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Biomedical subjects

James E Mitchell

Publications and source records attributed to James E Mitchell.

63 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Assessment of eating disorders: comparison of interview and questionnaire data from a long-term follow-up study of bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: This paper examines diagnostic agreement between interview and questionnaire assessments of women participating in a long-term follow-up study of bulimia nervosa. METHODS: Women (N = 162) completed follow-up evaluations comprising questionnaires and either face-to-face or telephone interviews. RESULTS: Consistent with previous research, rates of eating disorders were higher when assessed by questionnaire than when assessed by interview; however, rates of full bulimia nervosa were similar. Overall diagnostic agreement was adequate for eating disorders (kappa=.64) but poor for bulimia nervosa (kappa=.49), with greater agreement between questionnaires and telephone interviews (kappa's range: .67-.71) than between questionnaires and face-to-face interviews (kappa's range: .35-.58). CONCLUSION: Findings support the possibility that increased rates of eating pathology on questionnaire assessments may be due, in part, to increased candor when participants feel more anonymous. Questionnaire assessments may not be inferior to interview assessments; they may reveal different aspects of disordered eating.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Two measures of health-related quality of life in morbid obesity.

OBJECTIVE: To compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures in obese presurgery patients with and without binge-eating disorder (BED) and to investigate the relationship between a generic [short form-36 (SF-36)] and a disease-specific HRQOL measure [Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire (IWQOL)] and measures of eating-related and general psychopathology. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: One hundred ten patients ages 19 to 62 years with a mean body mass index of 48.4 +/- 8.3 kg/m(2) who were evaluated for gastric bypass surgery were asked to fill out questionnaires assessing eating-related and general psychopathology (depression, self-esteem), as well as the two HRQOL questionnaires. BED was assessed by self-report. RESULTS: Nineteen (17.3%) patients met criteria for BED. Significant differences between patients with and without BED were found for four of the eight subscales of the SF-36-with effect sizes ranging from 0.44 to 0.75-and for the total score and three of the five subscales of the IWQOL-Lite-with effect sizes from 0.57 to 0.74. The mental composite score of the SF-36 as well as the IWQOL total score correlated significantly with the measures of psychopathology. DISCUSSION: This is the first study comparing the results of HRQOL measures in morbidly obese presurgery patients with and without BED. The results indicate that BED has a profound negative impact on HRQOL that exceeds the influence of obesity. Both HRQOL measures were able to reliably discriminate between patients with and without BED. Depression and self-esteem influenced HRQOL in a similar way as binge eating.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Long-term menstrual and reproductive function in patients with bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: Menstrual dysfunction occurs frequently in patients with bulimia nervosa. Whether this is associated with diminished fertility is unknown. This study examined menstrual and reproductive function in bulimia nervosa patients retrospectively, with 10-15-year follow-ups. METHOD: A total of 173 women with bulimia nervosa were interviewed an average of 11.5 years (SD=1.9) after initial assessment with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and a questionnaire about menstruation, pregnancy, and eating disorder symptoms. RESULTS: At baseline assessment, 38.2% of the subjects reported regular menses, and 4.6% reported amenorrhea. At follow-up, the rate of amenorrhea was 16.8% (2.9% because of pregnancy). At baseline, 34.7% of the subjects had experienced at least one pregnancy. At follow-up, 74.6% had been pregnant at least once, and 1.7% reported an inability to conceive. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that while menstrual irregularities are common, bulimia nervosa appears to have little impact on later ability to achieve pregnancy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Health-related quality of life in morbidly obese patients: effect of gastric bypass surgery.

BACKGROUND: The effect of gastric bypass on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of morbidly obese patients was investigated in a cross-sectional study. METHODS: A postoperative group of 78 patients on average 13.8 years after gastric bypass was compared with a preoperative control group of 110 patients. The SF-36 was used to assess HRQoL. In preoperative patients, the SF-36 was self-administered, while in the postoperative group, telephone interviews were conducted. In the postoperative sample, multiple stepwise linear regression analyses were carried out to examine putative predictors of the physical (PCS) and the mental (MCS) composite scores of the SF-36. RESULTS: Significant differences between the pre-and postoperative group were found for all subscales except Mental Health, in favor of the postoperative group. On average 13.8 years after gastric bypass, most of the sub-scales were similar to the US norm values. However, the Bodily Pain and the overall Physical Composite scale (PCS) scores were lower (more impaired) in the postoperative group compared with the US norms. Female patients, patients who were hospitalized since the surgery, and those who had lost less weight had more impaired values on the PCS and patients who reported binge-eating disorder (BED) at follow-up had more impaired values on the Mental Composite Scale (MCS) of the SF-36. CONCLUSION: HRQoL was significantly better in postoperative gastric bypass patients in comparison to a sample of preoperative patients. However, HRQoL, specifically the physical domain of the SF-36, was more impaired in long-term follow-up patients compared with US norm values. The reoccurrence of BED after surgery negatively influenced the mental domain of the SF-36.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Absence of early feeding problems among bulimic women: observations from parental interviews.

Parents of a series of 20 women with bulimia were interviewed about their pregnancies and the feeding patterns and medical status of their daughters during childhood. Few recalled significant feeding problems, although many had regarded their daughters as being overweight or underweight at some earlier time. There was no evidence of a higher than expected rate of medical illness or birth complications in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eating behavior and other distracting behaviors while driving among patients with eating disorders.

The current study sought to better characterize eating behavior, binge-eating behavior, and other potentially problematic, distracting behaviors while driving in patients with eating disorders. Forty patients with eating disorders who reported eating in their car at least once per week were included. Thirty subjects with eating disorders reported binge-eating while driving. A surprisingly high number of subjects reported engaging in a variety of distracting behaviors, including changing clothes, reading, applying make-up, and combing/brushing their hair while driving. Potentially problematic behaviors such as binge-eating while driving should be inquired about during assessment, and if found should be addressed in treatment planning.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics of morbidly obese patients before gastric bypass surgery.

The prevalence of binge eating disorder (BED) was assessed in a sample of 110 morbidly obese presurgery patients by means of self-report (Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns [QEWP]). Subsequently, patients with (n = 19, 17.3%) and without BED (n = 91, 82.7%) were compared on several eating-related and general psychopathological instruments, as well as an obesity-specific health-related quality-of-life measure. Patients with BED exhibited higher scores than non-BED patients on most of the subscales of two questionnaires measuring eating behavior and attitudes towards eating, shape, and weight (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire [TFEQ], Eating Disorders Examination-questionnaire version [EDE-Q4]) with the exception of the respective restraint subscales. The two groups also differed significantly on the disease-specific quality-of-life measure (Impact of Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lite [IWQOL-Lite]). No differences were found for measures of severity of depressive symptoms (Inventory of Depressive Symptoms [IDS]) and impairment of self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire [RSE]). Our findings replicate the results of other studies comparing patients with and without BED in samples with different degrees of obesity and extend the results to an obesity-specific quality-of-life measure. Further research needs to investigate the short- and long-term impact of presurgery BED on surgery outcome, as well as the impact of surgery on binge eating and eating-related psychopathology.

Adult↗