Genes in chromosome 8 may be critical for the development and the differentiation of borderline serous tumors.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed2002

Three new homoisoflavanone glycosides from the bulbs of Ornithogalum caudatum.

Phytochemical examination of Ornithogalum caudatum led to the isolation of three new homoisoflavanone glycosides. Their structures were elucidated, on the basis of the spectroscopic data and chemical evidence and by comparing them with those of known compounds, as (-)-7-O-methyleucomol 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), (-)-7-O-methyleucomol 5-O-beta-rutinoside (2), and (-)-7-O-methyleucomol 5-O-beta-neohesperidoside (3), respectively.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗

PubMed2002

A new coumaronochromone from Sophora japonica.

A new coumaronochromone derivative, sophorophenolone (1), along with 13 known compounds, l-maackiain (2), medicagol (3), 7-O-methylpseudobaptigenin (4), pseudobaptigenin (5), 7,3'-di-O-methylorobol (6), genistein (7), prunetin (8), daidzein (9), formononetin (10), Di-O-methyldaidzein (11), quercetin (12), kaempferol (13) and isorhamnetin (14) were isolated from pericarps of Sophorajaponica L. The structure of compound 1 was established by UV, IR, MS, and one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, including DEPT, NOESY, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments.

Benzofurans↗

PubMed2002

Isolation and identification of antioxidants from Sophora japonica.

A new flavonol triglycoside, kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), as well as two known kaempferol 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)]-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2) and kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), were isolated from the n-BuOH extract of the pericarps of Sophora japonica by bioassay-guided fractionation. The structure of compound 1 was established by UV, IR, MS, and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, including DEPT, NOESY, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments. Compounds 1-3 showed antioxidative activity in DPPH and cytochrome-c assay using HL-60 cell system.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed2002

Cost-efficacy of rofecoxib versus acetaminophen for preventing pain after ambulatory surgery.

BACKGROUND: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are commonly administered as part of a multimodal regimen for pain management in the ambulatory setting. This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was designed to compare the analgesic effect of oral rofecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, and acetaminophen when administered alone or in combination prior to outpatient otolaryngologic surgery. METHODS: A total of 143 healthy outpatients undergoing elective otolaryngologic surgery were assigned to one of four study groups: group 1 = control (500 mg vitamin C); group 2 = 2 g acetaminophen; group 3 = 50 mg rofecoxib; or group 4 = 2 g acetaminophen and 50 mg rofecoxib. The first oral dose of the study medication was taken 15-45 min before surgery, and a second dose of the same medication was administered on the morning after surgery. Recovery times, side effects, and the need for rescue analgesics were recorded. Follow-up evaluations were performed at 24 and 48 h after surgery to assess postdischarge pain, analgesic requirements, nausea, and patient satisfaction with their postoperative pain management and quality of recovery. Peak pain scores and the need for rescue analgesic medication were used as the endpoints for estimating efficacy of the study drugs, while cost to achieve complete satisfaction with analgesia was used in the cost-effectiveness analysis. RESULTS: Premedication with rofecoxib (50 mg) was significantly more effective than either placebo or acetaminophen (2 g) in reducing the peak postoperative pain, the need for analgesic medication, and improving the quality of recovery and patient satisfaction. Moreover, the addition of acetaminophen failed to improve its analgesic efficacy. An expenditure for rofecoxib of 16.76 US dollars (95% confidence interval, 7.89 to 21.03 US dollars) and 30.24 US dollars (95% confidence interval, 5.25 to 54.20 US dollars) would obtain complete satisfaction with pain control in one additional patient who would not have been satisfied if placebo or acetaminophen, respectively, had been administered prior to surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Rofecoxib, 50 mg administered orally, decreased postoperative pain and the need for analgesic rescue medication after otolaryngologic surgery. The addition of 2 g oral acetaminophen failed to improve its analgesic efficacy.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed2002

Comparative efficacy of acustimulation (ReliefBand) versus ondansetron (Zofran) in combination with droperidol for preventing nausea and vomiting.

BACKGROUND: Antiemetic drugs are costly, are associated with variable efficacy, and can produce unwanted side effects when used for prophylaxis against postoperative nausea and vomiting. This clinical study was designed to compare the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation using a ReliefBand to ondansetron (Zofran) when utilized alone or in combination for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after plastic surgery. METHODS: A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and sham-controlled study design was conducted to compare three prophylactic antiemetic treatment regimens in 120 outpatients undergoing plastic surgery procedures with routine low-dose droperidol prophylaxis: (1) ondansetron (n = 40), 4 mg intravenous ondansetron and a sham ReliefBand; (2) acustimulation (n = 40), 2 ml intravenous saline and an active ReliefBand; and (3) combination (n = 40), 4 mg intravenous ondansetron and an active ReliefBand. The incidences of postoperative nausea and vomiting, as well as the need for "rescue" antiemetics, were determined at specific time intervals for up to 72 h after surgery. The outcome variables assessed included recovery times, quality of recovery score, time to resumption of normal diet, and patient satisfaction with the prophylactic antiemetic therapy. RESULTS: Use of the ReliefBand in combination with ondansetron significantly reduced nausea (20 vs. 50%), vomiting (0 vs. 20%), and the need for rescue antiemetics (10 vs. 37%) compared with ondansetron alone at 24 h after surgery. Furthermore, the ability to resume a normal diet (74 vs. 35%) within 24 h after surgery was significantly improved when the ReliefBand was used to supplement ondansetron (vs. ondansetron alone). Finally, the quality of recovery (90 +/- 10 vs.70 +/- 20) and patient satisfaction (94 +/- 10 vs. 75 +/- 22) scores were significantly higher in the combination group the ondansetron group. There were no significant differences between the ReliefBand and ondansetron when administered as adjuvants to droperidol for antiemetic prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: The ReliefBand compared favorably to ondansetron (4 mg intravenously) when used for prophylaxis against postoperative nausea and vomiting. Furthermore, the acustimulation device enhanced the antiemetic efficacy of ondansetron after plastic surgery.

Acupressure↗

PubMed2002

[An allelotype study of human glioblastoma].

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the molecular genetic mechanisms for the pathogenesis of glioblastoma (GBM) and determine which chromosomes or chromosomal regions may play a role in the pathogenesis of GBM or may harbor tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) associated GBM. METHODS: An allelotype study of 21 cases of GBM was performed by polymerase chain reaction and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis. Three hundred and eighty-two microsatellite markers covering all 22 autosomes were used. The mean genetic distance between two flanking markers is about 10 cM. Fluorescent dye-labeled primers and Perkin Elmer 377 DNA Sequencer were applied. RESULTS: LOH was observed on all chromosomal arms examined in this study. The LOH frequencies of 10q, 10p, 13q, 17p and 9p were the highest (>50%), on which high LOH frequencies were detected at the regions resided by the known TSGs including PTEN, DMBT1, p16, p15, p53 and Rb. The following commonly deleted regions were detected: 9p22-23, 10p12.2-14, 10q21.3, 13q12.1-14.1, 13q14.3-31, 17p11.2-12, 17p13, 3q24-27, 11p12-13, 14q31-32.3, 14q21-24.1, 22q13.2-13.3, 4q35, 4q31.1-31.2, 6qtel, 6q16.3. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the pathogenesis of GBM is very complicated and associated with various molecular genetic abnormalities on lots of chromosomes. The chromosomal arms most closely relevant to the pathogenesis of GBM are 10q, 10p, 9p, 17p and 13q. Besides the well-known TSGs, such as PTEN, DMBT1, p16, p15, p53 and Rb, multiple unknown TSGs associated with GBM may be present on the commonly deleted regions observed for the first time in this study.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Chromosome 14q may harbor multiple tumor suppressor genes in primary glioblastoma multiforme.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether deletion of chromosome 14q is involved in the carcinogenesis of primary glioblastoma multiforme and to identify possibly common deletion regions. METHJODS: Fourteen fluorescent dye-labeled polymorphic markers were used and polymerase chain reaction-based microsatellite analysis was employed to investigate loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 14q in 20 primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). RESULTS: Ten of twenty (50%) GBM displayed LOH at one or more of the markers on chromosome 14q. Five tumors showed either LOH or non-informative on all markers tested. The most frequent LOH was observed at locus D14S65 (57.1%) on 14q32.1, and in the chromosomal region spanning from D14S63 (47.1%) to D14S74 (46.7%) on 14q23-31. None of the informative loci exhibited microsatellite instability. CONCLUSIONS: Allelic deletion on chromosome 14q plays an important role in the pathogenesis of GBM. Chromosomal regions at locus D14S65 on 14q32.1 and spanning from D14S63 to D14S74 on 14q23-31 may harbor multiple tumor suppressor genes associated with GBM.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

A preliminary report of 40 cases of strabismus microsurgery.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the quality of strabismus surgery and to find out the role of microsurgery in the field of strabismus. METHODS: We performed separation and preservation of anterior ciliary vessels (ACV), adjustable sutures, routine rectus recession, and oblique muscle surgeries under microscope in 13 cases of comitant strabismus, 19 cases of A-V syndrome and 8 cases of paralytic strabismus. RESULTS: Surgeries were performed in a very clear field under microscope. We successfully did vascular microdissection and ACV preservation. Also with the use of microscope, various kinds of strabismus microsurgery videos were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Microscopic technique can be used to enhance the quality and accuracy of strabismus surgery and to reduce surgical damage, postoperative inflammatory reaction and scar formation. All kinds of strabismus surgery , especially, oblique muscles and complex paralytic operations can be performed under microscope.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Health-related quality of life in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an individual's perception of physical and mental health. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between symptoms and HRQOL in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), using a modification of a HRQOL model in COPD. DESIGN: A correlational descriptive design was used to examine the relationships between symptoms and HRQOL in individuals with COPD. SUBJECTS: A convenience sample of 58 subjects with a medical diagnosis of COPD, specifically chronic bronchitis or emphysema, was evaluated. MEASURES: The Vertical Visual Analogue Scale, Baseline Dyspnea Index, Bronchitis-Emphysema Symptom Checklist, Positive and Negative Affect Scales, Pulmonary Functional Status and Dyspnea Questionnaire, and Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 Health Survey were used. RESULTS: Variables that affected the physical health component of HRQOL included breathlessness, physical impairment, and reduced activities of daily living (adjusted R(2) = .52, P < .001), and variables that affected the mental health component of HRQOL were breathlessness, hopelessness and anxiety, and negative affective trait (adjusted R(2) = .58, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Breathlessness, physical impairment, reduced activities of daily living, hopelessness and anxiety, and negative affective trait seem to contribute to physical and mental components of HRQOL in individuals with COPD.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Are self-reports of breathing effort and breathing distress stable and valid measures among persons with asthma, persons with COPD, and healthy persons?

BACKGROUND: Breathing is a subjective experience that includes physical sensations, such as effort to breathe, and an affective element, such as breathing distress. OBJECTIVE: The overall purpose of this investigation was to evaluate whether measurement of the physical sensations (breathing effort) and affective response to these sensations of breathing (breathing distress) are consistent and valid. DESIGN: A longitudinal repeated measures design was used to evaluate a 2-week daily breathing with a sub-sample (n = 43) who also recorded their daily breathing during 4 weeks. SUBJECTS: Age-matched, stable subjects (n = 92) with an average age of 62 were evaluated. The sample consisted of 32 subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 27 subjects with asthma, and 33 healthy subjects. MEASURES: Visual Analogue Scales for breathing effort (VAS-E) and breathing distress (VAS-D) were scored daily. RESULTS: The VAS-E and VAS-D mean, highest, and lowest scores were found to be stable over time in the sub-sample and a significant difference (F = 2.56, P <.05) between VAS-E and VAS-D was found. Differences were found in mean and highest VAS-E and VAS-D by group, with the COPD group reporting the highest values. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation provided initial evidence of the stability and validity of daily VAS-E and VAS-D measures and preliminary support for the use of daily VAS logs to evaluate differences in breathing effort and breathing distress.

Analysis of Variance↗