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Biomedical subjects

Jeremy Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to Jeremy Taylor.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Training of the next generation of biostatisticians: a call to action in the U.S.

Two workshops (2001, 2003) were held by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to examine the need to train more biostatisticians in the U.S. to meet the increasing opportunities in the biomedical research enterprise. The supply of new PhD graduates in biostatistics in the U.S. has been relatively steady for the past two decades while the demand has increased dramatically. These workshops concluded that a renewed effort must be made in the U.S., led in part by the NIH, to add to and expand the existing training programs to increase the supply. This article summarizes those two workshops and their recommendations. Some progress has been made through a new biostatistics training program with emphasis in bioinformatics sponsored by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS).

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed2005

Single-cycle induction chemotherapy selects patients with advanced laryngeal cancer for combined chemoradiation: a new treatment paradigm.

PURPOSE: Primary chemoradiotherapy in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer can achieve high rates of organ preservation without sacrificing survival compared with radiation alone or conventional laryngectomy. Appropriate selection of patients for organ preservation approaches could enhance overall treatment outcome and quality of life. We conducted a phase II organ preservation trial for patients with stage III and IV larynx cancer to determine whether late salvage surgery rates could be decreased and survival improved by selecting patients for organ preservation based on response to a single cycle of induction chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The chemotherapy was cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on day 1 and fluorouracil 1,000 mg/m(2)/d for 5 days. Patients who achieved less than 50% response had immediate laryngectomy. Patients who achieved more than 50% response went on to concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Histologic complete responders after chemoradiotherapy received two more cycles of chemotherapy. Patients with residual disease after chemoradiotherapy had planned salvage surgery. RESULTS: Of 97 eligible patients, 73 (75%) achieved more than 50% response and received chemoradiotherapy. A total of 29 patients (30%) had salvage surgery; 19 patients (20%) had early salvage surgery after the single cycle of induction chemotherapy, three patients (3%) had late salvage surgery after chemoradiotherapy, six patients (6%) eventually had salvage surgery for recurrence, and one patient had laryngectomy for chondroradionecrosis. The median follow-up time was 41.9 months. The overall survival rate at 3 years is 85%. The cause-specific survival rate was 87%. Larynx preservation was achieved in 69 patients (70%). CONCLUSION: These results confirm excellent larynx preservation and improved overall survival rates compared with historical results.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Home glucometer monitoring markedly improves diagnosis of post renal transplant diabetes mellitus in renal transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND: Definitions of de novo posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) have varied widely in the renal transplant literature, and most have not used the American Diabetes Association (ADA) definition of diabetes (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] > or = 126 mg/dl on two occasions, or a casual plasma glucose level >200 mg/dl). Most patients are monitored for PTDM by 12-hour FPG levels drawn for clinic visits. In contrast, we describe the diagnosis of PTDM by home glucometer monitoring METHODS: We screened 89 consecutive nondiabetic renal transplant recipients for PTDM by ADA criteria and home glucometer monitoring during the first 3 months posttransplant RESULTS: Of 23 patients with impaired fasting glucose levels of 111-126 mg/dl, 14 (61%) met ADA criteria for diabetes mellitus of based on home glucometer monitoring. The incidence of de novo PTDM was 31% during this period. Predictors of PTDM in a Cox proportional hazards model were race and acute rejection, with a trend towards BMI. Clinic visit FPG levels did not differ between PTDM and non-PTDM patients. All diagnoses were made based on prelunch or supper FPG >200 mg/dl. CONCLUSIONS: Overnight FPG are inadequate for diagnosis of PTDM. All renal transplant recipients with impaired FPG should, at minimum, have home FPG testing.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

On mental health.

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Consumer Advocacy↗
PubMed2005

On spirituality.

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Catholicism↗
PubMed2005

On mental health.

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Community Participation↗
PubMed2005

On mental health.

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Foundations↗
PubMed2005

On mental health.

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Economic Competition↗
PubMed2005

Exposure to violence and parenting as mediators between poverty and psychological symptoms in urban African American adolescents.

The present study builds on past research that has found support for a conceptual model in which poverty is linked with adolescent psychological symptoms through economic stressors and impaired parenting. The present study examined this model in a sample of urban African American mothers and their adolescent children. In addition, an alternative hypothesis was examined: that exposure to community violence mediates the relation between poverty and psychological symptoms in urban youth. Limited support was found for a model in which poverty is linked with internalizing symptoms through exposure to community violence and with externalizing symptoms through economic stressors and inconsistent discipline. Interpretations, limitations, and directions for future research are outlined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

On mental health.

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Health Facility Closure↗
PubMed2003

Do Aviram-Ratner diodes rectify?

We present state-of-the-art first principles calculations for the IV characteristics of a donor-insulator-acceptor (DsigmaA) type molecular diode anchored with thiolate bonds to two gold electrodes. We find very poor diode characteristics of the device, and the origin of this is analyzed in terms of the bias-dependent electronic structure. At zero bias, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is confined to the D part, and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is confined to the A part, while at 3.8 V the two states align, and this gives rise to an increasing current. The latter is a potential mechanism for rectification and may in some cases lead to favorable diode characteristics. We identify the origin of the vanishing rectification for the investigated molecule, and on the basis of this we suggest parameters which are important for successful chemical engineering of DsigmaA rectifiers.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

TranSIESTA: a spice for molecular electronics.

Our recently developed method, TranSIESTA, enables modelling of molecular electronic devices under operation conditions. The method is based on density functional theory, and calculates the self-consistent electronic structure of a nanostructure coupled to three-dimensional electrodes with different electrochemical potentials. It uses a full atomistic ab initio description of both the electrodes and the nanoscale device. The calculations reveal information about the scattering states, transmission coefficients, electron current, and non-equilibrium forces in the systems. In this paper we use the method to investigate the electrical properties of three ring phenyl-ethynylene oligomers (OPE). We present results for the electrical effect of side groups and molecular conformations of the molecules. The calculations indicate that molecular switching and negative differential conductance (NDC) are related to rotations of the middle phenyl ring.

Algorithms↗