Biomedical subjects

Jie Dong

Publications and source records attributed to Jie Dong.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Analysis of part of the Trichophyton rubrum ESTs.

Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) is the most common of the superficial fungi. In an effort to better understand the genetic and biochemical makeup of T. rubrum, we generated cDNA libraries from 3 growth stages and used these to isolate 4002 unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Sequence comparisons with the Genbank database allowed 1226 of the ESTs to be assigned putative functions or matched with homologs from other organisms. Of the remaining ESTs, 989 were only weakly similar to known sequences and 1787 had no identifiable functions, suggesting that they represent novel genes. We further analyzed the presence of several important genes involved in the growth, metabolism, signal transduction, pathogenesis and drug resistance in T. rubrum. This information was used to newly elucidate important metabolic pathways in T. rubrum. Taken together, our results should form the molecular basis for continued research on the physiological processes and pathogenic mechanisms of T. rubrum, and may lead to a better understanding of fungal drug resistance and identification of new drug targets.

Computational Biology↗

PubMed2004

[Effects of estradiol on deltamethrin-induced neurotoxicity in rat cerebro-cortical synaptosomes].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of estradiol on the release of excitatory amino acid (EAAs) mediator, and the activity of ATPase in cerebro-cortical synaptosome membrane of rats exposed to deltamethrin. METHODS: Using HPLC to detect EAAs release, and colorimeter method to measure the activities of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase in the cerebro-cortical synaptosomes of ovariectomized rats exposed to deltamethrin (2 x 10(-5)mol/L), and treated with different doses of 17beta estradiol (10(-5), 10(-8), 10(-11) mol/L). Meanwhile, the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, tamoxifen, was used to investigate the effect on estradiol. RESULTS: The release of Asp and Glu from the cerebro-cortical synaptosomes was significantly increased by 2 x 10(-5)mol/L deltamethrin exposure at the depolarizing state evoked by 50 mmol/L KCl, while 10(-8), 10(-11) mol/L 17beta estradiol could partly inhibit the effect of deltamethrin on the release of Asp (28.42%, 24.36%, respectively), Glu (21.52%, 14.57%, respectively). The activities of 4 kinds of ATPase were inhibited by 2 x 10(-4) mol/L deltamethrin, and these effects could be blocked by 10(-5) mol/L estradiol, while the activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase was increased by 10(-8), 10(-11) mol/L of estradiol. However, no obvious antagonistic effect of tamoxifen on the function of estradial on EAAs release or the activities of ATPase was found. CONCLUSION: Estradiol showed certain neuroprotective effect on the release of EAAs and the inhibition on ATPase induced by deltamethrin. The effect of estradiol on synaptosomes may indicate the nongenetic mechanism of estradiol.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Stability of protein to digestion in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To establish test model of stability of different protein to digestion in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). METHODS: The component of SGF and SIF being from the United States Pharmacopeia, the stability of various proteins were tested. The concentration of protein in SGF/SIF was 0.5mg/ml. At intervals of 0s, 15s, 30s, 60s, 2min, 4min, 8min, 15min, 30min and 60min, the samples were taken out. According to the results of SDS-PAGE, the stability of various proteins to digestion in SGF/SIF was observed. RESULTS: The experiment showed that trypsin inhibitor from soybean, beta-lactoglobulin A from bovine milk and beta-lactoglobulin B from bovine milk were stable within 60min in SGF. Peanut lectin was digested within 8min. Most soybean lectin was digested within 8min, but the degraded fragments still existed. Ovalbumin, ovomucoid, BSA, soybean lipoxygenase and potato acid phosphatase were digested within 15s. The results in SGF were not consistent with the results in SIF. Trypsin inhibitor from soybean, beta lactoglobulin A from bovine milk, beta-lactoglobulin B from bovine milk, BSA, ovalbumin, ovomucoid, soybean lectin and peanut lectin were stable for 60min in SIF. The degraded fragments of soybean lipoxygenase and potato acid phospatase exited within 60min. CONCLUSION: Different proteins showed different stability to SGF/SIF. According to the difference, model of evaluating the stability of protein to SGF/SIF was established.

Drug Stability↗

PubMed2004

[Effects of deltamethrin on the apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3 in rat neural cells].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of deltamethrin on the apoptotic rate and the expression of caspase-3 in rat neural cells. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, 5 h, 24 h, 48 h and 5 d exposed groups. Apoptotic rate and the expression of caspase-3 were measured by FACS420 Flow Cytometer; Ac-DEVD-pNa was used as a substrate to detect the activity of caspase-3. RESULTS: Apoptotic rates in 24 h, 48 h and 5 d exposed groups in hippocampus and cerebral cortex [hippocampus: (8.45 +/- 1.02)%, (9.44 +/- 1.14)%, (7.58 +/- 0.75)%; cerebral cortex: (7.90 +/- 0.49)%, (8.01 +/- 0.87)%, (7.97 +/- 0.41)% respectively] were higher than those in the control [hippocampus: (2.97 +/- 0.36)%; cerebral cortex: (3.50 +/- 0.48)%] (P < 0.01); the activity of caspase-3 in 5 h, 24 h and 48 h exposed groups (A(405) nm in hippocampus: 0.389 +/- 0.038, 0.472 +/- 0.041, 0.295 +/- 0.049; A(405) nm in cerebral cortex: 0.321 +/- 0.068, 0.429 +/- 0.077, 0.344 +/- 0.047) and 5 d group of hippocampus (0.246 +/- 0.065) were all higher than those of the control (hippocampus: 0.184 +/- 0.054; cerebral cortex: 0.198 +/- 0.049) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the expression of caspase-3 in 5 h, 24 h and 48 h exposed groups increased apparently while 5 d group did not. CONCLUSION: Exposure to high dose of deltamethrin would affect the apoptosis, the activity and expression of caspase-3 in rat neural cells. The increase in caspase-3 activity and expression occurred before the rising of neuronal apoptotic rate may be the upstream event of apoptosis.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Impact of nutritional status, inflammation and cardiovascular disease on the mortality of 90 Chinese peritoneal dialysis patients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of nutritional status, inflammation and cardiovascular disease on the mortality of 90 patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 90 clinically stable CAPD patients. Patients' nutritional status (by SGA), chronic inflammation (by CRP), cardiovascular disease (CVD) were evaluated. All patients were followed for 24 months. RESULTS: Thirty-three of the 90 (36.67%) patients died during the follow-up, five patients transferred to hemodialysis and 3 patients received transplantation. The causes of death were CVD in 12, infection in 13 and other causes in 7. Seventeen patients who died were malnourished. Malnourished patients had significantly higher mortality than well nourished patients (P<0.05). Patients with high serum CRP had higher mortality (P<0.01). CVD patients had also significantly higher mortality (P<0.01). The patients with malnutrition-inflammation-CVD (MIA) syndrome had significantly lower survival rate as compared with those with one or two components of MIA (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: During 2-year follow up, 45 percent of 90 CAPD patients left the program. The most common causes of death were CVD and infection. Half of the patients who died were malnourished. Inflammation, malnutrition and CVD may have aggravated each other, and contributed to the poor outcome of this patient population.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗

PubMed2003

Identification and characterization of simple sequence repeats in the genomes of Shigella species.

A variety of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have been identified in the genome of Shigella flexneri serotype 2a (strain Sf301), an enteric pathogen that causes bacillary dysentery in man. The distribution of SSRs, with unit length ranging from 1 to 9 nucleotides, was biased in different regions of the genome. The tri-, tetra- and hexanucleotide SSRs prevailed in the coding regions while the mono- and dinucleotide SSRs were more common in the noncoding regions. Many intergenic SSRs are less than 30 bp away from the downstream open reading frames (ORFs), suggesting a potential role in transcriptional regulation. To study polymorphism of SSRs, we compared 17 coding-region SSRs from strain Sf301 with the corresponding sequences from 23 other strains of four Shigella species. Five chromosomal loci were found to be polymorphic, of which those from S. flexneri strains were most variable. Particularly interesting is the C5-1 locus in the coding sequence of the hcaD gene encoding a subunit of ferredoxin reductase. Depending on the insertion of variable numbers of the unit sequence (CGCAG), the Shigella hcaD genes can encode truncated products due to premature stop codons or frame shifts, or products with extended core alpha helices that leads to radical alterations in the predicted tertiary structure. Hence, SSRs may serve as genotyping markers for epidemiological investigations, and may offer insights into evolutionary adaptation of the pathogens.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2003

Identification of anti-TNFalpha peptides with consensus sequence.

Phage displayed peptide library was used to select tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) binding peptides. After three sequential rounds of biopanning, some linear TNFalpha-binding peptides were identified from a 12-mer peptide library. A consensus sequence (L/M)HEL(Y/F)(L/M)X(W/Y/F), where X might be variable residue, was deduced from sequences of these peptides. The phages bearing these peptides showed specific binding to immobilized TNFalpha, with over 80% of phages bound being competitively eluted by free TNFalpha. To confirm the binding activity and to explore further functional properties, three peptides with typical structure were selected and expressed as GST-fused protein. These recombinant peptides effectively competed for [125I]TNFalpha binding to TNFR1 in a dose-dependent manner, with IC(50) from 10 to 160 microM. Furthermore, the GST-fused derivatives showed inhibitory effects on TNFalpha-induced cytotoxicity. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the TNFalpha-binding peptides are effective antagonists of TNFalpha and the deduced motif might be useful in development of novel low molecular weight anti-TNFalpha drugs.

Bacteriophages↗

PubMed2003

Intracellular signal transduction modulating expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in adipocytes.

The concentrations in blood of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an inhibitor of fibrinolysis and proteolysis, are elevated in obese and insulin-resistant subjects, predispose them to the risk of thrombosis, and may accelerate atherogenesis. Adipose tissue is a prominent source. Accordingly, intracellular signaling pathways that may influence PAI-1 expression in adipocytes have been the focus of considerable study. Rho, a small GTP binding and GTPase protein, when activated in turn activates its target, Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein, to yield an active kinase, Rho-kinase, an effector in the Rho pathway. Rho-kinase exerts calcium-sensitizing effects in vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibitory effects on transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) expression in chicken embryonic heart cells. Because TGF-beta is a powerful agonist of PAI-1 expression, we characterized the effects of inhibition of Rho-kinase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PAI-1 mRNA was determined by Northern blotting, and PAI-1 protein was determined by Western blotting. The Rho-kinase inhibitor, Y-27632 [(R)-(+)-trans-N-(4-pyridyl)-4-(1-aminoethyl)-cyclohexanecarboxamide], increased PAI-1 expression markedly. Although genistein, a flavonoid tyrosine kinase, attenuated the increase of PAI-1 induced by Y-27632, other non-flavonoid tyrosine kinase inhibitors did not. However, another flavonoid, daidzein, which lacks tyrosine kinase activity, decreased basal PAI-1 expression and attenuated the induction of PAI-1 expression by Y-27632. Thus, the Rho/Rho-kinase system inhibits PAI-1 expression by a flavonoid-sensitive mechanism in adipocytes. Therefore, flavonoids may be useful in decreasing elevated PAI-1 expression in adipose tissue and its consequent pathophysiologic sequelae.

3T3 Cells↗

PubMed2003

Coronary capillary network remodeling and hypofibrinolysis in aged obese diabetic rats: implications for increased myocardial vulnerability to ischemia.

Despite the known abnormalities of cardiac function in patients with overt non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) the temporal changes of coronary capillary network remodeling leading to potential microcirculatory dysfunction have not been elucidated. To this end, left ventricular subendocardial capillary network of Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, characterized by hypertension, obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and mild NIDDM, and control Long-Evans Tokushima (LETO) rats were investigated. Total capillary density in OLETF was significantly higher than that in LETO at 20 weeks, suggesting compensatory improvement of O2 transport at early stages of NIDDM. The increase in capillary density in OLETF was lost at 40 and 60 weeks due to the decreases of intermediate capillary portions and venular capillary portions. Although capillary domain area (area innervated by single capillary) in OLETF was lower than that in LETO at 20 weeks, the values were similar between OLETF and LETO at 40 and 60 weeks, suggesting that adaptive improvement in the capacity for 02 transport with a high perfusion was lost in late stages of NIDDM. Activity of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the major physiologic inhibitor of proteo(fibrino)lysis, in OLETF was higher than that in LETO at 40 and 60 weeks, suggesting that increase of PAI-1 may downregulate compensatory adaptive capillary network remodeling by inhibiting proteolysis and angiogenesis in the cardiac interstitium. Loss of adaptive myocardial microcirculation may therefore contribute to increased vulnerability in ischemic injury and to cardiac dysfunction in NIDDM.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by mediators of the acute phase response: a potential progenitor of vasculopathy in hypertensives.

Hypertension is an important risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis, which is accelerated by inflammation and diminished fibrinolysis. We have previously shown that levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the major physiologic inhibitor of fibrinolysis, are increased with atherogenic metabolic derangement. Because the liver is one of the major sources of circulating PAI-1, we here examined the effects of two proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6, on PAI-1 production in a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. IL-1beta (1 ng/ml) and IL-6 (1 ng/ml) increased the accumulation of PAI-1 in the conditioned media over 24 h (IL-1beta: 2.1 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SD) fold over the control; IL-6:1.4 +/- 0.2 fold; Western blot, p < 0.05). The increase in PAI-1 protein accumulation correlated with the increased expression of PAI-1 mRNA (Northern blot). An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (mevastatin, 10 micromol/l) attenuated the PAI-1 production induced by IL-1beta and IL-6. The plasma PAI-1 activity level was higher in hypertensives than in normotensives (10.0 +/- 9.8 AU/ml vs. 6.2 +/- 4.5 AU/ml, p < 0.05). The plasma PAI-1 antigen level was also higher in hypertensives than in normotensives (30.9 +/- 22.4 ng/ml vs. 24.4 +/- 13.3 ng/ml, p < 0.05). Thus, 1) IL-1beta and IL-6 can increase PAI-1 production in hepatic cells and 2) mevastatin may exert anti-thrombotic effects by decreasing the PAI-1 protein production induced by these proinflammatory cytokines. These results provide further insights into how inflammation is involved in the atherothrombotic complications observed in hypertensives, which may be ameliorated by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗

PubMed2003

[Brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA expressions in rat brain induced by short-term in vivo exposure to deltamethrin].

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the mechanism of damage on central nervous system (CNS) caused by deltamethrin (DM). METHODS: The mRNA and protein expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the rats exposed to DM were measured by retro-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), dot blot, flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: After exposure to DM at high-dose (DM1, 25.0 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), i.p.) once and low-dose (DM2, 12.5 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), i.p.) for 5 days, the level of BDNF mRNA and protein expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the rats increased significantly. The levels of BDNF mRNA and protein expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus measured by of RT-PCR in the rats with DM1 and DM2 were higher than those in the controls by 48% and 56%, and 59% and 54%, respectively. And, those measured by dot blot in the rats with MD1 and MD2 were 186% and 161%, and 148% and 158% of those in the controls, respectively, basically similar to those measured by RT-PCR. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the levels of BDNF mRNA and protein expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the rats with DM1 and DM2 were higher than those in the controls by 53% and 89%, and 45% and 46%, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that protein expression in the cerebral cortex of the rats with DM1 and DM2 were 129% and 147% of those in the controls, same as the flow cytometric analysis, but those were significantly higher in the hippocampus mainly in the CA1 and DG areas of the rats with MD1 and the CA3 and DG areas of the rats with DM2. CONCLUSIONS: DM could induce BDNF mRNA and protein expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the rats, which could play an important role in repairing of nerve damage.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Effects of deltamethrin on cell survival rate and intracellular free Ca2+ concentration in primary cultured astrocytes of rat].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of deltamethrin (DM) on cell survival rate and intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) concentration in primary cultured astrocytes of rat. METHODS: The cell survival rate was measured by Typan Blue assay; the intracellular [Ca(2+)]i concentration was determined by the fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator Fura-2/AM. RESULTS: The survival rate of astrocytes was decreased to 91.9% after astrocytes were incubated with 1 x 10(-5) mol/L DM for 72 h (P < 0.05). The cell survival rates were 89.0%, 84.8%, 81.2% and 79.2% respectively when astrocytes were administered with 1 x 10(-4) mol/L DM for 4, 12, 24 and 72 h, which were remarkably lower than control groups (P < 0.01). Comparing with controls and before DM treatment, sharp increases in [Ca(2+)]i concentration [(451.4 +/- 42.3), (536.9 +/- 47.5) and (870.9 +/- 100.5) nmol/L respectively] were observed when astrocytes were incubated with 1 x 10(-7), 1 x 10(-6) and 1 x 10(-5) mol/L DM for 5 minutes (P < 0.01). After astrocytes were treated with 1 x 10(-8), 1 x 10(-7), 1 x 10(-6), 1 x 10(-5) mol/L DM for 15 minutes, the [Ca(2+)]i concentrations were decreased to (124.3 +/- 6.0), (131.3 +/- 19.1), (118.9 +/- 1.4), (136.6 +/- 3.8) nmol/L respectively, which were significantly different from those of controls and before treatment. And this situation was almost keeping stable to 30 min. CONCLUSION: The cell survival rate was decreased and the [Ca(2+)]i concentration was temporarily increased when astrocytes were treated with DM.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Effects of pyrethroids on the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid transferase in rat brain].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of pyrethroids on the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid transferase (GABAT) in rat brain. METHOD: The coupled enzyme ultraviolet spectrophotography was applied to observe the effects of deltamethrin (DM) and permethrin (PM) on the activities of GABAT in rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus, corpus striatum and cerebellum in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: In vitro, DM and PM had no significant effects on the activities of GABAT in rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus, corpus striatum and cerebellum at the final concentration of 10(-9) - 10(-4) mol/L. When 37.5 mg/kg DM and 600 mg/kg PM were orally administrated to the rats at one time, the activities of GABAT in rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum in the DM group [(2.96 +/- 0.43), (2.13 +/-0.44), (5.12 +/- 1.36) nmol x mg pro(-1) x min(-1), respectively] were lower than those in the control group [(3.43 +/- 0.41), (2.68 +/- 0.47), (6.74 +/- 1.64) nmol x mg pro(-1) x min(-1)] (P < 0.05), and the activities of GABAT in rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the PM group [(4.57 +/- 0.30), (4.18 +/- 0.63) nmol.mg pro(-1) x min(-1), respectively] were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). When 12.5 mg/kg DM and 200 mg/kg PM were orally administrated to the rats once a day for consecutive five days, the two pesticides had no significant effects on the activities of GABAT in rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus, corpus striatum and cerebellum (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In vitro, DM and PM had no significant effects on the activity of GABAT in rat brain; in vivo, DM and PM may have different effects on the activity of GABAT in rat brain, which deserve further study.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Genome sequence of Shigella flexneri 2a: insights into pathogenicity through comparison with genomes of Escherichia coli K12 and O157.

We have sequenced the genome of Shigella flexneri serotype 2a, the most prevalent species and serotype that causes bacillary dysentery or shigellosis in man. The whole genome is composed of a 4 607 203 bp chromosome and a 221 618 bp virulence plasmid, designated pCP301. While the plasmid shows minor divergence from that sequenced in serotype 5a, striking characteristics of the chromosome have been revealed. The S.flexneri chromosome has, astonishingly, 314 IS elements, more than 7-fold over those possessed by its close relatives, the non-pathogenic K12 strain and enterohemorrhagic O157:H7 strain of Escherichia coli. There are 13 translocations and inversions compared with the E.coli sequences, all involve a segment larger than 5 kb, and most are associated with deletions or acquired DNA sequences, of which several are likely to be bacteriophage-transmitted pathogenicity islands. Furthermore, S.flexneri, resembling another human-restricted enteric pathogen, Salmonella typhi, also has hundreds of pseudogenes compared with the E.coli strains. All of these could be subjected to investigations towards novel preventative and treatment strategies against shigellosis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2002

Molecular characterization of a novel, cadmium-inducible gene from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. A new gene that contributes to the resistance to cadmium toxicity.

Cadmium is an environmental contaminant that is both a human toxicant and carcinogen. To inhibit cadmium-induced damage, cells respond by increasing the expression of genes that encode stress-response proteins. We previously reported the identification of 48 cadmium-inducible mRNAs in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we describe a new cadmium-responsive gene, designated cdr-1, whose rate and level of inducible expression parallel those of the C. elegans metallothioneins. The CDR-1 mRNA contains an open reading frame of 831 bp and encodes a predicted 32-kDa, integral membrane protein. Following cadmium exposure, cdr-1 is transcribed exclusively in intestinal cells of post-embryonic C. elegans. In vivo, the CDR-1 protein is targeted specifically to the intestinal cell lysosomes. cdr-1 transcription is significantly induced by cadmium but not by other tested stressors. These results indicate that cdr-1 expression is regulated by cadmium and in a cell-specific fashion. Inhibition of CDR-1 expression renders C. elegans susceptible to cadmium toxicity. In conclusion, cdr-1 defines a new class of cadmium-inducible genes and encodes an integral membrane, lysosomal protein. This protein functions to protect against cadmium toxicity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2002

[Clinical study on malnutrition and low take of protein and energy in peritoneal dialysis patients].

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence and clinical related factors of malnutrition and low take of protein and energy in peritoneal dialysis patients. METHODS: We examined the nutritional status in 90 clinically stable continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients from four dialysis centers in Beijing, including subjective global assessment (SGA), dietary diaries, direct anthropometry, biochemistry and so on. The social function and psychological status (anxiety and depression) were researched too. These patients were placed in various nutritional categorizes based on SGA (i.e. normal nutrition, mild-to-moderate malnutrition, severe malnutrition). The related factors of malnutrition and low take of protein and energy were analyzed through the multivariate regression methods. RESULTS: SGA showed the prevalence of malnutrition in our CAPD patients was 47.8%, severe malnutrition 13.3%. The mean dietary protein intake (DPI), dietary energy intake (DEI), arm circumference (AC), triceps skinfold (TSF), arm muscle circumference (AMC), serum albumin (Alb), prealbumin (PA), transferring (TF), the normalized protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance (nPNA), lean body mass (LBM) and % LBM were significantly different among three groups patients (P < 0.001 approximately 0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis revealed that DPI (P < 0.05), DEI (P < 0.05) and Tccr (P < 0.01) are negatively correlated with malnutrition, duration of dialysis (P = 0.12) and diabetes (P < 0.05) positively correlated with malnutrition. The mean DPI and DEI were (0.74 +/- 0.26) g . kg(-1) .d(-1), (113 +/- 29) kJ . kg(-1) . d(-1) respectively. In the linear multivariate regression, anxiety scores (P < 0.01) were negatively correlated with DEI, taking exercise (P < 0.05) positively with DEI and depression scores (P < 0.01) negatively with DPI. There were 72 (80%) patients with anxiety of different grades, 14 (15.6%) patients with depression of different grades. CONCLUSION: Malnutrition is prevalence in our CAPD patients. Low take of protein and energy, reduced residual renal function and Tccr, long duration of dialysis and diabetes may remarkably influence on malnutrition in our CAPD patients. Anxiety, depression and less exercise may play an important role in low take of protein and energy.

Anxiety↗

PubMed2002

Association of cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial dysfunction in japanese hypertensive patients: implications for early atherosclerosis.

Although hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and smoking are known risk factors of atherosclerosis in Caucasians, their relative contributions to early atherosclerosis among Japanese are unknown. Decrease in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery is a useful marker of endothelial dysfunction and early atherosclerosis. To evaluate the relative contribution of hypertension to early atherogenesis, we determined FMD, as well as plasma levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA; a sensitive index of endothelial damage) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interleukin (IL)-6 (established markers of inflammation) in normotensive and hypertensive patients under treatment. FMD was significantly reduced as the number of risk factors increased, suggesting that accumulations of risk factors were related to endothelial dysfunction. FMD was reduced in hypertensives (9.9 +/- 5.8 (SD) %) compared to normotensives (14.6 +/- 7.6, p<0.01) despite good blood pressure control (139 +/- 20/80 +/- 14 mmHg in hypertensives). Nitroglycerine-induced endothelium-independent vasodilation was not altered in hypertensives (16.0 +/- 6.3%) as compared to normotensives (16.7 +/- 5.8). Plasma t-PA, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 levels were increased in hypertensives despite good blood pressure control. Thus, hypertension alone is a high risk for early atherosclerosis. Persistent endothelial damage and moderate inflammation may increase the risk of early atherosclerosis synergistically under the presence of hypertension in Japanese.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Characterization of genome of A/Guangzhou/333/99(H9N2) virus].

BACKGROUND: To understand the characterization of genome of a strain of avian influenza A H9N2 virus repeatedly isolated from a child with influenza illness. Thereafter to reveal the origin of this H9N2 virus. METHODS: Viruses were passed in embryonated hen eggs and virion RNA was extracted from allantoic fluid and reverse transcribed to synthesize cDNA. cDNA was amplified by PCR and the PCR product was purified with a purification kit. Afterwards RNA sequence analysis was performed by dideoxynucleotide chain termination and a cloning method. Finally, phylogenetic analysis of the sequencing data was performed with MegAlign (Version 1.03) and Editseg (Version 3.69) softwares. RESULTS: Genome of A/Guangzhou/333/99 (H9N2) virus was closely related to avian influenza A H9N2 virus, but obvious difference from that of A/Duck/Hong Kong/Y439/97(H9N2) virus, as well as its genome did not include any RNA segment derived from human influenza A virus. However, the genes encoding the HA,NA,NP and NS proteins of A/Guangzhou/333/99 virus were derived from those of G9 lineage virus, the rest genes encoding the M and three polymerase (PB2,PB1 and PA) proteins were derived from G1 lineage strain. CONCLUSIONS: A/Guangzhou/333/99 virus was a reassortant derived from reassortment betweenG9 and G1 lineages of avian influenzaA(H9N2) viruses. Therefore, the most possibility is that it is derived from avian influenza A virus directly. The results do not only demonstrate that avian influenza A (H9N2) virus could infect men, but also firstly prove that the genetic reassortment could be occurred between different genetic lineages of avian influenza A (H9N2) viruses in the nature.

Animals↗